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Article ; Online: Optimal endoscopic localization of colorectal neoplasms: a comparison of rural versus urban documentation practices.

El-Kefraoui, Charbel / Johnson, Garrett / Singh, Harminder / Helewa, Ramzi M

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 115

Abstract: Background: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal neoplasms. However, colonoscopy is often repeated preoperatively due to non-standard documentation and inconsistent practices by index endoscopists. Repeat endoscopies result in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal neoplasms. However, colonoscopy is often repeated preoperatively due to non-standard documentation and inconsistent practices by index endoscopists. Repeat endoscopies result in treatment delays and can increase risks of complications. National consensus recommendations were recently developed for optimal endoscopic colorectal lesion localization. We aimed to assess baseline colonoscopy practice differences from the new recommendations with a focus on geographical variability in report quality between urban and rural referral sites. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent elective surgery for colorectal neoplasms at a single institution in Winnipeg between 2007-2020. We compared endoscopy report quality to the national recommendations with charts stratified by endoscopy location. Our primary outcomes were overall report documentation completeness and use of recommended practices. Results: One hundred ninety-four patients were included (97 rural, 97 urban). The mean overall compliance with the recommendations for urban endoscopies was marginally better compared to rural endoscopies (50% vs. 48%, p = 0.04). Sixty-eight percent of the reports complied with tattoo indications (72% urban; 63% rural, p = 0.16). On average, reports included 29% of recommended tattoo information (30% urban; 28% rural, p = 0.25) and demonstrated 74% appropriate tattoo technique (70% urban; 81% rural, p = 0.10). Twenty-one percent of reports included photographs of lesions in accordance with the national recommendations (28% urban; 13% rural, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Endoscopists frequently omit recommended practices for optimal colorectal lesion localization. Rural reports miss more recommended information compared to urban reports. Future research is needed to facilitate province-wide high-quality endoscopy reporting for patients regardless of endoscopy location.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Retrospective Studies ; Documentation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2118383-1
ISSN	1477-7819 ; 1477-7819
ISSN (online)	1477-7819
ISSN	1477-7819
DOI	10.1186/s12957-023-02987-x
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Article ; Online: Preoperative oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery to prevent surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Johnson, Garrett / Ziegler, Jennifer / Helewa, Ramzi / Askin, Nicole / Rabbani, Rasheda / Abou-Setta, Ahmed M

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

2023 Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) E21–E31

Abstract: Background: Preoperative treatment with oral neomycin combined with erythromycin or metronidazole is recommended to decrease the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) in elective colorectal surgery. However, oral neomycin is not commercially available ...

Abstract	Background: Preoperative treatment with oral neomycin combined with erythromycin or metronidazole is recommended to decrease the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) in elective colorectal surgery. However, oral neomycin is not commercially available in Canada, and therefore it is not routinely used. Fluoroquinolones are widely available and have excellent activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, critically appraise and summarize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of preoperative use of oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics for the prevention of SSIs in adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection. Methods: Following Cochrane guidelines, we included English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral fluoroquinolones plus routine preoperative intravenous antibiotics against intravenous antibiotics alone from MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials( Ovid) and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: We included 3 RCTs (1136 patients). Risk of bias was uncertain in 2 trials and high in 1 trial. Preoperative oral fluoroquinolones led to significantly decreased total SSIs (risk ratio [RR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.57, Conclusion: This review suggests that preoperative oral fluoroquinolones with intravenous antibiotics are superior to intravenous antibiotics alone for preventing SSIs after colorectal surgery. If neomycin is unavailable, oral fluoroquinolones should be considered as a reasonable alternative. Future trials are required to further compare the relative efficacy of oral antibiotic regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Colorectal Surgery ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Fluoroquinolones ; Neomycin
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Neomycin (I16QD7X297)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410651-9
ISSN	1488-2310 ; 0008-428X
ISSN (online)	1488-2310
ISSN	0008-428X
DOI	10.1503/cjs.019721
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Article ; Online: Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a guide for surgeons.

Johnson, Garrett G R J / Park, Jason / Helewa, Ramzi M / Goldenberg, Benjamin A / Nashed, Maged / Hyun, Eric

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

2023 Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) E196–E201

Abstract: The modern management of rectal cancers continues to evolve. With the release of data from new landmark randomized controlled trials (RAPIDO, PRODIGE-23), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has moved to the forefront of locally advanced rectal cancer ... ...

Abstract	The modern management of rectal cancers continues to evolve. With the release of data from new landmark randomized controlled trials (RAPIDO, PRODIGE-23), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has moved to the forefront of locally advanced rectal cancer treatment and is considered a standard option in selected patients. Total neoadjuvant therapy promises enhanced systemic disease control, better treatment adherence and less time with an ostomy. However, TNT as currently described encompasses a number of different potential treatment options that differ significantly in terms of their radiation dosage, chemotherapy regimen and order of treatments administered. Being familiar with TNT regimens will be important for rectal cancer surgeons to appropriately advocate for their patients and optimize their outcomes. This article serves as a primer for the general surgeon and offers a pragmatic overview of the indications, realistic expected benefits and potential downsides of each TNT regimen.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Rectum/surgery ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Neoplasm Staging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410651-9
ISSN	1488-2310 ; 0008-428X
ISSN (online)	1488-2310
ISSN	0008-428X
DOI	10.1503/cjs.005822
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Article: Abdominoperineal Resection with Absorbable Mesh Repair of Perineal Defect for Fournier's Gangrene: A Case Report.

Holden, James / Nayak, Jasmir G / Botkin, Colin / Helewa, Ramzi M

International medical case reports journal

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 133–138

Abstract: Background: Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare but deadly form of necrotizing fasciitis involving the genital, perineal, and anorectal region. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and alcohol misuse. Because multisystem organ ... ...

Abstract	Background: Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare but deadly form of necrotizing fasciitis involving the genital, perineal, and anorectal region. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and alcohol misuse. Because multisystem organ failure can rapidly develop, early diagnosis is critical. Treatment includes fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and surgical debridement. Uncommonly, extension of perineal infection into adjacent organs can necessitate multivisceral resection, which can make reconstruction a challenge. Even with swift diagnosis and optimal treatment, morbidity and mortality are high. Case presentation: A 66-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with progressive scrotal pain, swelling, and perineal skin changes. Examination revealed necrosis of the scrotal soft tissues with involvement of the anal canal and rectum. The patient was initiated on intravenous fluids and broad-spectrum antibiotics, then brought immediately to the operating room where surgical care was provided by a urologist, colorectal surgeon, and general surgeon with expertise in complex mesh repair. Extension of necrotic changes travelling proximally through the full thickness of the rectum was noted. The patient underwent extensive scrotal and perineal debridement, laparotomy, abdominoperineal resection (APR), end colostomy, and polyglactin mesh repair of the resultant pelvic floor defect. The patient had appropriate return of bowel function and satisfactory healing of the perineum postoperatively but ultimately died after a ventricular fibrillation-related cardiac arrest precipitated by a flare of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and referral to the appropriate specialists are essential elements of managing FG. Here we present a case with extension of necrotizing soft tissue infection into the rectum, requiring pelvic dissection and APR as well as absorbable mesh use to aid in perineal closure. Despite expedient treatment, poor outcomes with this condition are unfortunately common.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-26
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2495077-4
ISSN	1179-142X
ISSN	1179-142X
DOI	10.2147/IMCRJ.S295099
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Article: Rectal Cancer Metastasis to the Anal Verge: An Unusual Case Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Johnson, Garrett G R J / Yip, Benson / Helewa, Ramzi M / Shariff, Farhana / Hyun, Eric

International medical case reports journal

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: Background: Anal metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma is very rare, represented by only a handful of case reports in the literature. Previously, reports of metastasis to this region had occurred following a history of anorectal disease, such as anal ... ...

Abstract	Background: Anal metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma is very rare, represented by only a handful of case reports in the literature. Previously, reports of metastasis to this region had occurred following a history of anorectal disease, such as anal fistulae. Antecedent trauma to the area from hemorrhoidectomy, fissures, or perineal retractor injury have also been implicated. Case presentation: Herein we report the case of 69-year-old man without any history of anal disease presenting with a metachronous metastasis of a colorectal-type adenocarcinoma to the anal verge. He was previously treated for T1N0 rectal adenocarcinoma at the rectosigmoid junction with a low anterior resection 5 years prior, then had a T3N0 local recurrence at the colorectal anastomosis treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and eventually a Hartmann's procedure 4 years later. Subsequently, on surveillance flexible sigmoidoscopy, a new tumor was identified on the perianal skin extending from the anal verge. Histopathology demonstrated colorectal-type adenocarcinoma. Flexible endoscopy identified no other residual or recurrent disease in the colon or rectal stump. The patient was treated with wide local excision and advancement flap reconstruction. Conclusion: Isolated metastasis to the anus is an extremely rare occurrence for colorectal adenocarcinoma. There exists little evidence to inform management. One option is to treat like a locally recurrent rectal cancer with aggressive tri-modality management consisting of chemoradiation, abdominal perineal resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy. In the absence of metastatic disease, local resection and close surveillance remain an option. As always, patient factors should guide management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-06
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2495077-4
ISSN	1179-142X
ISSN	1179-142X
DOI	10.2147/IMCRJ.S350999
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Article ; Online: Recommendations for Optimal Endoscopic Localization of Colorectal Neoplasms: A Delphi Consensus of National Experts.

Johnson, Garrett G R J / Vergis, Ashley / Singh, Harminder / Park, Jason / Warriach, Ahmed / Helewa, Ramzi M

Diseases of the colon and rectum

2022 Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 1118–1131

Abstract: Background: Colonoscopy is the standard of care for diagnosis and evaluation of colorectal cancers before surgery. However, varied practices and heterogenous documentation affects communication between endoscopists and operating surgeons, hampering ... ...

Abstract	Background: Colonoscopy is the standard of care for diagnosis and evaluation of colorectal cancers before surgery. However, varied practices and heterogenous documentation affects communication between endoscopists and operating surgeons, hampering surgical planning. Objective: This study aimed to develop recommendations for the use of standardized localization and reporting practices for colorectal lesions identified during lower GI endoscopy. Design: A systematic review of existing endoscopy guidelines and thorough narrative review of the overall endoscopy literature were performed to identify existing practices recommended globally. Setting: An online Delphi process was used to establish consensus recommendations based on a literature review. Patients: Colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists from across Canada who had previously demonstrated leadership in endoscopy, managed large endoscopy programs, produced high-impact publications in the field of endoscopy, or participated in the development of endoscopy guidelines were selected to participate. Primary outcome measures: The primary outcomes measured were colorectal lesion localization and documentation practice recommendations important to planning surgical or advanced endoscopic excisions. Results: A total of 129 of 197 statements achieved consensus after 3 rounds of voting by 23 experts from across Canada. There was more than 90% participation in each round. Recommendations varied according to lesion location in the cecum, colon, or rectum and whether the referral was planned for surgical or advanced endoscopic resection. Recommendations were provided for appropriate documentation, indications, location, and method of tattoo placement, in addition to photograph and real-time 3-dimensional scope configuration device use. Limitations: Because of a paucity of evidence, recommendations are based primarily on expert opinion. There may be bias, as all representatives were based in Canada. Conclusions: Best practices to optimize endoscopic lesion localization and communication are not addressed in previous guidelines. This consensus involving national experts in colorectal surgery and gastroenterology provides a framework for efficient and effective colorectal lesion localization. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C71 . Recomendaciones para la localizacin endoscpica ptima de las neoplasias colorrectales un consenso delphi de expertos nacionales: ANTECEDENTES:La colonoscopia es el estándar de atención para el diagnóstico y la evaluación de los cánceres colorrectales antes de la cirugía. Sin embargo, las prácticas variadas y la documentación heterogénea afectan la comunicación entre los endoscopistas y los cirujanos operadores, lo que dificulta la planificación quirúrgica.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar recomendaciones para el uso de prácticas estandarizadas de localización y notificación de lesiones colorrectales identificadas en la endoscopia gastrointestinal inferior.DISEÑO:Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las pautas de endoscopia existentes y una revisión narrativa exhaustiva de la literatura general sobre endoscopia para identificar las prácticas existentes recomendadas a nivel mundial. Se utilizó un proceso Delphi en línea para establecer recomendaciones de consenso basadas en la revisión de la literatura.PARTICIPANTES:Se seleccionaron para participar cirujanos colorrectales y gastroenterólogos de todo Canadá que previamente habían demostrado liderazgo en endoscopia, manejado grandes programas de endoscopia, producido publicaciones de alto impacto en el campo de la endoscopia o que habían participado en el desarrollo de pautas de endoscopia.RESULTADOS:Localización de lesiones colorrectales y recomendaciones prácticas de documentación importantes para planificar escisiones quirúrgicas o endoscópicas avanzadas.RESULTADOS:129 de 197 declaraciones lograron consenso después de tres rondas de votación de 23 expertos de todo Canadá. Hubo >90% de participación en cada ronda. Las recomendaciones variaron según la ubicación de la lesión en el ciego, colon o recto, y si se planificó la derivación para resección quirúrgica o endoscópica avanzada. Se proporcionaron recomendaciones para la documentación adecuada, las indicaciones, la ubicación y el método de colocación del tatuaje, además de la fotografía y el uso del dispositivo de configuración del alcance 3D en tiempo real.LIMITACIONES:Debido a la escasez de evidencia, las recomendaciones se basan principalmente en la opinión de expertos. Puede haber sesgo, ya que los representantes tenían su sede en Canadá.CONCLUSIONES:Las mejores prácticas para optimizar la localización y comunicación de lesiones endoscópicas no se abordan en las guías anteriores. Este consenso que involucra a expertos nacionales en cirugía colorrectal y gastroenterología proporciona un marco para la localización eficiente y efectiva de lesiones colorrectales. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/C71 . (Traducción-Dr. Mauricio Santamaria ).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colonoscopy/methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Consensus ; Delphi Technique ; Retrospective Studies ; Practice Guidelines as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Video-Audio Media ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212581-x
ISSN	1530-0358 ; 0012-3706
ISSN (online)	1530-0358
ISSN	0012-3706
DOI	10.1097/DCR.0000000000002441
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Article: A Strangulated Meckel's Diverticulum in an Inguinal Hernia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Johnson, Garrett G R J / Holden, James / Helewa, Ramzi M / Hochman, David / Hyun, Eric

International medical case reports journal

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 605–609

Abstract: Background: Meckel's diverticulum is an embryologic remnant of the vitelline duct, occurring in approximately 2% of the adult population. A hernia containing a Meckel's diverticulum is called a Littré's hernia and is rarely reported in the medical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Meckel's diverticulum is an embryologic remnant of the vitelline duct, occurring in approximately 2% of the adult population. A hernia containing a Meckel's diverticulum is called a Littré's hernia and is rarely reported in the medical literature. Clinically, a Littré's hernia is indistinguishable from a hernia containing small bowel and is often discovered incidentally during a repair. Case presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of strangulated Littré's hernia in a patient's right groin. The sac contained a long segment of small bowel in addition to a large Meckel's diverticulum. The bowel was irreducible through the groin incision, and a lower midline laparotomy was made. Necrotic bowel including the Meckel's diverticulum was resected. Given the presence of necrotic bowel and potential for infection, the hernia was repaired with a Bassini herniorrhaphy, reinforced with absorbable mesh. The patient recovered uneventfully. Conclusion: Littré's hernia is a rare clinical entity. Treatment is similar to any bowel-containing hernia. Repair of the hernia defect with permanent mesh should be weighed against the risk of implant infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-02
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2495077-4
ISSN	1179-142X
ISSN	1179-142X
DOI	10.2147/IMCRJ.S325390
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Article ; Online: Serrated polyps and polyposis of the colon: a brief review for surgeon endoscopists.

Hyun, Eric / Helewa, Ramzi M / Singh, Harminder / Wightman, H Robert / Park, Jason

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

2021 Volume 64, Issue 6, Page(s) E561–E566

Abstract: Serrated polyps (SPs) were once considered benign, clinically unimportant lesions. However, it is now recognized that through the serrated neoplasia pathway (SNP), SPs play a role in the development of 15%-30% of cases of colorectal cancers (CRC). ... ...

Abstract	Serrated polyps (SPs) were once considered benign, clinically unimportant lesions. However, it is now recognized that through the serrated neoplasia pathway (SNP), SPs play a role in the development of 15%-30% of cases of colorectal cancers (CRC). Furthermore, a high proportion of postcolonoscopy CRCs are believed to arise from SNP. Serrated polyps are classified into hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated lesions, sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia, traditionally serrated adenomas, and unclassified serrated adenoma, each with a distinct morphological and molecular profile. Despite improved understanding, SPs remain a clinical challenge owing to evolving terminology, frequent pathologic misclassification, endoscopic underdetection, and high rates of incomplete removal. Surgeon endoscopists and surgeons who perform colorectal procedures will undoubtedly come across patients with SPs, and this paper summarizes some of the clinical challenges they will encounter. We also discuss the diagnosis and management of patients with serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS).
MeSH term(s)	Colonic Polyps/classification ; Colonic Polyps/diagnosis ; Colonic Polyps/pathology ; Colonic Polyps/surgery ; Colonoscopy/standards ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-02
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	410651-9
ISSN	1488-2310 ; 0008-428X
ISSN (online)	1488-2310
ISSN	0008-428X
DOI	10.1503/cjs.018820
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Article: Surgery for Locally Advanced T4 Rectal Cancer: Strategies and Techniques.

Helewa, Ramzi M / Park, Jason

Clinics in colon and rectal surgery

2016 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 106–113

Abstract: Locally advanced T4 rectal cancer represents a complex clinical condition that requires a well thought-out treatment plan and expertise from multiple specialists. Paramount in the management of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are accurate ... ...

Abstract	Locally advanced T4 rectal cancer represents a complex clinical condition that requires a well thought-out treatment plan and expertise from multiple specialists. Paramount in the management of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are accurate preoperative staging, appropriate application of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments, and, above all, the provision of high-quality, complete surgical resection in potentially curable cases. Despite the advanced nature of this disease, extended and multivisceral resections with clear margins have been shown to result in good oncological outcomes and offer patients a real chance of cure. In this article, we describe the assessment, classification, and multimodality treatment of primary locally advanced T4 rectal cancer, with a focus on surgical planning, approaches, and outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2048635-2
ISSN	1531-0043
ISSN	1531-0043
DOI	10.1055/s-0036-1580722
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Article ; Online: Sampling error in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is associated with delay to surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Johnson, Garrett G R J / Hershorn, Olivia / Singh, Harminder / Park, Jason / Helewa, Ramzi M

Surgical endoscopy

2021 Volume 36, Issue 7, Page(s) 4893–4902

Abstract: Background: Accurate histopathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer is important for treatment decision-making and timely care. The aim of this study was to measure rates and predictors of sampling errors for biopsy specimens attained at flexible lower ... ...

Abstract	Background: Accurate histopathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer is important for treatment decision-making and timely care. The aim of this study was to measure rates and predictors of sampling errors for biopsy specimens attained at flexible lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, and to determine whether these events lead to a delay in surgical care. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent elective resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma between January 2007 and June 2020. Primary outcomes were proportion of incorrectly diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinomas at index endoscopy by histopathology, and time between endoscopy and surgery. Secondary outcomes were predictors of sampling error, and diagnostic yield of repeat endoscopy. Results: Sampling errors occurred in 217/962 (22.6%) flexible endoscopies for colorectal adenocarcinomas. Negative biopsies were associated with a longer median time to surgery (87.6 days, IQR 48.8-180.0) compared to true positive biopsies (64.0 days, IQR 38.0-119.0), p < 0.001. Controlling for lesion location, neoadjuvant therapy, endoscopist specialty, year, and repeat endoscopies, time to surgery remained 1.40-fold longer (p < 0.001) following sampling error. Repeat endoscopy occurred following 62/217 (28.6%) cases of sampling errors, yielding a correct diagnosis of cancer in 38/62 (61.3%) cases. On multivariable analysis, sampling errors were less likely to occur for lesions endoscopists described as suspicious for malignancy (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.07-0.21) or simple polyps (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.70) compared to endoscopically unresectable polyps. Conclusions: Colorectal cancers are frequently improperly sampled, which may lead to treatment delays for these patients. When cancer is suspected, surgeons should take care to ensure timely management.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis ; Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Selection Bias
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639039-0
ISSN	1432-2218 ; 0930-2794
ISSN (online)	1432-2218
ISSN	0930-2794
DOI	10.1007/s00464-021-08841-z
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