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  1. Article: The mouse dorsal peduncular cortex encodes fear memory.

    Cardoso, Rodrigo Campos / Desa, Zephyr R / Fitzgerald, Brianna L / Moore, Alana / Duhon, Jace / Landar, Victoria A / Clem, Roger L / Cummings, Kirstie A

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a locus for both the promotion and suppression (e.g. extinction) of fear and is composed of four anatomically distinct subregions, including anterior cingulate 1 (Cg1), prelimbic (PL), infralimbic (IL), and ... ...

    Abstract The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a locus for both the promotion and suppression (e.g. extinction) of fear and is composed of four anatomically distinct subregions, including anterior cingulate 1 (Cg1), prelimbic (PL), infralimbic (IL), and the dorsal peduncular (DP) cortex. A vast majority of studies have focused on Cg1, PL, and IL. The Cg1 and PL have been implicated in the promotion of fear, while the IL has been linked to a role in the suppression, or extinction, of fear. Due to its anatomical location ventral to IL, the DP has been hypothesized to function as a fear-suppressing brain region however, no studies have explicitly tested its role in this function or in the regulation of memory generally. Moreover, some studies have pointed towards a dichotomous role for ventral mPFC in the dual suppression and promotion of fear, but the mechanisms underlying these opposing observations remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that the DP paradoxically functions as a cued fear-encoding brain region and plays little to no role in fear memory extinction. By using a combination of cFos immunohistochemistry, whole-cell brain slice electrophysiology, fiber photometry, and activity-dependent neural tagging, we demonstrate that DP neurons exhibit learning-related plasticity, acquire cue-associated activity across learning and memory retrieval, and that DP neurons activated by learning are preferentially reactivated upon fear memory retrieval. Further, optogenetic activation and silencing of fear learning-related DP neural ensembles drives the promotion and suppression of freezing, respectively. Overall, these data suggest that the DP plays an unexpected role in fear memory encoding. More broadly, our results reveal new principles of organization across the dorsoventral axis of the mPFC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.07.24.550408
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith Ethnomedicinal Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review.

    Joffry, S Mohd / Yob, N J / Rofiee, M S / Affandi, M M R Meor Mohd / Suhaili, Z / Othman, F / Akim, A Md / Desa, M N M / Zakaria, Z A

    Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

    2011  Volume 2012, Page(s) 258434

    Abstract: Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomataceae) is one of the 22 species found in the Southeast Asian ...

    Abstract Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomataceae) is one of the 22 species found in the Southeast Asian region, including Malaysia. Considered as native to tropical and temperate Asia and the Pacific Islands, this commonly found small shrub has gained herbal status in the Malay folklore belief as well as the Indian, Chinese, and Indonesian folk medicines. Ethnopharmacologically, the leaves, shoots, barks, seeds, and roots of M. malabathricum have been used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, cuts and wounds, toothache, and stomachache. Scientific findings also revealed the wide pharmacological actions of various parts of M. malabthricum, such as antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Various types of phytochemical constituents have also been isolated and identifed from different parts of M. malabathricum. Thus, the aim of the present review is to present comprehensive information on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of M. malabathricum.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-12-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2171158-6
    ISSN 1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
    ISSN (online) 1741-4288
    ISSN 1741-427X
    DOI 10.1155/2012/258434
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The mouse dorsal peduncular cortex encodes fear memory.

    Campos-Cardoso, Rodrigo / Desa, Zephyr R / Fitzgerald, Brianna L / Moore, Alana G / Duhon, Jace L / Landar, Victoria A / Clem, Roger L / Cummings, Kirstie A

    Cell reports

    2024  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 114097

    Abstract: The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is functionally organized across the dorsoventral axis, where dorsal and ventral subregions promote and suppress fear, respectively. As the ventral-most subregion, the dorsal peduncular cortex (DP) is ... ...

    Abstract The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is functionally organized across the dorsoventral axis, where dorsal and ventral subregions promote and suppress fear, respectively. As the ventral-most subregion, the dorsal peduncular cortex (DP) is hypothesized to function in fear suppression. However, this role has not been explicitly tested. Here, we demonstrate that the DP paradoxically functions as a fear-encoding brain region and plays a minimal role in fear suppression. By using multimodal analyses, we demonstrate that DP neurons exhibit fear-learning-related plasticity and acquire cue-associated activity across learning and memory retrieval and that DP neurons activated by fear memory acquisition are preferentially reactivated upon fear memory retrieval. Further, optogenetic activation and silencing of DP fear-related neural ensembles drive the promotion and suppression of freezing, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that the DP plays a role in fear memory encoding. Moreover, our findings redefine our understanding of the functional organization of the rodent mPFC.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Fear/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Mice ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology ; Optogenetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114097
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Sejroe Serovar Hardjo in Dairy Farms in and around Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

    Desa, Garoma / Deneke, Yosef / Begna, Feyissa / Tolosa, Tadele

    Veterinary medicine international. 2021 Sept. 20, v. 2021

    2021  

    Abstract: ... serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo). Furthermore, information was gathered on individual animal and ... to detect antibody against L. hardjo. Out of 384 animal’s sera, 94 animals were seropositive against L ... for L. hardjo. The overall seroprevalence of leptospirosis caused by L. hardjo was 24.48% (95% CI: 20.18 ...

    Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted on selected dairy farms in and around Jimma town, Oromia, southwestern Ethiopia from November 2019 to May 2020 to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo). Furthermore, information was gathered on individual animal and herd level by using pretested semistructured questionnaire to assess associated risk factors. A stratified and simple random sampling procedure was used for the selection of dairy farms and individual animal’s, respectively. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) was used in this study to detect antibody against L. hardjo. Out of 384 animal’s sera, 94 animals were seropositive against L. hardjo antibodies. From 77 dairy farms selected for the study, 57 of them were distinguished as positive for L. hardjo. The overall seroprevalence of leptospirosis caused by L. hardjo was 24.48% (95% CI: 20.18%–28.78%) and 74.03% (95% CI: 64.23%–83.82%) at individual animal and farm level, respectively. The result of multilogistic regression analysis revealed that management system (p < 0.05; OR = 4.25 (95% CI: 2.31–7.82)), hygienic status of the farm (p < 0.05; OR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.20–0.61)), age of animals (p < 0.05; OR = 8.30 (95% CI: 1.87–36.89)), history of abortion (p < 0.05; OR = 8.37 (95% CI: 1.73–40.42)), herd size (p < 0.05; OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.17–4.61)), and access of rodents to the farm (p < 0.05; OR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.03–0.86)) were significantly associated with the occurrence of L. hardjo infection. However, breed, parity, and introduction of new animals to the farm were insignificantly associated (p > 0.05). Management system of the animal, hygienic status of the farm, herd size, age of animals, previous history of abortion, and access of rodents to the farm were identified as potential risk factors of L. hardjo disease occurrence. Thus, limiting rodents contact with cattle and their feed and water as well as good sanitary practices and husbandry management should be undertaken.
    Keywords antibodies ; cattle ; cross-sectional studies ; disease occurrence ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; farms ; herd size ; hygiene ; leptospirosis ; management systems ; questionnaires ; regression analysis ; seroprevalence ; serotypes ; veterinary medicine ; Ethiopia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0920
    Publishing place Hindawi
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2536385-2
    ISSN 2042-0048
    ISSN 2042-0048
    DOI 10.1155/2021/6061685
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: An insight into clinicians' practices in breaking bad news of oral cancer diagnosis.

    Mohd Desa, S N F / Doss, J G / Kadir, K / Ch'ng, L L / Kok, T C / Jelon, M A / Yahya, M R / Parumo, R / Chong, S M Y / Shim, C K

    International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Communication is an integral component of effective healthcare delivery to patients, and this includes breaking bad news (BBN). However, clinicians in dentistry are rarely exposed to diseases that can negatively and seriously affect an individual's view ... ...

    Abstract Communication is an integral component of effective healthcare delivery to patients, and this includes breaking bad news (BBN). However, clinicians in dentistry are rarely exposed to diseases that can negatively and seriously affect an individual's view of their future and pose a mortality risk, except for oral cancer. The aim of this study was to assess clinician practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis in Malaysia. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study design was used. A qualitative study was conducted among 12 clinicians to gather relevant information regarding their practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis using a descriptive-interpretive approach. The themes that emerged were preparation for BBN, BBN setting, communication, emotional aspects, and summarizing the session. These themes were used to develop a questionnaire with 34 items. In the quantitative study, this questionnaire was sent to 87 clinicians who had experienced BBN of oral cancer diagnosis in the past 5 years; the response rate was 100%. An arbitrary cut-off score between the third and fourth quartiles was set to distinguish 'good' and 'poor' practice in BBN among the clinicians. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0. Overall, at least two-thirds of the clinicians had good practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis. The clinicians' designation (oral and maxillofacial surgery consultant/specialist vs dental officer) and BBN experiences were factors associated with their practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 353721-3
    ISSN 1399-0020 ; 0901-5027
    ISSN (online) 1399-0020
    ISSN 0901-5027
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.03.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith Ethnomedicinal Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Properties

    S. Mohd. Joffry / N. J. Yob / M. S. Rofiee / M. M. R. Meor Mohd. Affandi / Z. Suhaili / F. Othman / A. Md. Akim / M. N. M. Desa / Z. A. Zakaria

    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

    A Review

    2012  Volume 2012

    Abstract: Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomataceae) is one of the 22 species found in the Southeast Asian ...

    Abstract Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomataceae) is one of the 22 species found in the Southeast Asian region, including Malaysia. Considered as native to tropical and temperate Asia and the Pacific Islands, this commonly found small shrub has gained herbal status in the Malay folklore belief as well as the Indian, Chinese, and Indonesian folk medicines. Ethnopharmacologically, the leaves, shoots, barks, seeds, and roots of M. malabathricum have been used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, cuts and wounds, toothache, and stomachache. Scientific findings also revealed the wide pharmacological actions of various parts of M. malabthricum, such as antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Various types of phytochemical constituents have also been isolated and identifed from different parts of M. malabathricum. Thus, the aim of the present review is to present comprehensive information on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of M. malabathricum.
    Keywords Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
    Subject code 950
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Sejroe Serovar Hardjo in Dairy Farms in and around Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

    Garoma Desa / Yosef Deneke / Feyissa Begna / Tadele Tolosa

    Veterinary Medicine International, Vol

    2021  Volume 2021

    Abstract: ... serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo). Furthermore, information was gathered on individual animal and ... to detect antibody against L. hardjo. Out of 384 animal’s sera, 94 animals were seropositive against L ... for L. hardjo. The overall seroprevalence of leptospirosis caused by L. hardjo was 24.48% (95% CI: 20.18 ...

    Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted on selected dairy farms in and around Jimma town, Oromia, southwestern Ethiopia from November 2019 to May 2020 to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo). Furthermore, information was gathered on individual animal and herd level by using pretested semistructured questionnaire to assess associated risk factors. A stratified and simple random sampling procedure was used for the selection of dairy farms and individual animal’s, respectively. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) was used in this study to detect antibody against L. hardjo. Out of 384 animal’s sera, 94 animals were seropositive against L. hardjo antibodies. From 77 dairy farms selected for the study, 57 of them were distinguished as positive for L. hardjo. The overall seroprevalence of leptospirosis caused by L. hardjo was 24.48% (95% CI: 20.18%–28.78%) and 74.03% (95% CI: 64.23%–83.82%) at individual animal and farm level, respectively. The result of multilogistic regression analysis revealed that management system (p < 0.05; OR = 4.25 (95% CI: 2.31–7.82)), hygienic status of the farm (p < 0.05; OR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.20–0.61)), age of animals (p < 0.05; OR = 8.30 (95% CI: 1.87–36.89)), history of abortion (p < 0.05; OR = 8.37 (95% CI: 1.73–40.42)), herd size (p < 0.05; OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.17–4.61)), and access of rodents to the farm (p < 0.05; OR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.03–0.86)) were significantly associated with the occurrence of L. hardjo infection. However, breed, parity, and introduction of new animals to the farm were insignificantly associated (p > 0.05). Management system of the animal, hygienic status of the farm, herd size, age of animals, previous history of abortion, and access of rodents to the farm were identified as potential risk factors of L. hardjo disease occurrence. Thus, limiting rodents contact with cattle and their feed and water as well as good sanitary practices and husbandry management should be ...
    Keywords Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Mechanisms of Blood Brain Barrier Disruption by Different Types of Bacteria, and Bacterial-Host Interactions Facilitate the Bacterial Pathogen Invading the Brain.

    Al-Obaidi, Mazen M Jamil / Desa, Mohd Nasir Mohd

    Cellular and molecular neurobiology

    2018  Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1349–1368

    Abstract: ... receptors E-cadherin and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) to facilitate invading the brain. L ...

    Abstract This review aims to elucidate the different mechanisms of blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption that may occur due to invasion by different types of bacteria, as well as to show the bacteria-host interactions that assist the bacterial pathogen in invading the brain. For example, platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is responsible for brain invasion during the adhesion of pneumococci to brain endothelial cells, which might lead to brain invasion. Additionally, the major adhesin of the pneumococcal pilus-1, RrgA is able to bind the BBB endothelial receptors: polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), thus leading to invasion of the brain. Moreover, Streptococcus pneumoniae choline binding protein A (CbpA) targets the common carboxy-terminal domain of the laminin receptor (LR) establishing initial contact with brain endothelium that might result in BBB invasion. Furthermore, BBB disruption may occur by S. pneumoniae penetration through increasing in pro-inflammatory markers and endothelial permeability. In contrast, adhesion, invasion, and translocation through or between endothelial cells can be done by S. pneumoniae without any disruption to the vascular endothelium, upon BBB penetration. Internalins (InlA and InlB) of Listeria monocytogenes interact with its cellular receptors E-cadherin and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) to facilitate invading the brain. L. monocytogenes species activate NF-κB in endothelial cells, encouraging the expression of P- and E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), as well as IL-6 and IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), all these markers assist in BBB disruption. Bacillus anthracis species interrupt both adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs), leading to BBB disruption. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) permeability and BBB disruption are induced via interendothelial junction proteins reduction as well as up-regulation of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 alpha (MIP1α) markers in Staphylococcus aureus species. Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus toxins (GBS) enhance IL-8 and ICAM-1 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production from endothelial cells via the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enhancement, resulting in BBB disruption. While Gram-negative bacteria, Haemophilus influenza OmpP2 is able to target the common carboxy-terminal domain of LR to start initial interaction with brain endothelium, then invade the brain. H. influenza type b (HiB), can induce BBB permeability through TJ disruption. LR and PAFR binding sites have been recognized as common routes of CNS entrance by Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis species also initiate binding to BMECs and induces AJs deformation, as well as inducing specific cleavage of the TJ component occludin through the release of host MMP-8. Escherichia coli bind to BMECs through LR, resulting in IL-6 and IL-8 release and iNOS production, as well as resulting in disassembly of TJs between endothelial cells, facilitating BBB disruption. Therefore, obtaining knowledge of BBB disruption by different types of bacterial species will provide a picture of how the bacteria enter the central nervous system (CNS) which might support the discovery of therapeutic strategies for each bacteria to control and manage infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacteria/pathogenicity ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/microbiology ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/microbiology ; Capillary Permeability/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/microbiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 283404-2
    ISSN 1573-6830 ; 0272-4340
    ISSN (online) 1573-6830
    ISSN 0272-4340
    DOI 10.1007/s10571-018-0609-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging Reveals Changes in Breast Tumor Collagen Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

    Desa, Danielle E / Wu, Wencheng / Brown, Robert M / Brown, Edward B / Hill, Robert L / Turner, Bradley M

    Cancers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 4

    Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, with most deaths attributed to metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may be prescribed prior to surgical removal of the tumor for subsets of breast cancer patients but can have diverse ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, with most deaths attributed to metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may be prescribed prior to surgical removal of the tumor for subsets of breast cancer patients but can have diverse undesired and off-target effects, including the increased appearance of the 'tumor microenvironment of metastasis', image-based multicellular signatures that are prognostic of breast tumor metastasis. To assess whether NACT can induce changes in two other image-based prognostic/predictive signatures derived from tumor collagen, we quantified second-harmonic generation (SHG) directionality and fiber alignment in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of core needle biopsies and primary tumor excisions from 22 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing (HER2+) and 22 triple-negative breast cancers. In both subtypes, we found that SHG directionality (i.e., the forward-to-backward scattering ratio, or F/B) is increased by NACT in the bulk of the tumor, but not the adjacent tumor-stroma interface. Overall collagen fiber alignment is increased by NACT in triple-negative but not HER2+ breast tumors. These results suggest that NACT impacts the collagenous extracellular matrix in a complex and subtype-specific manner, with some prognostic features being unchanged while others are altered in a manner suggestive of a more metastatic phenotype.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers14040857
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Drishtee

    Desa, Geoff / Koch, James L

    The international journal of entrepreneurship and innovation Vol. 16, No. 4 , p. 291-307

    balancing social mission and financial sustainability in rural India

    2015  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 291–307

    Author's details Geoff Desa and James L. Koch
    Keywords scaling social impact ; depth scale ; founding conditions ; business model ; institutional pressure
    Language English
    Publisher IP Publ
    Publishing place London
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2006757-4
    ISSN 1465-7503
    Database ECONomics Information System

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