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Article ; Online: Domestic pigs are susceptible to experimental infection with non-human primate-derived Reston virus without the need for adaptation.

Lewis, Charles E / Pinette, Mathieu M / Lakin, Steven M / Smith, Greg / Fisher, Mathew / Moffat, Estella / Embury-Hyatt, Carissa / Pickering, Brad S

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 715

Abstract: Domestic pigs are a critical component of the food supply and one of the most commonly raised production animals. Pork consumption has driven the intensification of pig production expanding into environments conducive to increased emergence and spread of ...

Abstract	Domestic pigs are a critical component of the food supply and one of the most commonly raised production animals. Pork consumption has driven the intensification of pig production expanding into environments conducive to increased emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including the spillover of pathogens into human populations. One of these emerging viruses, Reston virus (RESTV), is an enigma among the Orthoebolavirus genus in that its lack of human pathogenicity is in stark contrast to the high virulence associated with most other ebolaviruses. RESTV is, however, associated with outbreaks of highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in non-human primates (NHP), as well as poorly understood clinical manifestations of mixed virulence and lethality in naturally and experimentally infected domestic pigs. Our results show it is possible for RESTV derived from an NHP to infect domestic pigs resulting in a spectrum of disease, from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress. Further, we report on the first experimental transmission of RESTV between infected pigs and a co-housed, naïve animal, as well as the first report of the successful use of group oral fluids for the detection of RESTV RNA and virus-specific IgA antibodies.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Sus scrofa ; Hemorrhagic Disorders ; Immunoglobulin A ; Primates
Chemical Substances	Reston (80399-57-1) ; Immunoglobulin A
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-51280-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Domestic pigs are susceptible to experimental infection with non-human primate-derived Reston virus without the need for adaptation

Charles E. Lewis / Mathieu M. Pinette / Steven M. Lakin / Greg Smith / Mathew Fisher / Estella Moffat / Carissa Embury-Hyatt / Brad S. Pickering

Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 16

Abstract: Abstract Domestic pigs are a critical component of the food supply and one of the most commonly raised production animals. Pork consumption has driven the intensification of pig production expanding into environments conducive to increased emergence and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Domestic pigs are a critical component of the food supply and one of the most commonly raised production animals. Pork consumption has driven the intensification of pig production expanding into environments conducive to increased emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including the spillover of pathogens into human populations. One of these emerging viruses, Reston virus (RESTV), is an enigma among the Orthoebolavirus genus in that its lack of human pathogenicity is in stark contrast to the high virulence associated with most other ebolaviruses. RESTV is, however, associated with outbreaks of highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in non-human primates (NHP), as well as poorly understood clinical manifestations of mixed virulence and lethality in naturally and experimentally infected domestic pigs. Our results show it is possible for RESTV derived from an NHP to infect domestic pigs resulting in a spectrum of disease, from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress. Further, we report on the first experimental transmission of RESTV between infected pigs and a co-housed, naïve animal, as well as the first report of the successful use of group oral fluids for the detection of RESTV RNA and virus-specific IgA antibodies.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from the initial cases of domestic cat infections in Canada.

Sultana, Asma / Bienzle, Dorothee / Weese, Scott / Pickering, Brad / Kruczkiewicz, Peter / Smith, Greg / Pinette, Mathieu / Lung, Oliver

Microbiology resource announcements

2024 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) e0129523

Abstract: Two cat nasal swabs from Canada's earliest confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive domestic cats were sequenced to over 99% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage. One cat had lineage A.23.1 SARS-CoV-2 not reported before in animals. Both sequences have multiple spike gene ... ...

Abstract	Two cat nasal swabs from Canada's earliest confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive domestic cats were sequenced to over 99% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage. One cat had lineage A.23.1 SARS-CoV-2 not reported before in animals. Both sequences have multiple spike gene mutations and clustered closely with human-derived sequences in the global SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-098X
ISSN (online)	2576-098X
DOI	10.1128/mra.01295-23
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Article: Treatment with Ad5-Porcine Interferon-α Attenuates Ebolavirus Disease in Pigs.

Senthilkumaran, Chandrika / Kroeker, Andrea L / Smith, Gregory / Embury-Hyatt, Carissa / Collignon, Brad / Ramirez-Medina, Elizabeth / Azzinaro, Paul A / Pickering, Bradley S / Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna / Weingartl, Hana M / de Los Santos, Teresa

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: Under experimental conditions, pigs infected with Ebola Virus (EBOV) develop disease and can readily transmit the virus to non-human primates or pigs. In the event of accidental or intentional EBOV infection of domestic pigs, complex and time-consuming ... ...

Abstract	Under experimental conditions, pigs infected with Ebola Virus (EBOV) develop disease and can readily transmit the virus to non-human primates or pigs. In the event of accidental or intentional EBOV infection of domestic pigs, complex and time-consuming safe depopulation and carcass disposal are expected. Delaying or preventing transmission through a reduction in viral shedding is an absolute necessity to limit the spread of the virus. In this study, we tested whether porcine interferon-α or λ3 (porIFNα or porIFNλ3) delivered by a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus vector (Ad5-porIFNα or Ad5-porIFNλ3) could limit EBOV replication and shedding in domestic pigs. Our results show that pigs pre-treated with Ad5-porIFNα did not develop measurable clinical signs, did not shed virus RNA, and displayed strongly reduced viral RNA load in tissues. A microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that Ad5-porIFNα treatment led to clear upregulation in immune and inflammatory responses probably involved in protection against disease. Our results indicate that administration of Ad5-porIFNα can potentially be used to limit the spread of EBOV in pigs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11040449
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Article ; Online: Susceptibility of Domestic Swine to Experimental Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Brad S. Pickering / Greg Smith / Mathieu M. Pinette / Carissa Embury-Hyatt / Estella Moffat / Peter Marszal / Charles E. Lewis

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 104-

2021 Volume 112

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent that causes coronavirus disease, has been shown to infect several species. The role of domestic livestock and associated risks for humans in close contact with food production ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent that causes coronavirus disease, has been shown to infect several species. The role of domestic livestock and associated risks for humans in close contact with food production animals remains unknown for many species. Determining the susceptibility of pigs to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to a One Health approach to manage potential risk for zoonotic transmission. We found that pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 after oronasal inoculation. Among 16 animals, we detected viral RNA in group oral fluids and in nasal wash from 2 pigs, but live virus was isolated from only 1 pig. Antibodies also were detected in only 2 animals at 11 and 13 days postinoculation but were detected in oral fluid samples at 6 days postinoculation, indicating antibody secretion. These data highlight the need for additional livestock assessment to determine the potential role of domestic animals in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Keywords	respiratory infections ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus disease ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet): Report of a workshop on live animal handling.

Pickering, Brad S / Spengler, Jessica R / Shadabi, Elnaz / Dalziel, Antonia E / Lautner, Elizabeth A / Silva, Primal

Antiviral research

2019 Volume 172, Page(s) 104640

Abstract: The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet) was established in 2016, to provide a means of communication and support for the global high-containment laboratory community. Its working groups focus on international response, institutional ... ...

Abstract	The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet) was established in 2016, to provide a means of communication and support for the global high-containment laboratory community. Its working groups focus on international response, institutional cooperation and knowledge sharing, scientific excellence and training. In the latter role, BSL4ZNet sponsored its first international workshop in February 2018, held at the USDA National Centers for Animal Health, Ames, Iowa, USA, focused on necropsy procedures in high-containment laboratories. A second workshop, in November 2018, was held at the National Microbiology Laboratories (CFIA/PHAC) in Winnipeg, Canada, and focused on decontamination. A third workshop, held at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory in Geelong, Australia, in February 2019, was devoted to handling methods and ethical concerns for live animals in high-containment laboratories. The third workshop brought together 12 laboratorians from seven partner organizations in Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. It included both discussion-based and hands-on training sessions on animal welfare, animal models, site-specific infrastructure constraints, health monitoring and humane endpoints, sampling procedures, and carcass disposal. This report summarizes the inception, development, and structure of the BSL4ZNet, and highlights the aims and results of the Geelong workshop.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia/methods ; Animals ; Australia ; Containment of Biohazards/ethics ; Containment of Biohazards/methods ; Containment of Biohazards/trends ; Education ; Ferrets ; Humans ; Laboratories/organization & administration ; Models, Animal ; Swine
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104640
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Zs.A 1627: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Treatment with Ad5-Porcine Interferon-α Attenuates Ebolavirus Disease in Pigs

Chandrika Senthilkumaran / Andrea L. Kroeker / Gregory Smith / Carissa Embury-Hyatt / Brad Collignon / Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina / Paul A. Azzinaro / Bradley S. Pickering / Fayna Diaz-San Segundo / Hana M. Weingartl / Teresa de los Santos

Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 449, p

2022 Volume 449

Abstract	Under experimental conditions, pigs infected with Ebola Virus (EBOV) develop disease and can readily transmit the virus to non-human primates or pigs. In the event of accidental or intentional EBOV infection of domestic pigs, complex and time-consuming safe depopulation and carcass disposal are expected. Delaying or preventing transmission through a reduction in viral shedding is an absolute necessity to limit the spread of the virus. In this study, we tested whether porcine interferon-α or λ3 (porIFNα or porIFNλ3) delivered by a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus vector (Ad5-porIFNα or Ad5-porIFNλ3) could limit EBOV replication and shedding in domestic pigs. Our results show that pigs pre-treated with Ad5-porIFNα did not develop measurable clinical signs, did not shed virus RNA, and displayed strongly reduced viral RNA load in tissues. A microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that Ad5-porIFNα treatment led to clear upregulation in immune and inflammatory responses probably involved in protection against disease. Our results indicate that administration of Ad5-porIFNα can potentially be used to limit the spread of EBOV in pigs.
Keywords	ebola virus ; swine ; adenovirus ; interferon alpha ; interferon lambda ; IFN ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Susceptibility of Domestic Swine to Experimental Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Pickering, Brad S / Smith, Greg / Pinette, Mathieu M / Embury-Hyatt, Carissa / Moffat, Estella / Marszal, Peter / Lewis, Charles E

Emerging infectious diseases

2020 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–112

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent that causes coronavirus disease, has been shown to infect several species. The role of domestic livestock and associated risks for humans in close contact with food production animals remains unknown for many species. Determining the susceptibility of pigs to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to a One Health approach to manage potential risk for zoonotic transmission. We found that pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 after oronasal inoculation. Among 16 animals, we detected viral RNA in group oral fluids and in nasal wash from 2 pigs, but live virus was isolated from only 1 pig. Antibodies also were detected in only 2 animals at 11 and 13 days postinoculation but were detected in oral fluid samples at 6 days postinoculation, indicating antibody secretion. These data highlight the need for additional livestock assessment to determine the potential role of domestic animals in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Susceptibility/veterinary ; Female ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Male ; Mouth/virology ; Nasal Cavity/virology ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Rectum/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Swine ; Virus Shedding
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2701.203399
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Zs.A 4778: Show issues

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Article: Evaluation of a Combined Live Attenuated Vaccine against Lumpy Skin Disease, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia and Rift Valley Fever.

Bamouh, Zohra / Elarkam, Amal / Elmejdoub, Soufiane / Hamdi, Jihane / Boumart, Zineb / Smith, Greg / Suderman, Matthew / Teffera, Mahder / Wesonga, Hezron / Wilson, Stephen / Watts, Douglas M / Babiuk, Shawn / Pickering, Brad / Elharrak, Mehdi

Vaccines

2024 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: The use of effective vaccines is among the most important strategies for the prevention and progressive control of transboundary infectious animal diseases. However, the use of vaccine is often impeded by the cost, a lack of cold chains and other factors. ...

Abstract	The use of effective vaccines is among the most important strategies for the prevention and progressive control of transboundary infectious animal diseases. However, the use of vaccine is often impeded by the cost, a lack of cold chains and other factors. In resource-limited countries in Africa, one approach to improve coverage and reduce cost is to vaccinate against multiple diseases using combined vaccines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate a combined vaccine for the prevention and control of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Rift Valley fever (RVF). The LSD and CBPP were formulated as a combined vaccine, and the RVF was formulated separately as live attenuated vaccines. These consisted of a Mycoplasma MmmSC T1/44 strain that was propagated in Hayflick-modified medium, RVF virus vaccine, C13T strain prepared in African green monkey cells (Vero), and the LSDV Neethling vaccine strain prepared in primary testis cells. The vaccines were tested for safety via the subcutaneous route in both young calves and pregnant heifers with no side effect, abortion or teratogenicity. The vaccination of calves induced seroconversions for all three vaccines starting from day 7 post-vaccination (PV), with rates of 50% for LSD, 70% for CBPP and 100% for RVF, or rates similar to those obtained with monovalent vaccines. The challenge of cattle vaccinated with the LSD/CBPP and the RVF vaccine afforded full protection against virulent strains of LSDV and RVFV. A satisfactory level of protection against a CBPP challenge was observed, with 50% of protection at 6 months and 81% at 13 months PV. A mass vaccination trial was performed in four regions of Burkina Faso that confirmed safety and specific antibody responses induced by the vaccines. The multivalent LSD/CBPP+RVF vaccine provides a novel and beneficial approach to the control of the three diseases through one intervention and, therefore, reduces the cost and improves vaccination coverage.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines12030302
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Article ; Online: The twin arginine transport system appears to be essential for viability in Sinorhizobium meliloti.

Pickering, Brad S / Oresnik, Ivan J

Journal of bacteriology

2010 Volume 192, Issue 19, Page(s) 5173–5180

Abstract: ... arginine transport system of S. meliloti appears to be essential for viability under all the conditions ...

Abstract	The twin arginine transport (Tat) system is responsible for transporting prefolded proteins to the periplasmic space. The Tat pathway has been implicated in many bacterial cellular functions, including motility, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis and symbiosis. Since the annotation of Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021 genome suggests that there may be up to 94 putative Tat substrates, we hypothesized that characterizing the twin arginine transport system in this organism might yield unique data that could help in the understanding of twin arginine transport. To initiate this work we attempted a targeted mutagenesis of the tat locus. Despite repeated attempts using a number of different types of media, the attempts at mutation construction were unsuccessful unless the experiment was carried out in a strain that was merodiploid for tatABC. In addition, it was shown that a plasmid carrying tatABC was stable in the absence of antibiotic selection in a tat deletion background. Finally, fluorescence microscopy and live/dead assays of these cultures show a high proportion of dead and irregularly shaped cells, suggesting that the loss of tatABC is inversely correlated with viability. Taken together, the results of this work provide evidence that the twin arginine transport system of S. meliloti appears to be essential for viability under all the conditions that we had tested.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/genetics ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Membrane Transport Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/JB.00206-10
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