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  1. Article ; Online: Rabies importation in dogs and reduction of waiting period - The fear for scientifically justified changes.

    Müller, Thomas / Wallace, Ryan M / Freuling, Conrad M

    Vaccine

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 1855–1859

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dogs ; Rabies/prevention & control ; Rabies/veterinary ; Quarantine ; Dog Diseases/prevention & control ; Fear ; Rabies Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Rabies Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.077
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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  2. Book ; Online: WOAH Reference Laboratory Reports Activities

    Müller, Thomas / Freuling, Conrad M.

    Rabies: Activities in 2022

    2023  

    Keywords Text ; ddc:610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: From Field Tests to Molecular Tools-Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia.

    Freuling, Conrad M / van der Westhuizen, Jolandie / Khaiseb, Siegfried / Tenzin, Tenzin / Müller, Thomas

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 2

    Abstract: Rabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control ... ...

    Abstract Rabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control rabies and the country's activities are supported by international organizations. To this end, rabies diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) was improved in the frame of a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) laboratory twinning program: from practical sampling techniques and the use of lateral flow devices to a novel universal and discriminatory quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which easily identify dog-associated rabies viruses. The procedures applied and the results can be used as a template to improve rabies laboratory diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Rabies/diagnosis ; Rabies/epidemiology ; Rabies/prevention & control ; Namibia/epidemiology ; Rabies virus/genetics ; Animals, Wild ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15020371
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Vaccine-induced Rabies in a Red Fox in Poland.

    Smreczak, Marcin / Orłowska, Anna / Müller, Thomas / Freuling, Conrad M / Kawiak-Sadurska, Magdalena / Trębas, Paweł

    Journal of veterinary research

    2022  Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 473–477

    Abstract: Introduction: Rabies as a zoonosis threatens public health worldwide. Several thousand people die each year of infections by the rabies virus (RABV). Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife was successfully implemented in many European countries and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Rabies as a zoonosis threatens public health worldwide. Several thousand people die each year of infections by the rabies virus (RABV). Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife was successfully implemented in many European countries and led to rabies being brought under control there. In Poland, ORV was introduced in 1993 using vaccines containing an attenuated strain of the rabies virus. However, attenuated rabies viruses may have residual pathogenicity and cause the disease in target and non-target animals.
    Material and methods: A red fox carcass was tested as part of national rabies surveillance, and its brain was screened for RABV infection using two conjugates and a fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The rabies virus was isolated in mouse neuroblastoma cells by rabies tissue culture infection test (RTCIT), and viral RNA was detected by heminested reverse transcriptase PCR (hnRT-PCR) as well as by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-qPCR). An amplicon of 600 bp was subjected to Sanger sequencing. To differentiate between vaccine and field RABV strains, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the Dra I, Msp I, Nla IV and Mbo II restriction endonucleases was performed.
    Results: The rabies virus was detected in the fox's brain using FAT, RTCIT and molecular tests. The PCR-RFLP revealed of vaccine-induced rabies, and full-length genome analysis showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity of the isolate with the reference sequences of Street Alabama Dufferin Bern (SAD Bern) vaccine strains and other vaccine-induced rabies virus isolates detected in animals and deposited in GenBank.
    Conclusion: We detected vaccine-induced rabies for the first time in Poland in a fox during routine rabies surveillance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-15
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2855010-9
    ISSN 2450-8608 ; 2450-7393
    ISSN (online) 2450-8608
    ISSN 2450-7393
    DOI 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0065
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Emergency response using oral rabies vaccination of dogs -field data from Namibia demonstrate high efficiency.

    Freuling, Conrad M / Busch, Frank / Shikongo, Mainelo Beatrice / Silume, Nzwana / van der Westhuizen, Jolandie / Khaiseb, Siegfried / Shilongo, Albertina / Müller, Thomas

    One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 100562

    Abstract: Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging for various reasons. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely ...

    Abstract Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging for various reasons. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. While oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs is primarily considered a tool to increase herd immunity, particularly by targeting free-roaming and stray dogs, here, we are showcasing an ORV-only approach as an emergency response model. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavored bait, we assessed the effectiveness and vaccination under field conditions in the Zambezi region of Namibia. During this trial, with four teams and within four working days, 3097 dogs were offered a bait, of which 88,0% were considered vaccinated. Teams managed to vaccinate, on average, over 20 dogs/h, despite using a door-to-door vaccination approach. The favorable results both in terms of bait acceptance and successful vaccination as well as field applicability and effectiveness further support the great potential of ORV in dog rabies control programmes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834831-X
    ISSN 2352-7714
    ISSN 2352-7714
    DOI 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100562
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  6. Article ; Online: Vaccine-induced rabies in a red fox in Poland

    Smreczak Marcin / Orłowska Anna / Müller Thomas / Freuling Conrad M. / Kawiak-Sadurska Magdalena / Trębas Paweł

    Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 66, Iss 4, Pp 473-

    2022  Volume 477

    Abstract: Rabies as a zoonosis threatens public health worldwide. Several thousand people die each year of infections by the rabies virus (RABV). Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife was successfully implemented in many European countries and led to rabies ... ...

    Abstract Rabies as a zoonosis threatens public health worldwide. Several thousand people die each year of infections by the rabies virus (RABV). Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife was successfully implemented in many European countries and led to rabies being brought under control there. In Poland, ORV was introduced in 1993 using vaccines containing an attenuated strain of the rabies virus. However, attenuated rabies viruses may have residual pathogenicity and cause the disease in target and non-target animals.
    Keywords fox ; rabies ; sad bern ; vaccine-induced rabies ; sequencing ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Sciendo
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: Oral vaccination of dogs against rabies - Recommendations for field application and integration into dog rabies control programmes

    Müller, Thomas / Freuling, Conrad Martin / Vos, Ad / Chipman, Richard / Wallace, Ryan M.

    [Technical Report]

    2023  

    Abstract: This technical report replaces or supersedes issue-related contents in previous WHO foundational documents on oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs. In contrast to the 2007 WHO recommendations, this report will shift focus from the development of ... ...

    Abstract This technical report replaces or supersedes issue-related contents in previous WHO foundational documents on oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs. In contrast to the 2007 WHO recommendations, this report will shift focus from the development of suitable vaccines and baits for dogs towards providing guidance for practical implementation of ORV as a tool integrated into national strategies to control rabies in dog populations. This report therefore mainly addresses basic regulatory considerations for licensing and selection of appropriate oral vaccine candidates, logistics, distribution strategies in the field, communication, activities to be implemented in relation to ORV campaigns, and monitoring of campaigns. It should be emphasized that it is impossible to establish a universally valid and applicable blueprint for the integration of ORV into national strategies for the control of canine rabies. This is not least due to country-specific circumstances, including sociocultural aspects, epidemiological situations, local dog population structures, funding, and available resources. Therefore, countries should use this guiding document to find their own strategic and practical approach.
    Keywords Text ; ddc:630
    Subject code 028
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-30
    Publisher WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Editorial: Rabies, a long-standing One Health example - progress, challenges, lessons and visions on the way to 0 by 30.

    Fahrion, Anna S / Freuling, Conrad M / Léchenne, Monique / Müller, Thomas / Recuenco, Sergio / Vigilato, Marco A N / Busch, Frank / Heitz-Tokpa, Kathrin / Mauti, Stephanie / Muturi, Mathew / Dürr, Salome

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1220327

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2023.1220327
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Emergency response using oral rabies vaccination of dogs –field data from Namibia demonstrate high efficiency

    Conrad M. Freuling / Frank Busch / Mainelo Beatrice Shikongo / Nzwana Silume / Jolandie van der Westhuizen / Siegfried Khaiseb / Albertina Shilongo / Thomas Müller

    One Health, Vol 16, Iss , Pp 100562- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging for various reasons. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely ...

    Abstract Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging for various reasons. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. While oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs is primarily considered a tool to increase herd immunity, particularly by targeting free-roaming and stray dogs, here, we are showcasing an ORV-only approach as an emergency response model. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavored bait, we assessed the effectiveness and vaccination under field conditions in the Zambezi region of Namibia. During this trial, with four teams and within four working days, 3097 dogs were offered a bait, of which 88,0% were considered vaccinated. Teams managed to vaccinate, on average, over 20 dogs/h, despite using a door-to-door vaccination approach.The favorable results both in terms of bait acceptance and successful vaccination as well as field applicability and effectiveness further support the great potential of ORV in dog rabies control programmes.
    Keywords Africa ; Dogs ; Namibia ; Oral vaccination ; Rabies ; SPBN GASGAS ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Computer Vision for Detection of Body Posture and Behavior of Red Foxes.

    Schütz, Anne K / Krause, E Tobias / Fischer, Mareike / Müller, Thomas / Freuling, Conrad M / Conraths, Franz J / Homeier-Bachmann, Timo / Lentz, Hartmut H K

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: The behavior of animals is related to their health and welfare status. The latter plays a particular role in animal experiments, where continuous monitoring is essential for animal welfare. In this study, we focus on red foxes in an experimental setting ... ...

    Abstract The behavior of animals is related to their health and welfare status. The latter plays a particular role in animal experiments, where continuous monitoring is essential for animal welfare. In this study, we focus on red foxes in an experimental setting and study their behavior. Although animal behavior is a complex concept, it can be described as a combination of body posture and activity. To measure body posture and activity, video monitoring can be used as a non-invasive and cost-efficient tool. While it is possible to analyze the video data resulting from the experiment manually, this method is time consuming and costly. We therefore use computer vision to detect and track the animals over several days. The detector is based on a neural network architecture. It is trained to detect red foxes and their body postures, i.e., 'lying', 'sitting', and 'standing'. The trained algorithm has a mean average precision of 99.91%. The combination of activity and posture results in nearly continuous monitoring of animal behavior. Furthermore, the detector is suitable for real-time evaluation. In conclusion, evaluating the behavior of foxes in an experimental setting using computer vision is a powerful tool for cost-efficient real-time monitoring.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani12030233
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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