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Article ; Online: Clinical characteristics of 51815 patients presenting with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 swab results in primary health care settings

Ehab Hamed

Journal of Infection

2020

Abstract: Priority population for COVID-19 vaccination Elderly, Pregnancy and Chronic ... ...

Abstract	Priority population for COVID-19 vaccination Elderly, Pregnancy and Chronic Disease
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Risk factors ; vaccine ; Pregnancy ; Age ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-14
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Caffeine Toxicity Following Ingestion of an Exercise Supplement by a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes.

Hamed, Ehab

European journal of case reports in internal medicine

2018 Volume 5, Issue 10, Page(s) 957

Abstract: We report the case of a patient with type 1 diabetes who developed acute severe diabetic ketoacidosis following ingestion of an energy supplement containing caffeine. Some 95% of the US adult population consume caffeine, and the general perception is ... ...

Abstract	We report the case of a patient with type 1 diabetes who developed acute severe diabetic ketoacidosis following ingestion of an energy supplement containing caffeine. Some 95% of the US adult population consume caffeine, and the general perception is that there are no negative consequences for health. The upper limit of safe consumption is less than 400 mg per day. However, acute ingestion of high doses of caffeine may cause significant metabolic changes that can be fatal. Here the patient consumed a toxic dose of caffeine causing unpleasant and puzzling symptoms, vomiting and, following omission of his long-acting basal insulin, severe diabetic ketoacidosis. As the sports nutrition market continues to expand, providers and manufacturers have a responsibility to give clear and accurate dosing instructions as well as side effect profiles for their products, particularly for diabetic patients. Learning points: The impact of caffeine on blood glucose levels has implications for people with diabetes who may be thinking of consuming supplements containing caffeine.Providers of sports supplements have a responsibility to provide an accurate description of the side effects with a clear warning for diabetic patientsLegislators should review protocols for regulating the sports and nutritional supplements industry.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-24
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2284-2594
ISSN (online)	2284-2594
DOI	10.12890/2018_000957
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Caffeine Toxicity Following Ingestion of an Exercise Supplement by a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes

Ehab Hamed

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine (2018)

2018

Abstract	We report the case of a patient with type 1 diabetes who developed acute severe diabetic ketoacidosis following ingestion of an energy supplement containing caffeine. Some 95% of the US adult population consume caffeine, and the general perception is that there are no negative consequences for health. The upper limit of safe consumption is less than 400 mg per day. However, acute ingestion of high doses of caffeine may cause significant metabolic changes that can be fatal. Here the patient consumed a toxic dose of caffeine causing unpleasant and puzzling symptoms, vomiting and, following omission of his long-acting basal insulin, severe diabetic ketoacidosis. As the sports nutrition market continues to expand, providers and manufacturers have a responsibility to give clear and accurate dosing instructions as well as side effect profiles for their products, particularly for diabetic patients.
Keywords	Caffeine toxicity ; diabetes ; diabetic ketoacidosis ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SMC MEDIA SRL
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 re-infection

Hamed, Ehab

Journal of Infection

a case report from Qatar

2020

Abstract: Our case presented with symptoms, positive contact history, and positive swab results with a timeline significantly longer than any reported case. The persistence of positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 is reported only up to 6 weeks. A re-infection or to the ... ...

Abstract	Our case presented with symptoms, positive contact history, and positive swab results with a timeline significantly longer than any reported case. The persistence of positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 is reported only up to 6 weeks. A re-infection or to the least a re-activation following long-lasting carriage seems more likely in this patient report. Reports of such occurrences are rare to date in view of the number of worldwide reporting of the infection rates, which is reassuring. This case report adds to current evidence of the possibility of reinfection and provides a basis for future cohort studies. Detection of viral RNA in symptomatic. patients following complete remission of symptoms and full recovery should be considered as reinfection or recurrence at the least.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Re-infection ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-25
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar

Hamed, Ehab

Journal of Infection

2020

Abstract: recurrent positive findings could occur in all age groups and different population types, including paediatric, elderly, and pregnant patients. Current smoking status was highly prevalent among patients with recurrent positive results. No previous ... ...

Abstract	recurrent positive findings could occur in all age groups and different population types, including paediatric, elderly, and pregnant patients. Current smoking status was highly prevalent among patients with recurrent positive results. No previous studies reported to the rates of recurrent positive rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Given the extensive reporting of the SARS-CoV-2 infections, the number of case reports of recurrent positive and reinfection to date is extremely low, which agrees with our findings. Earlier studies reported that viral shedding is dynamic and continue in most cases 20–22 days but positive results were generally rare beyond 30 days. So, one could theorise that recurrent positive results in symptomatic patients should be considered reinfection, especially if more than 42 days. The rare occurrences of recurrent infections are reassuring to the world given the current surge and in favour of immunity. However, it does not allude to the length of that immunity. Given the rarity of recurrent positive results which is supported by our findings, vaccination should be recommended for patients with no earlier SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Re-infection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; covid19
Subject code	610
Publishing date	2020-10-31
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Exploring ChatGPT's Potential in Facilitating Adaptation of Clinical Guidelines: A Case Study of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Guidelines.

Hamed, Ehab / Eid, Ahmad / Alberry, Medhat

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38784

Abstract: Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ChatGPT, an advanced natural language processing model, in adapting and synthesizing clinical guidelines for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) by comparing and contrasting different guideline sources. ... ...

Abstract	Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ChatGPT, an advanced natural language processing model, in adapting and synthesizing clinical guidelines for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) by comparing and contrasting different guideline sources. Methodology We employed a comprehensive comparison approach and examined three reputable guideline sources: Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee (2018), Emergency Management of Hyperglycaemia in Primary Care, and Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) 02 The Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults. Data extraction focused on diagnostic criteria, risk factors, signs and symptoms, investigations, and treatment recommendations. We compared the synthesized guidelines generated by ChatGPT and identified any misreporting or non-reporting errors. Results ChatGPT was capable of generating a comprehensive table comparing the guidelines. However, multiple recurrent errors, including misreporting and non-reporting errors, were identified, rendering the results unreliable. Additionally, inconsistencies were observed in the repeated reporting of data. The study highlights the limitations of using ChatGPT for the adaptation of clinical guidelines without expert human intervention. Conclusions Although ChatGPT demonstrates the potential for the synthesis of clinical guidelines, the presence of multiple recurrent errors and inconsistencies underscores the need for expert human intervention and validation. Future research should focus on improving the accuracy and reliability of ChatGPT, as well as exploring its potential applications in other areas of clinical practice and guideline development.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.38784
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma provokes renal toxicity and DNA injury in mice: Therapeutic impact of chitosan and maitake nanoparticles.

Abosharaf, Hamed A / Gebreel, Doaa T / Allam, Sahar / El-Atrash, Afaf / Tousson, Ehab

Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

2024 Volume 134, Issue 4, Page(s) 472–484

Abstract: In this study, the impact of chitosan (CS) and maitake (GF) nanoparticles towards the renal toxicity induced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in vivo model was conducted. Besides benchmark negative control group, EAC model was constructed by ... ...

Abstract	In this study, the impact of chitosan (CS) and maitake (GF) nanoparticles towards the renal toxicity induced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in vivo model was conducted. Besides benchmark negative control group, EAC model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 2.5 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Ascites/metabolism ; Chitosan/therapeutic use ; Grifola ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology ; Creatinine ; DNA Damage ; Urea ; Apoptosis
Chemical Substances	Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Urea (8W8T17847W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2134679-3
ISSN	1742-7843 ; 1742-7835
ISSN (online)	1742-7843
ISSN	1742-7835
DOI	10.1111/bcpt.13988
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Article: Advancing Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Knowledge Retrieval: A Case Study Using ChatGPT-4 and Link Retrieval Plug-In to Analyze Diabetic Ketoacidosis Guidelines.

Hamed, Ehab / Sharif, Anna / Eid, Ahmad / Alfehaidi, Alanoud / Alberry, Medhat

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e41916

Abstract: Introduction This case study aimed to enhance the traceability and retrieval accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in medical text by employing a step-by-step systematic approach. The focus was on retrieving clinical answers from three international guidelines on ... ...

Abstract	Introduction This case study aimed to enhance the traceability and retrieval accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in medical text by employing a step-by-step systematic approach. The focus was on retrieving clinical answers from three international guidelines on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods A systematic methodology was developed to guide the retrieval process. One question was asked per guideline to ensure accuracy and maintain referencing. ChatGPT-4 was utilized to retrieve answers, and the 'Link Reader' plug-in was integrated to facilitate direct access to webpages containing the guidelines. Subsequently, ChatGPT-4 was employed to compile answers while providing citations to the sources. This process was iterated 30 times per question to ensure consistency. In this report, we present our observations regarding the retrieval accuracy, consistency of responses, and the challenges encountered during the process. Results Integrating ChatGPT-4 with the 'Link Reader' plug-in demonstrated notable traceability and retrieval accuracy benefits. The AI model successfully provided relevant and accurate clinical answers based on the analyzed guidelines. Despite occasional challenges with webpage access and minor memory drift, the overall performance of the integrated system was promising. The compilation of the answers was also impressive and held significant promise for further trials. Conclusion The findings of this case study contribute to the utilization of AI text-generation models as valuable tools for medical professionals and researchers. The systematic approach employed in this case study and the integration of the 'Link Reader' plug-in offer a framework for automating medical text synthesis, asking one question at a time before compilation from different sources, which has led to improving AI models' traceability and retrieval accuracy. Further advancements and refinement of AI models and integration with other software utilities hold promise for enhancing the utility and applicability of AI-generated recommendations in medicine and scientific academia. These advancements have the potential to drive significant improvements in everyday medical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.41916
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Perception, confidence, and willingness to respond to in-flight medical emergencies among medical students: a cross sectional study.

Alnabulsi, Majed / Abo Ali, Ehab Abdelhalim / Alsharif, Mohammad Hassan / Filfilan, Najla'a Fathi / Fadda, Sahar Hamed

Annals of medicine

2024 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 2337725

Abstract: Background: In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) are expected to increase as air travel normalized in the post-COVID-19 era. However, few studies have examined health professions students' preparedness to respond to such emergencies. Therefore, this ... ...

Abstract	Background: In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) are expected to increase as air travel normalized in the post-COVID-19 era. However, few studies have examined health professions students' preparedness to respond to such emergencies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate medical students' knowledge, confidence, and willingness to assist during an IME in their internship program. Methods: This cross-sectional survey utilized an online, self-administered questionnaire-based survey targeted at medical students at two medical colleges in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised three parts: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about aviation medicine (10 items), and confidence (7 items)/willingness (4 items) to assist during an IME. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were computed to detect potential associations between the knowledge levels and the other independent variables. Responses to confidence and willingness questions were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Overall, 61.4% of participants had inadequate knowledge scores for providing care during an IME, and the proportion of participants did not differ between those who had or had not attended life support courses (60.4% vs. 66.7%, Conclusion: Even though over 8 in 10 students in our study had previously attended life support courses, the overwhelming majority lacked the knowledge, confidence, and willingness to assist. Our study underscores the importance of teaching medical students about IMEs and their unique challenges before entering their 7th-year mandatory general internship.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Students, Medical ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergencies ; Air Travel ; Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1004226-x
ISSN	1365-2060 ; 1651-2219 ; 0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
ISSN (online)	1365-2060 ; 1651-2219
ISSN	0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
DOI	10.1080/07853890.2024.2337725
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Article ; Online: Alzheimer's disease-related brain insulin resistance and the prospective therapeutic impact of metformin.

Abosharaf, Hamed A / Elsonbaty, Yasmin / Tousson, Ehab / M Mohamed, Tarek

Journal of neuroendocrinology

2023 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) e13356

Abstract: Besides COVID-19, two of the most critical outbreaks of our day are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each disease's pathophysiology is well established. Furthermore, a substantial overlap between them has ...

Abstract	Besides COVID-19, two of the most critical outbreaks of our day are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each disease's pathophysiology is well established. Furthermore, a substantial overlap between them has coexisted. Uncertainty remains on whether T2DM and AD are parallel illnesses with the same origin or separate illnesses linked through violent pathways. The current study was aimed at testing whether the insulin resistance in the brain results in AD symptoms or not. Insulin resistance was induced in the brains of rats using a single intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) dose. We then measured glucose, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, and tau phosphorylation in the brain to look for signs of insulin resistance and AD. The results of this study indicated that a single dose of STZ was able to induce insulin resistance in the brain and significantly decline IRS-2. This resistance was accompanied by obvious memory loss, Aβ deposition, and tau phosphorylation, further visible diminishing in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine. Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased due to the antioxidant system being compromised. Interestingly, the pancreas injury and peripheral insulin resistance coexisted with brain insulin resistance. Indeed, the antidiabetic metformin was able to enhance all these drastic effects. In conclusion, brain insulin resistance could lead to AD and vice versa. These are highly linked syndromes that could influence peripheral organs. Further studies are required to stabilize this putative pathobiology relationship between them.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Metformin/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1007517-3
ISSN	1365-2826 ; 0953-8194
ISSN (online)	1365-2826
ISSN	0953-8194
DOI	10.1111/jne.13356
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