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Article: Impacts of 2,4âdichlorophenoxyacetic acid aquatic herbicide formulations on reproduction and development of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

DeQuattro, Zachary A / William H. Karasov

Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2016 June, v. 35, no. 6

2016

Abstract: The authors studied the effects of 2 formulations of 2,4âdichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dimethylamine salt (2,4âD) herbicide on fathead minnow reproduction, embryonic development, and larval survival. Groups of reproductively mature fathead minnows were ...

Abstract	The authors studied the effects of 2 formulations of 2,4âdichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dimethylamine salt (2,4âD) herbicide on fathead minnow reproduction, embryonic development, and larval survival. Groups of reproductively mature fathead minnows were exposed for 28âd to 0.00âppm, 0.05âppm, 0.50âppm, and 2.00âppm 2,4âD (target) in a flowâthrough system. WeedestroyÂ® AM40 significantly (pââ¤â0.05) depressed male tubercle presence and significantly increased female gonadosomatic index, and there were statistical trends (0.05ââ¤âpââ¤â0.10) for effects on fecundity and hepatic vitellogenin mRNA expression in females and males. The herbicide DMAÂ® 4 IVM also significantly depressed male tubercle presence. Gonads of females exposed to DMA 4 IVM exhibited significantly depressed stage of oocyte maturation, significantly increased severity of oocyte atresia, and a significant presence of an unidentified tissue type. Also, DMA 4 IVM significantly decreased larval survival. It had no impact on hepatic vitellogenin mRNA expression or gonadosomatic index. No significant effects on fertilization, hatchability, or embryonic development were observed in either trial. The formulations tested exhibited different toxicological profiles from pure 2,4âD. These data suggest that the formulations have the potential for endocrine disruption and can exert some degree of chronic toxicity. The present use of 2,4âD formulations in lake management practices and their permitting based on the toxicological profile of 2,4âD pure compound should be reconsidered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1478â1488. Â© 2015 SETAC
Keywords	2,4-D ; Pimephales promelas ; abnormal development ; chronic toxicity ; dimethylamine ; embryogenesis ; fecundity ; females ; gene expression ; gonadosomatic index ; gonads ; larvae ; males ; messenger RNA ; minnows ; oocytes ; vitellogenin ; water management
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-06
Size	p. 1478-1488.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.3293
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of androstenedione exposure on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction and embryonic development

DeQuattro, Zachary A / Hemming, Jocelyn D. C / Barry, Terence P

Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2015 Nov., v. 34, no. 11

2015

Abstract: High concentrations (300 ng/L) of androstenedione (A4) were identified in snowmelt runoff from fields fertilized with manure from livestock feeding operations in Wisconsin, USA. In fishes, A4 is an active androgen and substrate for biosynthesis of ... ...

Abstract	High concentrations (300 ng/L) of androstenedione (A4) were identified in snowmelt runoff from fields fertilized with manure from livestock feeding operations in Wisconsin, USA. In fishes, A4 is an active androgen and substrate for biosynthesis of functional androgens (e.g., testosterone and 11‐ketotestosterone) and estrogens (e.g., estradiol‐17β). Thus, A4 has the potential to be a powerful endocrine disruptor. This hypothesis was tested by exposing reproductively mature fathead minnows to 0.0 ng/L, 4.5 ng/L, 74 ng/L, and 700 ng/L A4 for 26 d in a flow‐through system. Various reproductive endpoints were measured including fecundity, fertilization success, secondary sexual characteristics, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatic vitellogenin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In addition, fertilized embryos from the reproduction assay were used in an embryonic development assay to assess A4 effects on development and hatchability. In males, A4 significantly increased Vtg mRNA expression (estrogenic effect), significantly reduced GSI, and had no effect on tubercle expression (p = 0.067). In females, A4 induced tubercle development (androgenic effect) with no effects on GSI. Fecundity was not significantly impacted. Exposure to A4 had no effect on fertilization, embryonic development, or hatchability. These data indicate that exogenous A4, at environmentally relevant concentrations, can significantly modulate the reproductive physiology of the fathead minnows in a sex‐specific manner and that A4 should be monitored as an endocrine disruptor. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2549–2554. © 2015 SETAC
Keywords	Pimephales promelas ; androstenedione ; biosynthesis ; embryogenesis ; endocrine-disrupting chemicals ; endpoints ; estrogenic properties ; estrogens ; fecundity ; females ; gene expression ; gonadosomatic index ; livestock feeding ; males ; messenger RNA ; minnows ; runoff ; snowmelt ; testosterone ; vitellogenin ; Wisconsin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-11
Size	p. 2549-2554.
Publishing place	Pergamon
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.3092
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Toward improved antihypertensive therapy with calcium channel blockers.

DeQuattro, V

Ethnicity & disease

1998 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–110

Abstract: Outcome trials are the scientific method of determining if an antihypertensive agent really works; and for a therapy to work well, it should reduce mortality. The FDA requires only that blood pressure be controlled safely, but current evidence-based ... ...

Abstract	Outcome trials are the scientific method of determining if an antihypertensive agent really works; and for a therapy to work well, it should reduce mortality. The FDA requires only that blood pressure be controlled safely, but current evidence-based medicine demands answers to the mortality/morbidity question. We need this outcome trial information on all the classes of antihypertensives, including calcium channel blockers. For example, we often rely on surrogate endpoints such as control of blood pressure or control of PVCs. If we treat hypertensives with PVCs using beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers, we may see both control of blood pressure and suppression of PVCs. However, as we learned from the CAST trial with flecainide and encainide, PVCs can be controlled, but mortality may increase. On the other hand, the Lewis trial demonstrated that captopril, an ACE inhibitor, reduced proteinuria, which is another surrogate endpoint in diabetic hypertensives with nephropathy, although blood pressure was controlled with diuretic and conventional therapy. Importantly, captopril also reduced morbidity and mortality without influencing blood pressure. Unfortunately, there are no outcome trials measuring mortality endpoints for most of the antihypertensive agents in use today, especially in patients with uncomplicated hypertension.
MeSH term(s)	African Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Calcium Channel Blockers/administration & dosage ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Delivery Systems ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/ethnology ; Hypertension/mortality ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channel Blockers
Language	English
Publishing date	1998
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1274267-3
ISSN	1945-0826 ; 1049-510X
ISSN (online)	1945-0826
ISSN	1049-510X
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Article: The sympathetic nervous system: the muse of primary hypertension.

DeQuattro, V / Feng, M

Journal of human hypertension

2002 Volume 16 Suppl 1, Page(s) S64–9

Abstract: Von Euler characterised the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) and postulated that excessive neural tone was a cause of primary hypertension (PH). Thirty years ago, we found raised NA levels in 30-40% of young patients with PH. Laragh found ... ...

Abstract	Von Euler characterised the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) and postulated that excessive neural tone was a cause of primary hypertension (PH). Thirty years ago, we found raised NA levels in 30-40% of young patients with PH. Laragh found plasma renin activity (PRA) a risk marker for coronary artery disease. With Esler, Miura, and Campese, a close association was found of plasma NA with PRA. We found raised tyrosine hydroxylase activity (AC) in the hearts of a rabbit model of sinoaortic denervated hypertension and in PH with raised plasma NA. Esler utilised titrated NA infusion and described increased spillover of NA from heart, kidney and subcortical areas of brain of patients with PH. With Eide we found raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NA in PH (not secondary hypertension) and with Kolloch and Miura, we found raised plasma/CSF NA in conjunction with reduced dopaminergic tone. With Shkvatsabaya, Yurenev and Davison, we found that relaxation therapy improved the anger ambience and blood pressure of PH with raised plasma NA vs those with normal NA levels. Campese found a hypothalamic source of raised blood pressure in two rat models - microphenol treated and ischaemic kidney. The resulting hypertension was associated with raised NA turnover of their hypothalamic centres. Finally, with Hsueh and Hodis, we found raised plasma NA in association with insulin resistance increased left ventricular mass and intimal medial hypertrophy in Mexican-American diabetics and their yet unaffected offspring. Reliable estimates of human sympathetic AC, including levels of plasma NA in the effluent of selected organs and peripheral venous and arterial sites, may eventually be displaced by techniques using genetic analysis and molecular biology. Never the less, the sympathetic nervous system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis, sequelae and therapy of PH.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Norepinephrine/blood ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Norepinephrine (X4W3ENH1CV)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639472-3
ISSN	1476-5527 ; 0950-9240
ISSN (online)	1476-5527
ISSN	0950-9240
DOI	10.1038/sj.jhh.1001346
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Article: Sympatholytic therapy in primary hypertension: a user friendly role for the future.

DeQuattro, V / Li, D

Journal of human hypertension

2002 Volume 16 Suppl 1, Page(s) S118–23

Abstract: Effective therapy (Rx) in primary hypertension (PH) for 50 years, has featured sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mechanisms. Ganglionic blockers and reserpine were pre-eminent in the 1940s (mydriasis, ileus, impotence, peptic ulcer). Guanethidine, and in ... ...

Abstract	Effective therapy (Rx) in primary hypertension (PH) for 50 years, has featured sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mechanisms. Ganglionic blockers and reserpine were pre-eminent in the 1940s (mydriasis, ileus, impotence, peptic ulcer). Guanethidine, and in the 1960s clonidine and methyldopa, were step II agents to thiazide Rx in the 1950s. Reserpine depletes brain (depression) and peripheral (PPH) noradrenaline (NA) storage sites, guanethidine depleted NA storage via blockade of reuptake. Venomotor sympathoplegia resulted in postural hypertension. An analogue, metaiodobenzyguandine is used in diagnosis and Rx of pheochromocytoma. Clonidine lowers both central and PPH neuronal NA release via both stimulation of alpha agonist adrenoreceptors (sedation) and specific imadazoline binding sites (IBS). Methyldopa lowers pressure via PPH induced NA release (retrograde ejaculation) and via alphamethyl NA on central alpha-2 receptors (depression). The alpha-2 and alpha-2 receptor antagonists (alphaRA) cause reflex tachycardia and first-dose hypotension. Recently a two-fold incidence of congestive heart failure after alphaRA in treated primary hypertensives question their role in PH. The beta RA, with or absent alphaRA, remain premier since the 1970s due to mortality benefit in systolic dysfunction and post myocardial infarction, certifying the role of the SNS in the pathogenesis and sequelae and Rx of PH. The future includes beta RA, specific IBS agents, angiotensin (AII) RA with avid presynaptic AII affinity and vasopeptidase inhibitiors that raise peptides and suppress SNS.
MeSH term(s)	Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects ; Sympatholytics/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Sympatholytics
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639472-3
ISSN	1476-5527 ; 0950-9240
ISSN (online)	1476-5527
ISSN	0950-9240
DOI	10.1038/sj.jhh.1001356
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Article: Individualization of therapy for hypertension in the 1990's: the role of calcium antagonists.

DeQuattro, V

Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)

1994 Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 853–864

Abstract: The Joint National Committee Reports IV (1988) and V (1992) have emphasized individualization ...

Abstract	The Joint National Committee Reports IV (1988) and V (1992) have emphasized individualization of drug therapy for patients with hypertension-a departure from the "stepped" care approach of initiating therapy with diuretics as advocated by the JNC I-III in the 1970's and 1980's. This review highlights individualization or "patient profiling" using calcium channel blockers as first-line treatment strategy for patients with primary hypertension--especially in the patient who has attendant risk factors and sequelae. The calcium channel antagonists, especially effective in elderly and Black patients, have proven efficacy in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy and improving diastolic function in patients with hypertensive heart disease. The heart rate limiting calcium antagonist, verapamil, has been found effective in outcome trials of reducing death and reinfarction rates post myocardial infarction and is an alternative therapy for the beta blocker intolerant hypertensive post myocardial infarction. More vascular specific dihydropyridines (felodipine, isradipine, and amlodipine) may be preferable to rate limiting agents in hypertensives with sinus node or AV conduction disorders and in those with impaired left ventricular systolic function. Verapamil and diltiazem have been effective in preliminary trials in reducing proteinuria and preserving renal function in both diabetic and non diabetic hypertensives. Calcium channel antagonists appear to prevent the progress of atherosclerosis independent of their antihypertensive properties. Further, they have theoretic value in improving endothelial mediated vasodilation.
MeSH term(s)	Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control ; Calcium Channel Blockers/adverse effects ; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy ; Myocardial Ischemia/prevention & control ; Proteinuria/prevention & control ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channel Blockers
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604757-9
ISSN	1064-1963 ; 0730-0077
ISSN	1064-1963 ; 0730-0077
DOI	10.3109/10641969409078030
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Article: Efficacy and safety of felodipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, in elderly hypertensive patients.

DeQuattro, V

Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice

1992 Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 965–987

Abstract: Felodipine is a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a number of properties that enhance its suitability as a first-line antihypertensive drug for the elderly. Felodipine has a 100-fold selectivity for inhibiting the contribution of vascular ... ...

Abstract	Felodipine is a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a number of properties that enhance its suitability as a first-line antihypertensive drug for the elderly. Felodipine has a 100-fold selectivity for inhibiting the contribution of vascular smooth muscle compared with cardiac muscle. Negative inotropic action appears minimal while selectivity appears to increase with age. Felodipine has a minimal effect on smooth muscle of venous capacitance vessels, thereby greatly reducing the likelihood of orthostatic hypotension. Renal effects are favorable; the glomerular filtration rate is increased in some patients. The extended-release formulation of felodipine produces a smooth 24-hour plasma concentration curve and is effective when prescribed once daily. Felodipine appears to lower blood pressure effectively in the elderly patient with few, generally mild, adverse effects.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/physiology ; Felodipine/adverse effects ; Felodipine/pharmacokinetics ; Felodipine/therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics/drug effects ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Felodipine (OL961R6O2C)
Language	English
Publishing date	1992
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604757-9
ISSN	0730-0077
ISSN	0730-0077
DOI	10.3109/10641969209038187
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Article: Comparison of benazepril and other antihypertensive agents alone and in combination with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide.

DeQuattro, V

Clinical cardiology

1991 Volume 14, Issue 8 Suppl 4, Page(s) IV28–32; discussion IV51–5

Abstract: The safety and efficacy of benazepril, as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, have been assessed in a number of studies, including comparative trials with the antihypertensive agents propranolol and ... ...

Abstract	The safety and efficacy of benazepril, as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, have been assessed in a number of studies, including comparative trials with the antihypertensive agents propranolol and nifedipine. These studies have included over 1300 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Comparisons of the efficacy of benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination have shown that benazepril 20 mg once daily is as effective as or more effective in lowering diastolic blood pressure than hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily and that the combination of benazepril 20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg has a possibly synergistic effect on diastolic blood pressure. The results of comparative trials of benazepril with propranolol and nifedipine suggest that benazepril, administered alone or with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, is as effective as the other antihypertensive agents alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. An additional study demonstrated that the combination of benazepril and nifedipine further lowered diastolic blood pressure in patients not responding to monotherapy with these agents. The safety of monotherapy with benazepril was found to be similar to that of the other antihypertensive agents. Safety of the combination of benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide was shown to be better than that of the combination of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide. An attenuation of adverse experiences observed during nifedipine monotherapy was obtained when benazepril was added to the nifedipine regimen.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Benzazepines/administration & dosage ; Benzazepines/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/administration & dosage ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Benzazepines ; Drug Combinations ; Hydrochlorothiazide (0J48LPH2TH) ; benazepril (UDM7Q7QWP8)
Language	English
Publishing date	1991-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	391935-3
ISSN	1932-8737 ; 0160-9289
ISSN (online)	1932-8737
ISSN	0160-9289
DOI	10.1002/clc.4960141804
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Article: Fixed-dose combination therapy with trandolapril and verapamil SR is effective in primary hypertension. Trandolapril Study Group.

DeQuattro, V / Lee, D

American journal of hypertension

1997 Volume 10, Issue 7 Pt 2, Page(s) 138S–145S

Abstract: We assessed the efficacy of monotherapy with trandolapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and of verapamil slow-release (SR), a calcium antagonist, each in a range of three doses as monotherapy, and in the nine possible combinations of ...

Abstract	We assessed the efficacy of monotherapy with trandolapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and of verapamil slow-release (SR), a calcium antagonist, each in a range of three doses as monotherapy, and in the nine possible combinations of therapy in patients with stage I to III diastolic hypertension. After 4 weeks of single-blind placebo, 746 patients in 39 study centers were randomized to one of the 16 double-blind treatments for 6 weeks (placebo; verapamil SR monotherapy 120, 180, or 240 mg; trandolapril monotherapy 0.5, 2, or 8 mg; and trandolapril/verapamil SR combinations 0.5/120, 0.5/180, 0.5/240, 2/120, 2/180, 2/240, 8/120, 8/180, or 8/240 mg. Both mono- and combination therapies achieved the primary efficacy parameters: lowered supine diastolic blood pressure (at trough) more than placebo, P < .01 (except 0.5 mg trandolapril, 0.5/180 and 2/120 combinations, P < .05, and the 120 mg verapamil SR, P = NS). The therapies yielded a trough to peak ratio of >0.52 and had higher percentages of responders as compared with placebo (P < .01, < .05). Supine systolic blood pressures were lowered more by combination therapy than the respective monotherapies, P < .05, P < .01, except the 8/120 combination. Combination therapy was more effective than monotherapy for sitting diastolic blood pressure, P < .05. The percentage of patients with adverse reactions were similar for mono- and combination therapy. Trandolapril had a greater "apparent" incremental effect on the systolic blood pressure reductions than verapamil SR.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Indoles/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Verapamil/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Drug Combinations ; Indoles ; trandolapril (1T0N3G9CRC) ; Verapamil (CJ0O37KU29)
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	639383-4
ISSN	1879-1905 ; 0895-7061
ISSN (online)	1879-1905
ISSN	0895-7061
DOI	10.1016/s0895-7061(97)00102-7
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Article: JNC-IV and the evolution of stepped care to individualized treatment of hypertension.

DeQuattro, V

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology

1990 Volume 15 Suppl 3, Page(s) S16–21

Abstract: There have been many changes in the treatment of hypertension over the past few decades. The Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC) has published four reports since 1977. The first three ... ...

Abstract	There have been many changes in the treatment of hypertension over the past few decades. The Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC) has published four reports since 1977. The first three highlighted diuretic therapy as the main ingredient of stepped care for hypertensive patients. In the fourth report, this position has been revised to a patient-oriented, or individualized, approach. The shift reflects the results of many studies on hypertensive patients treated with a variety of approaches and drugs, including diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, sympatholytics, and calcium channel blockers. After analyzing the patient's history, physical, and laboratory findings, the report recommends making choices from the various agents, based on patient demographics, sequelae, concomitant diseases, and other risk factors such as cholesterol levels.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Sympatholytics/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Sympatholytics
Language	English
Publishing date	1990
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391970-5
ISSN	1533-4023 ; 0160-2446
ISSN (online)	1533-4023
ISSN	0160-2446
DOI	10.1097/00005344-199000153-00004
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