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  1. Article ; Online: Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection?

    Murck, Harald

    Frontiers in immunology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 1239

    Abstract: The role of the ACE2 enzyme in the COVID-19 infection is 2-fold, with opposing implications for the disease development. 1. The membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry point of COVID-19 2. Conversely, it supports an anti- ...

    Abstract The role of the ACE2 enzyme in the COVID-19 infection is 2-fold, with opposing implications for the disease development. 1. The membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry point of COVID-19 2. Conversely, it supports an anti-inflammatory pathway. This led to the controversy of the impact of medications, which influence its expression. ACE2 is part of the wider renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is upregulated via compounds, which inhibits the classical ACE, thereby plasma aldosterone and aldosterone receptor (MR) activation. MR activation may therefore protect organs from binding the COVID-19 by reducing ACE2 expression. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a frequent component in traditional Chinese medicines, which have been used to control COVID-19 infections. Its systemically active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) inhibits 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(11betaHSD2) and activates MR in organs, which express this enzyme, including the lungs. Does this affect the protective effect of ACE2? Importantly, GL has anti-inflammatory properties by itself via toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism and therefore compensates for the reduced protection of the downregulated ACE2. Finally, a direct effect of GL or GA to reduce virus transmission exists, which may involve reduced expression of type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), which is required for virus uptake. Glycyrrhizin may reduce the severity of an infection with COVID-19 at the two stages of the COVID-19 induced disease process, 1. To block the number of entry points and 2. provide an ACE2 independent anti-inflammatory mechanism.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Glycyrrhiza ; Glycyrrhizic Acid/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Receptors, Coronavirus ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Receptors, Coronavirus ; Receptors, Virus ; Glycyrrhizic Acid (6FO62043WK) ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01239
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  2. Article ; Online: Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection?

    Harald Murck

    Frontiers in Immunology, Vol

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: The role of the ACE2 enzyme in the COVID-19 infection is 2-fold, with opposing implications for the disease development. 1. The membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry point of COVID-19 2. Conversely, it supports an anti- ...

    Abstract The role of the ACE2 enzyme in the COVID-19 infection is 2-fold, with opposing implications for the disease development. 1. The membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry point of COVID-19 2. Conversely, it supports an anti-inflammatory pathway. This led to the controversy of the impact of medications, which influence its expression. ACE2 is part of the wider renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is upregulated via compounds, which inhibits the classical ACE, thereby plasma aldosterone and aldosterone receptor (MR) activation. MR activation may therefore protect organs from binding the COVID-19 by reducing ACE2 expression. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a frequent component in traditional Chinese medicines, which have been used to control COVID-19 infections. Its systemically active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) inhibits 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(11betaHSD2) and activates MR in organs, which express this enzyme, including the lungs. Does this affect the protective effect of ACE2? Importantly, GL has anti-inflammatory properties by itself via toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism and therefore compensates for the reduced protection of the downregulated ACE2. Finally, a direct effect of GL or GA to reduce virus transmission exists, which may involve reduced expression of type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), which is required for virus uptake. Glycyrrhizin may reduce the severity of an infection with COVID-19 at the two stages of the COVID-19 induced disease process, 1. To block the number of entry points and 2. provide an ACE2 independent anti-inflammatory mechanism.
    Keywords Corona virus ; COVID-19 ; glycyrrhizin ; mineralocorticoid receptor ; inflammation ; toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) ; Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; covid19
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection?

    Murck, Harald

    Frontiers in Immunology

    2020  Volume 11

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Publishing country ch
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01239
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Treatment with

    Murck, Harald / Karailiev, Peter / Karailievova, Lucia / Puhova, Agnesa / Jezova, Daniela

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4

    Abstract: We have previously identified that low responsiveness to antidepressive therapy is associated with higher aldosterone/cortisol ratio, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher salt preference. ...

    Abstract We have previously identified that low responsiveness to antidepressive therapy is associated with higher aldosterone/cortisol ratio, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher salt preference.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Aldosterone ; Glycyrrhiza ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Sodium Chloride ; Gene Expression ; Plant Extracts
    Chemical Substances Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (61ZBX54883) ; Aldosterone (4964P6T9RB) ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X) ; Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16040515
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  5. Article: Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection?

    Murck, Harald

    Front Immunol

    Abstract: The role of the ACE2 enzyme in the COVID-19 infection is 2-fold, with opposing implications for the disease development. 1. The membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry point of COVID-19 2. Conversely, it supports an anti- ...

    Abstract The role of the ACE2 enzyme in the COVID-19 infection is 2-fold, with opposing implications for the disease development. 1. The membrane bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry point of COVID-19 2. Conversely, it supports an anti-inflammatory pathway. This led to the controversy of the impact of medications, which influence its expression. ACE2 is part of the wider renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is upregulated via compounds, which inhibits the classical ACE, thereby plasma aldosterone and aldosterone receptor (MR) activation. MR activation may therefore protect organs from binding the COVID-19 by reducing ACE2 expression. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a frequent component in traditional Chinese medicines, which have been used to control COVID-19 infections. Its systemically active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) inhibits 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(11betaHSD2) and activates MR in organs, which express this enzyme, including the lungs. Does this affect the protective effect of ACE2? Importantly, GL has anti-inflammatory properties by itself via toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism and therefore compensates for the reduced protection of the downregulated ACE2. Finally, a direct effect of GL or GA to reduce virus transmission exists, which may involve reduced expression of type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), which is required for virus uptake. Glycyrrhizin may reduce the severity of an infection with COVID-19 at the two stages of the COVID-19 induced disease process, 1. To block the number of entry points and 2. provide an ACE2 independent anti-inflammatory mechanism.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #612742
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: A viewpoint on aldosterone and BMI related brain morphology in relation to treatment outcome in patients with major depression.

    Murck, Harald / Lehr, Lisa / Jezova, Daniela

    Journal of neuroendocrinology

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) e13219

    Abstract: An abundance of knowledge has been collected describing the involvement of neuroendocrine parameters in major depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulating cortisol release has been extensively studied; however, attempts to ... ...

    Abstract An abundance of knowledge has been collected describing the involvement of neuroendocrine parameters in major depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulating cortisol release has been extensively studied; however, attempts to target the HPA axis pharmacologically to treat major depression have failed. This review focuses on the importance of the adrenocortical stress hormone aldosterone, which is released by adrenocorticotropic hormone and angiotensin, and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in depression. Depressed patients, in particular those with atypical depression, have signs of central hyperactivation of the aldosterone sensitive MR, potentially as a consequence of a reactive aldosterone release induced by low blood pressure and as a result of low sensitivity of peripheral MR. This is reflected in reduced heart rate variability, increased salt appetite and sleep changes in this group of patients. In addition, enlarged brain ventricles, compressed corpus callosum and changes of the choroid plexus are associated with increased aldosterone (in relation to cortisol). Furthermore, subjects with these features often show obesity. These characteristics are related to a worse antidepressant treatment outcome. Alterations in choroid plexus function as a consequence of increased aldosterone levels, autonomic dysregulation, metabolic changes and/or inflammation may be involved. The characterization of this regulatory system is in its early days but may identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aldosterone/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism ; Depression ; Body Mass Index ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Aldosterone (4964P6T9RB) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1007517-3
    ISSN 1365-2826 ; 0953-8194
    ISSN (online) 1365-2826
    ISSN 0953-8194
    DOI 10.1111/jne.13219
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    Zs.A 2634: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  7. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Its Effect on Gait, Potential Relationship to Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and the Influence of the Inhibition of 11ß-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase with an Extract from Glycyrrhiza Glabra

    Lehr, Lisa [Verfasser] / Murck, Harald [Akademischer Betreuer]

    2023  

    Author's details Lisa Lehr ; Betreuer: Harald Murck
    Keywords Medizin, Gesundheit ; Medicine, Health
    Subject code sg610
    Language German
    Publisher Philipps-Universität Marburg
    Publishing place Marburg
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Database Digital theses on the web

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  8. Book ; Thesis: Durch das Neuropeptid Proctolin modulierbare Leitfähigkeit einer Skelettmuskel-Membran

    Murck, Harald

    eine Untersuchung mit der Spannungsklemme bei der Wanderheuschrecke Schistocerca gregaria

    1992  

    Author's details vorgelegt von Harald Murck
    Size 8 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Marburg, Univ., Diss., 1993
    HBZ-ID HT004944338
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    93 D 2505 order for loan Magazin

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  9. Article ; Online: Sleep disturbances in primary aldosteronism are associated to depressive symptoms - Could specific mineralocorticoidreceptors be a common pathway?

    Adolf, Christian / Murck, Harald / Sarkis, Anna-Lina / Schneider, Holger / Fischer, Ina / Steiger, Axel / Braun, Leah T / Reincke, Martin / Künzel, Heike

    Journal of psychiatric research

    2024  Volume 172, Page(s) 66–70

    Abstract: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are frequent in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and are supposed to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As patients with PA have an increased cardiovascular risk compared to patients ... ...

    Abstract Symptoms of depression and anxiety are frequent in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and are supposed to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As patients with PA have an increased cardiovascular risk compared to patients with essential hypertension, sleep disturbances, which often accompany depressive and anxiety symptoms, may be an additional contributor to the cardiometabolic consequences of PA. To clarify this possible link we investigated 132 patients with PA at baseline and after one year after initiation of treatment either by adrenalectomy (ADX) or mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonist (MRA). Sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness were assessed with Pittsburg sleep Inventory (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Patients with PA showed pathological scores for sleep disturbances at baseline according to PSQI, with females being more affected (8.1 vs. 5.7 p < 0.001), which was significantly improved after initiation of specific treatment (p = 0.002). For ESS we found scores within the normal range, but higher than the general population, which significantly improved at follow-up (p < 0.001). The intensity of sleep disturbances was highly correlated with scores of anxiety and depression at baseline and follow-up. However, clinical and biochemical markers of PA (e.g. aldosterone, blood pressure) and metabolic markers did not show a consistent association with sleep changes. The degree of improvement in PSQI was significantly associated with the improvement of brief patients health questionnaire (PHQD) (p = 0.0151). Sleep disturbances seem not to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic problems in PA. They are strongly associated to depressive symptoms and maybe mediated by the same mineralocorticoid receptor circuits.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Depression/epidemiology ; Sleep/physiology ; Anxiety/etiology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Aldosterone ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology ; Hyperaldosteronism/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Aldosterone (4964P6T9RB)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.042
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    Ui I Zs.243: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  10. Article: Brain Ventricle and Choroid Plexus Morphology as Predictor of Treatment Response: Findings from the EMBARC Study.

    Murck, Harald / Fava, Maurizio / Cusin, Cristina / Chin Fatt, Cherise / Trivedi, Madhukar

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Recent observations suggest a role of the choroid plexus (CP) and cerebral ventricle volume (CV), to identify treatment resistance of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that these markers are associated with clinical improvement in ...

    Abstract Recent observations suggest a role of the choroid plexus (CP) and cerebral ventricle volume (CV), to identify treatment resistance of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that these markers are associated with clinical improvement in subjects from the EMBARC study, as implied by a recent pilot study. The EMBARC study characterized biological markers in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of sertraline vs. placebo in patients with MDD. Association of baseline volumes of CV, CP and of the corpus callosum (CC) with treatment response after 4 weeks treatment were evaluated. 171 subjects (61 male, 110 female) completed the 4 week assessments; gender, site and age were taken into account for this analyses. As previously reported, no treatment effect of sertraline was observed, but prognostic markers for clinical improvement were identified. Responders (n = 54) had significantly smaller volumes of the CP and lateral ventricles, whereas the volume of mid-anterior and mid-posterior CC was significantly larger compared to non-responders (n = 117). A positive correlation between CV volume and CP volume was observed, whereas a negative correlation between CV volume and both central-anterior and central-posterior parts of the CC emerged. In an exploratory way correlations between enlarged VV and CP volume on the one hand and signs of metabolic syndrome, in particular triglyceride plasma concentrations, were observed. A primary abnormality of CP function in MDD may be associated with increased ventricles, compression of white matter volume, which may affect treatment response speed or outcome. Metabolic markers may mediate this relationship.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2618151/v1
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