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Article: Syncytin, envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV): no longer 'fossil' in human genome.

Durnaoglu, Serpen / Lee, Sun-Kyung / Ahnn, Joohong

2022 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 358–368

Abstract: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are 'fossil viruses' that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited ... ...

Abstract	Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are 'fossil viruses' that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited coding capacity and produce retroviral transcripts and proteins, which function in human developmental process and various pathologies, including many cancers and neurological diseases. Recently, it has been reported that HERVs are differently expressed in COVID-19 disease caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we discuss the molecular structure and function of HERV ENV proteins, particularly syncytins, and their conventional roles in human development and diseases, and potential involvement in COVID-19 regarding the newly reported mental symptoms. We also address COVID-19 vaccine-related infertility concerns arising from the similarity of syncytin with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which have been proved invalid.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2562988-8
ISSN	2151-2485 ; 1976-8354
ISSN (online)	2151-2485
ISSN	1976-8354
DOI	10.1080/19768354.2021.2019109
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases.

Durnaoglu, Serpen / Lee, Sun-Kyung / Ahnn, Joohong

Molecules and cells

2021 Volume 44, Issue 12, Page(s) 861–878

Abstract: The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, ... ...

Abstract	The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, primarily localized in the heterochromatin, and silenced by methylation. But HERVs are now clearly shown to actively regulate gene expression in various physiological and pathological conditions such as developmental processes, immune regulation, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Recent studies report that HERVs are activated in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. In this review, we describe internal and external factors that influence HERV activities. We also present evidence showing the gene regulatory activity of HERV LTRs (long terminal repeats) in model organisms such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and invertebrate models of worms and flies. Finally, we discuss several molecular and cellular pathways involving various transcription factors and receptors, through which HERVs affect downstream cellular and physiological events such as epigenetic modifications, calcium influx, protein phosphorylation, and cytokine release. Understanding how HERVs participate in various physiological and pathological processes will help develop a strategy to generate effective therapeutic approaches targeting HERVs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/virology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/virology ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1148964-9
ISSN	0219-1032 ; 1016-8478
ISSN (online)	0219-1032
ISSN	1016-8478
DOI	10.14348/molcells.2021.5016
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Article: Syncytin, envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV): no longer ‘fossil’ in human genome

Durnaoglu, Serpen / Lee, Sun-Kyung / Ahnn, Joohong

Animal cells and systems. 2021 Nov. 02, v. 25, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ‘fossil viruses’ that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited ... ...

Abstract	Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ‘fossil viruses’ that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited coding capacity and produce retroviral transcripts and proteins, which function in human developmental process and various pathologies, including many cancers and neurological diseases. Recently, it has been reported that HERVs are differently expressed in COVID-19 disease caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we discuss the molecular structure and function of HERV ENV proteins, particularly syncytins, and their conventional roles in human development and diseases, and potential involvement in COVID-19 regarding the newly reported mental symptoms. We also address COVID-19 vaccine-related infertility concerns arising from the similarity of syncytin with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which have been proved invalid.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Retroviridae ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; chemical structure ; evolution ; genome ; human development ; humans
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1102
Size	p. 358-368.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2562988-8
ISSN	2151-2485 ; 1976-8354
ISSN (online)	2151-2485
ISSN	1976-8354
DOI	10.1080/19768354.2021.2019109
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Syncytin, envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)

Serpen Durnaoglu / Sun-Kyung Lee / Joohong Ahnn

Animal Cells and Systems, Vol 25, Iss 6, Pp 358-

no longer ‘fossil’ in human genome

2021 Volume 368

Abstract	Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ‘fossil viruses’ that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited coding capacity and produce retroviral transcripts and proteins, which function in human developmental process and various pathologies, including many cancers and neurological diseases. Recently, it has been reported that HERVs are differently expressed in COVID-19 disease caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we discuss the molecular structure and function of HERV ENV proteins, particularly syncytins, and their conventional roles in human development and diseases, and potential involvement in COVID-19 regarding the newly reported mental symptoms. We also address COVID-19 vaccine-related infertility concerns arising from the similarity of syncytin with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which have been proved invalid.
Keywords	herv ; syncytin ; covid-19 ; placenta ; cancer ; neurodegenerative disease ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HERV-K) can drive gene expression as a promoter in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Durnaoglu, Serpen / Kim, Heui-Soo / Ahnn, Joohong / Lee, Sun-Kyung

BMB reports

2020 Volume 53, Issue 10, Page(s) 521–526

Abstract: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retrotransposons present in various metazoan genomes and have been implicated in metazoan evolution as well as in nematodes and humans. The long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons contain several regulatory ... ...

Abstract	Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retrotransposons present in various metazoan genomes and have been implicated in metazoan evolution as well as in nematodes and humans. The long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons contain several regulatory sequences including promoters and enhancers that regulate endogenous gene expression and thereby control organismal development and response to environmental change. ERVs including the LTR retrotransposons constitute 8% of the human genome and less than 0.6% of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) genome, a nematode genetic model system. To investigate the evolutionarily conserved mechanism behind the transcriptional activity of retrotransposons, we generated a transgenic worm model driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression using Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV)-K LTR as a promoter. The promoter activity of HERV-K LTR was robust and fluorescence was observed in various tissues throughout the developmental process. Interestingly, persistent GFP expression was specifically detected in the adult vulva muscle. Using deletion constructs, we found that the region from positions 675 to 868 containing the TATA box was necessary for promoter activity driving gene expression in the vulva. Interestingly, we found that the promoter activity of the LTR was dependent on che-1 transcription factor, a sensory neuron driver, and lin-15b, a negative regulator of RNAi and germline gene expression. These results suggest evolutionary conservation of the LTR retrotransposon activity in transcriptional regulation as well as the possibility of che-1 function in non-neuronal tissues. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(10): 521-526].
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Endogenous Retroviruses/metabolism ; Gene Expression/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Retroelements/genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
Chemical Substances	Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Retroelements ; Transcription Factors ; lin-15B protein, C elegans
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	News
ZDB-ID	2410389-5
ISSN	1976-670X ; 1976-6696
ISSN (online)	1976-670X
ISSN	1976-6696
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 4202: Show issues

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: A Novel Multi-Component Formulation Reduces Inflammation In Vitro and Clinically Lessens the Symptoms of Chronic Eczematous Skin.

Kim, Jihee / Jung, Eunjoong / Yang, Wonmi / Kim, Chun-Kang / Durnaoglu, Serpen / Oh, In-Rok / Kim, Chan-Wha / Sinskey, Anthony J / Mihm, Martin C / Lee, Ju Hee

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 16

Abstract: Long-term treatments for inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis or eczema can cause adverse effects. Super Protein Multifunction (SPM) was investigated as a potential treatment for managing skin inflammation by monitoring the expression of pro- ...

Abstract	Long-term treatments for inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis or eczema can cause adverse effects. Super Protein Multifunction (SPM) was investigated as a potential treatment for managing skin inflammation by monitoring the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced using LPS and poly(I:C)/TNFα in HaCaT keratinocytes and Hs27 fibroblasts as measured via RT-PCR. SPM solution was also assessed for its effect on cytokine release, measured using ELISA, in a UVB-irradiated 3D human skin model. To evaluate the efficiency of SPM, 20 patients with mild eczematous skin were randomized to receive SPM or vehicle twice a day for three weeks in a double-blind controlled trial. In vitro studies showed SPM inhibited inflammation-induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, IL-1α, TSLP, and TNFα expression or release. In the clinical study, the SPM group showed significant improvements in the IGA, PA, and DLQI scores compared to the vehicle group. Neither group showed significant differences in VAS (pruritus). Histological analysis showed reduced stratum corneum thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results suggest that SPM may reduce inflammation in individuals with chronic eczematous skin.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Eczema ; Skin ; Inflammation ; Pruritus ; Cytokines ; Excipients
Chemical Substances	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Cytokines ; Excipients
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241612979
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Article ; Online: Loss of Calreticulin Uncovers a Critical Role for Calcium in Regulating Cellular Lipid Homeostasis.

Wang, Wen-An / Liu, Wen-Xin / Durnaoglu, Serpen / Lee, Sun-Kyung / Lian, Jihong / Lehner, Richard / Ahnn, Joohong / Agellon, Luis B / Michalak, Marek

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 5941

Abstract: A direct link between ... ...

Abstract	A direct link between Ca
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calreticulin/deficiency ; Calreticulin/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Esterification ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Lipids/chemistry ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calreticulin ; Lipids ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-05734-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Patient-specific pluripotent stem cells in neurological diseases.

Durnaoglu, Serpen / Genc, Sermin / Genc, Kursad

Stem cells international

2011 Volume 2011, Page(s) 212487

Abstract: Many human neurological diseases are not currently curable and result in devastating neurologic sequelae. The increasing availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from adult human somatic cells provides new prospects for ... ...

Abstract	Many human neurological diseases are not currently curable and result in devastating neurologic sequelae. The increasing availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from adult human somatic cells provides new prospects for cellreplacement strategies and disease-related basic research in a broad spectrum of human neurologic diseases. Patient-specific iPSC-based modeling of neurogenetic and neurodegenerative diseases is an emerging efficient tool for in vitro modeling to understand disease and to screen for genes and drugs that modify the disease process. With the exponential increase in iPSC research in recent years, human iPSCs have been successfully derived with different technologies and from various cell types. Although there remain a great deal to learn about patient-specific iPSC safety, the reprogramming mechanisms, better ways to direct a specific reprogramming, ideal cell source for cellular grafts, and the mechanisms by which transplanted stem cells lead to an enhanced functional recovery and structural reorganization, the discovery of the therapeutic potential of iPSCs offers new opportunities for the treatment of incurable neurologic diseases. However, iPSC-based therapeutic strategies need to be thoroughly evaluated in preclinical animal models of neurological diseases before they can be applied in a clinical setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573856-2
ISSN	1687-9678 ; 1687-966X
ISSN (online)	1687-9678
ISSN	1687-966X
DOI	10.4061/2011/212487
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Article ; Online: Patient-Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells in Neurological Diseases

Serpen Durnaoglu / Sermin Genc / Kursad Genc

Stem Cells International, Vol

2011 Volume 2011

Abstract	Many human neurological diseases are not currently curable and result in devastating neurologic sequelae. The increasing availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from adult human somatic cells provides new prospects for cellreplacement strategies and disease-related basic research in a broad spectrum of human neurologic diseases. Patient-specific iPSC-based modeling of neurogenetic and neurodegenerative diseases is an emerging efficient tool for in vitro modeling to understand disease and to screen for genes and drugs that modify the disease process. With the exponential increase in iPSC research in recent years, human iPSCs have been successfully derived with different technologies and from various cell types. Although there remain a great deal to learn about patient-specific iPSC safety, the reprogramming mechanisms, better ways to direct a specific reprogramming, ideal cell source for cellular grafts, and the mechanisms by which transplanted stem cells lead to an enhanced functional recovery and structural reorganization, the discovery of the therapeutic potential of iPSCs offers new opportunities for the treatment of incurable neurologic diseases. However, iPSC-based therapeutic strategies need to be thoroughly evaluated in preclinical animal models of neurological diseases before they can be applied in a clinical setting.
Keywords	Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Loss of Calreticulin Uncovers a Critical Role for Calcium in Regulating Cellular Lipid Homeostasis

Wen-An Wang / Wen-Xin Liu / Serpen Durnaoglu / Sun-Kyung Lee / Jihong Lian / Richard Lehner / Joohong Ahnn / Luis B. Agellon / Marek Michalak

Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract A direct link between Ca2+ and lipid homeostasis has not been definitively demonstrated. In this study, we show that manipulation of ER Ca2+ causes the re-distribution of a portion of the intracellular unesterified cholesterol to a pool that is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract A direct link between Ca2+ and lipid homeostasis has not been definitively demonstrated. In this study, we show that manipulation of ER Ca2+ causes the re-distribution of a portion of the intracellular unesterified cholesterol to a pool that is not available to the SCAP-SREBP complex. The SREBP processing pathway in ER Ca2+ depleted cells remained fully functional and responsive to changes in cellular cholesterol status but differed unexpectedly in basal activity. These findings establish the role of Ca2+ in determining the reference set-point for controlling cellular lipid homeostasis. We propose that ER Ca2+ status is an important determinant of the basal sensitivity of the sterol sensing mechanism inherent to the SREBP processing pathway.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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