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  1. Article: Novel, nurse-led early postdischarge clinic is associated with fewer readmissions and lower mortality following hospitalisation with decompensated cirrhosis.

    Giles, Benjamin / Fancey, Kirsty / Gamble, Karen / Riaz, Zeshan / Dowman, Joanna K / Fowell, Andrew J / Aspinall, Richard J

    Frontline gastroenterology

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 124–129

    Abstract: Objective: Patients hospitalised with decompensated cirrhosis have high rates of early unplanned readmission. Many readmissions are avoidable with secondary preventative strategies, but patients are often readmitted prior to outpatient review. To ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Patients hospitalised with decompensated cirrhosis have high rates of early unplanned readmission. Many readmissions are avoidable with secondary preventative strategies, but patients are often readmitted prior to outpatient review. To address this, we established a novel, nurse-led early postdischarge (EPD) clinic delivering goal-directed care for cirrhosis complications and evaluated the impact.
    Methods: Retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes in 78 patients seen in the EPD clinic with 91 phenotypically matched controls receiving standard, consultant hepatologist care. Follow-up for 12 months from index admission with endpoints including survival, time to readmission, number of readmissions and healthcare burden.
    Results: Median time to readmission was 51 days in controls and 98 days in the intervention group (p<0.01). The intervention cohort had significantly fewer readmissions at 30 days (12% vs 30%, p<0.01) and 90 days (27% vs 49%, p<0.01) but not significantly at 12 months (58% vs 68%, p=0.16) with an overall reduction in bed day usage of 29%. Mortality for the control group was 4% at 30 days with no deaths in the intervention group. There were significantly fewer deaths in the intervention group at 90 days (5% vs 15%, p<0.05) and 12 months (22% vs 41%, p<0.01).
    Conclusions: Following an index hospitalisation with decompensated cirrhosis, goal-directed postdischarge care can be effectively delivered by specialist nurses, prior to outpatient review by hepatologists. This model was associated with significantly fewer readmissions, lower bed day usage and a reduced mortality. Our data suggest such models of care deserve wider implementation and further evaluation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2521857-8
    ISSN 2041-4137
    ISSN 2041-4137
    DOI 10.1136/flgastro-2023-102489
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Evaluation of a primary to secondary care referral pathway and novel nurse-led one-stop clinic for patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Fowell, Andrew J / Fancey, Kirsty / Gamble, Karen / Bicknell, Kelly / Dowman, Joanna K / Howden, Paul / Aspinall, Richard J

    Frontline gastroenterology

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 102–107

    Abstract: Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately one in four adults of the general population, with an important minority of cases at high risk of developing cirrhosis. We evaluated the utility of a primary care NAFLD pathway ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately one in four adults of the general population, with an important minority of cases at high risk of developing cirrhosis. We evaluated the utility of a primary care NAFLD pathway incorporating a specialist nurse-led NAFLD clinic and a two-step testing approach for advanced liver fibrosis.
    Design/method: We performed a retrospective evaluation of prospectively collected demographic and clinical data on all patients diagnosed with NAFLD and intermediate NAFLD fibrosis score seen in our nurse-led NAFLD clinic between 1 May 2014 and 30 April 2017. Patients were assessed using a specific clerking pro forma and transient elastography (TE). Discharge to primary care with lifestyle advice was considered where TE<7.9 kPa.
    Results: 904 patients were identified, 114 (12.6%) of whom did not meet NAFLD criteria. Among the NAFLD population (n=790 (87.4%)), TE<7.9 kPa was present in 558 patients (70.6%), 519 of whom were discharged to primary care. Selected patients were followed up in secondary care despite TE<7.9 kPa or discharged with TE≥7.9 kPa. TE was unreliable in 22 patients (2.7%). Overall, 559 (70.8%) of patients with confirmed NAFLD were discharged from the nurse-led clinic. Introduction of the new pathway was associated with increased screening for hepatitis B and C viruses in primary care, and 17 new cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency were identified.
    Conclusion: An integrated primary/secondary care NAFLD pathway, including a specialist nurse-led clinic may be a useful way of managing increasing demand on secondary care hepatology services.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2521857-8
    ISSN 2041-4137
    ISSN 2041-4137
    DOI 10.1136/flgastro-2019-101304
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Attenuation of exertional desaturation and preference for interval exercise compared to continuous exercise in people with interstitial lung disease.

    Dowman, Leona M / May, Anthony K / Cox, Narelle S / Morris, Norman R / Nakazawa, Atsuhito / Parker, Lewan / Bondarenko, Janet / Holland, Anne E

    Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 11, Page(s) 1076–1079

    MeSH term(s) Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1435849-9
    ISSN 1440-1843 ; 1323-7799
    ISSN (online) 1440-1843
    ISSN 1323-7799
    DOI 10.1111/resp.14159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: High intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training for people with interstitial lung disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

    Dowman, Leona M / May, Anthony K / Hill, Catherine J / Bondarenko, Janet / Spencer, Lissa / Morris, Norman R / Alison, Jennifer A / Walsh, James / Goh, Nicole S L / Corte, Tamera / Glaspole, Ian / Chambers, Daniel C / McDonald, Christine F / Holland, Anne E

    BMC pulmonary medicine

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 361

    Abstract: Background: Interstitial lung disease is a debilitating condition associated with significant dyspnoea, fatigue, and poor exercise tolerance. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective and key intervention in people with interstitial lung disease. However, ...

    Abstract Background: Interstitial lung disease is a debilitating condition associated with significant dyspnoea, fatigue, and poor exercise tolerance. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective and key intervention in people with interstitial lung disease. However, despite the best efforts of patients and clinicians, many of those who participate are not achieving clinically meaningful benefits. This assessor-blinded, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial aims to compare the clinical benefits of high intensity interval exercise training versus the standard pulmonary rehabilitation method of continuous training at moderate intensity in people with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
    Methods: Eligible participants will be randomised to either a standard pulmonary rehabilitation group using moderate intensity continuous exercise training or high intensity interval exercise training. Participants in both groups will undertake an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation program of twice-weekly supervised exercise training including aerobic (cycling) and strengthening exercises. In addition, participants in both groups will be prescribed a home exercise program. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, upon completion of the intervention and at six months following the intervention by a blinded assessor. The primary outcome is endurance time on a constant work rate test. Secondary outcomes are functional capacity (6-min walk distance), health-related quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis specific version (SGRQ-I), breathlessness (Dyspnoea 12, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale), fatigue (fatigue severity scale), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), physical activity level (GeneActiv), skeletal muscle changes (ultrasonography) and completion and adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation.
    Discussion: The standard exercise training strategies used in pulmonary rehabilitation may not provide an optimal exercise training stimulus for people with interstitial lung disease. This study will determine whether high intensity interval training can produce equivalent or even superior changes in exercise performance and symptoms. If high intensity interval training proves effective, it will provide an exercise training strategy that can readily be implemented into clinical practice for people with interstitial lung disease. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03800914). Registered 11 January 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03800914 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000019101. Registered 9 January 2019, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376050&isReview=true.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; High-Intensity Interval Training/methods ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy ; Program Development ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2059871-3
    ISSN 1471-2466 ; 1471-2466
    ISSN (online) 1471-2466
    ISSN 1471-2466
    DOI 10.1186/s12890-021-01704-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Oncogenic hypophosphataemic osteomalacia mimicking bone metastases on isotope bone scan.

    Dowman, J K / Khattak, F H

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases

    2006  Volume 65, Issue 12, Page(s) 1664

    MeSH term(s) Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia/diagnostic imaging ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes/diagnostic imaging ; Radionuclide Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7090-7
    ISSN 1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
    ISSN (online) 1468-2060
    ISSN 0003-4967
    DOI 10.1136/ard.2006.057943
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Systematic review: the diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

    Dowman, J K / Tomlinson, J W / Newsome, P N

    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

    2010  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 525–540

    Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent cause of liver disease in Western countries. The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis identifies an at-risk group with increased risk of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent cause of liver disease in Western countries. The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis identifies an at-risk group with increased risk of cardiovascular and liver-related deaths. The identification and management of this at-risk group remains a clinical challenge.
    Aim: To perform a systematic review of the established and emerging strategies for the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD.
    Methods: Relevant research and review articles were identified by searching PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE.
    Results: There has been a substantial development of non-invasive risk scores, biomarker panels and radiological modalities to identify at-risk patients with NAFLD without recourse to liver biopsy on a routine basis. These modalities and algorithms have improved significantly in their diagnosis and staging of fibrosis and NASH in patients with NAFLD, and will likely impact on the number of patients undergoing liver biopsy.
    Conclusions: Staging for NAFLD can now be performed by a combination of radiological and laboratory techniques, greatly reducing the requirement for invasive liver biopsy.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Disease Progression ; Fatty Liver/diagnosis ; Fatty Liver/physiopathology ; Hepatitis/physiopathology ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 639012-2
    ISSN 1365-2036 ; 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    ISSN (online) 1365-2036
    ISSN 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04556.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Dowman, J K / Tomlinson, J W / Newsome, P N

    QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians

    2009  Volume 103, Issue 2, Page(s) 71–83

    MeSH term(s) Fatty Liver/etiology ; Fatty Liver/physiopathology ; Fatty Liver/therapy ; Fibrosis/etiology ; Fibrosis/prevention & control ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Inflammation/immunology ; Lipids/analysis ; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy ; Oxidative Stress/physiology
    Chemical Substances Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-11-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1199985-8
    ISSN 1460-2393 ; 0033-5622 ; 1460-2725
    ISSN (online) 1460-2393
    ISSN 0033-5622 ; 1460-2725
    DOI 10.1093/qjmed/hcp158
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  8. Article ; Online: Home-based or remote exercise testing in chronic respiratory disease, during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: A rapid review.

    Holland, Anne E / Malaguti, Carla / Hoffman, Mariana / Lahham, Aroub / Burge, Angela T / Dowman, Leona / May, Anthony K / Bondarenko, Janet / Graco, Marnie / Tikellis, Gabriella / Lee, Joanna Yt / Cox, Narelle S

    Chronic respiratory disease

    2020  Volume 17, Page(s) 1479973120952418

    Abstract: Objectives: To identify exercise tests that are suitable for home-based or remote administration in people with chronic lung disease.: Methods: Rapid review of studies that reported home-based or remote administration of an exercise test in people ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To identify exercise tests that are suitable for home-based or remote administration in people with chronic lung disease.
    Methods: Rapid review of studies that reported home-based or remote administration of an exercise test in people with chronic lung disease, and studies reporting their clinimetric (measurement) properties.
    Results: 84 studies were included. Tests used at home were the 6-minute walk test (6MWT, two studies), sit-to-stand tests (STS, five studies), Timed Up and Go (TUG, 4 studies) and step tests (two studies). Exercise tests administered remotely were the 6MWT (two studies) and step test (one study). Compared to centre-based testing the 6MWT distance was similar when performed outdoors but shorter when performed at home (two studies). The STS, TUG and step tests were feasible, reliable (intra-class correlation coefficients >0.80), valid (concurrent and known groups validity) and moderately responsive to pulmonary rehabilitation (medium effect sizes). These tests elicited less desaturation than the 6MWT, and validated methods to prescribe exercise were not reported.
    Discussion: The STS, step and TUG tests can be performed at home, but do not accurately document desaturation with walking or allow exercise prescription. Patients at risk of desaturation should be prioritised for centre-based exercise testing when this is available.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Exercise Test/methods ; Home Care Services/organization & administration ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/diagnosis ; Lung Diseases/epidemiology ; Lung Diseases/rehabilitation ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Reproducibility of Results ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Telemedicine/methods
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2211488-9
    ISSN 1479-9731 ; 1479-9723
    ISSN (online) 1479-9731
    ISSN 1479-9723
    DOI 10.1177/1479973120952418
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Current therapeutic strategies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Dowman, J K / Armstrong, M J / Tomlinson, J W / Newsome, P N

    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

    2011  Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) 692–702

    Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis (NASH) to increasing fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and has ... ...

    Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis (NASH) to increasing fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and has now become the most common cause of liver disease in Western countries, with the more advanced stages of disease being associated with an increased risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality. The optimal management of patients with NAFLD remains a clinical challenge. The aim of this study is to describe established and emerging strategies for the treatment of NAFLD. Relevant research and review articles were identified by searching PubMed. Selected articles referenced in these publications were also examined. Good quality randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the need for multifaceted lifestyle interventions in patients with NAFLD including the need for diet, exercise and behavioural counselling. Despite several trials of pharmacological agents, no highly effective treatment yet exists, with surgery representing the mainstay for advanced disease. A multidisciplinary approach, with a major focus on lifestyle change, represents best treatment pending the development of new therapeutic options.
    MeSH term(s) Combined Modality Therapy ; Diet, Reducing ; Disease Progression ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; Fatty Liver/genetics ; Fatty Liver/surgery ; Fatty Liver/therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis/surgery ; Liver Cirrhosis/therapy ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1454944-x
    ISSN 1463-1326 ; 1462-8902
    ISSN (online) 1463-1326
    ISSN 1462-8902
    DOI 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01403.x
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  10. Article ; Online: Ambulatory oxygen for treatment of exertional hypoxaemia in pulmonary fibrosis (PFOX trial): a randomised controlled trial.

    Holland, Anne E / Corte, Tamera / Chambers, Daniel C / Palmer, Andrew J / Ekström, Magnus Per / Glaspole, Ian / Goh, Nicole S L / Hepworth, Graham / Khor, Yet H / Hoffman, Mariana / Vlahos, Ross / Sköld, Magnus / Dowman, Leona / Troy, Lauren K / Prasad, Jyotika D / Walsh, James / McDonald, Christine F

    BMJ open

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 12, Page(s) e040798

    Abstract: Introduction: Interstitial lung diseases are characterised by scarring of lung tissue that leads to reduced transfer of oxygen into the blood, decreased exercise capacity and premature death. Ambulatory oxygen therapy may be used to treat exertional ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Interstitial lung diseases are characterised by scarring of lung tissue that leads to reduced transfer of oxygen into the blood, decreased exercise capacity and premature death. Ambulatory oxygen therapy may be used to treat exertional oxyhaemoglobin desaturation, but there is little evidence to support its efficacy and there is wide variation in clinical practice. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ambulatory oxygen versus ambulatory air in people with fibrotic interstitial lung disease and exertional desaturation.
    Methods and analysis: A randomised, controlled trial with blinding of participants, clinicians and researchers will be conducted at trial sites in Australia and Sweden. Eligible participants will be randomised 1:1 into two groups. Intervention participants will receive ambulatory oxygen therapy using a portable oxygen concentrator (POC) during daily activities and control participants will use an identical POC modified to deliver air. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. The primary outcome is change in physical activity measured by number of steps per day using a physical activity monitor (StepWatch). Secondary outcomes are functional capacity (6-minute walk distance), health-related quality of life (St George Respiratory Questionnaire, EQ-5D-5L and King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire), breathlessness (Dyspnoea-12), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), physical activity level (GENEActive), oxygen saturation in daily life, POC usage, and plasma markers of skeletal muscle metabolism, systematic inflammation and oxidative stress. A cost-effectiveness evaluation will also be undertaken.
    Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been granted in Australia by Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/18/Alfred/42) with governance approval at all Australian sites, and in Sweden (Lund Dnr: 2019-02963). The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, presented at conferences and disseminated to consumers in publications for lay audiences.
    Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03737409).
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/complications ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Sweden
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040798
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