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Article ; Online: What can we learn from treatments of oral lichen planus?

Wu, Tingting / Bai, Yang / Jing, Yin / Chen, Fangchun

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1279220

Abstract: Oral lichen planus (OLP), a T-lymphocyte-mediated disease of the oral mucosa, has a complex ... continuous follow up, and there is no curative treatment available. Erosive lichen planus, among others, has ... Different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus require appropriate treatment. Pharmacological treatments ...

Abstract	Oral lichen planus (OLP), a T-lymphocyte-mediated disease of the oral mucosa, has a complex pathogenesis that involves a number of factors. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes and requires continuous follow up, and there is no curative treatment available. Erosive lichen planus, among others, has a risk of malignant transformation and requires standardized treatment to control its progression. Different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus require appropriate treatment. Pharmacological treatments are the most widely available and have the greatest variety of options and a number of novel pharmacological treatments are presented as highlights, including JAK enzyme inhibitors. The second is photodynamic therapy, which is the leading physiological treatment. In addition, periodontal treatment and psychological treatment should not be neglected. In this review, we briefly discuss the most recent developments in therapies for oral lichen planus after summarizing the most widely used clinical treatments, aiming to provide different proposals for future clinical treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral/drug therapy ; Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2024.1279220
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Article ; Online: Updates on immunological mechanistic insights and targeting of the oral lichen planus microenvironment.

Deng, Xiaoting / Wang, Ying / Jiang, Lu / Li, Jing / Chen, Qianming

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1023213

Abstract: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune inflammatory disease that is an oral potentially ...

Abstract	Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune inflammatory disease that is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), occurs in the oral mucosa and affects approximately 0.5% to 4% of the general population. There are usually five types of OLP: reticular/papular, plaque-like, atrophic/erythematous, erosive/ulcerative, and bullous. Furthermore, the chance of causing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is 1.4%. Although the etiology of OLP is still unknown, accumulating evidence supports that immune dysregulation may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OLP, especially the massive production of various inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators. In this review, we focus on the relationship between OLP and its immune microenvironment. We summarize current developments in the immunology of OLP, summarizing functional cell types and crucial cytokines in the OLP immune microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms of key signaling pathways in the OLP immune microenvironment. We highlight the application potential of targeted immune microenvironment therapy for OLP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023213
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Article ; Online: Cell-Free DNA Promotes Inflammation in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus

Deng, Jing / Pan, Weiyi / Ji, Ning / Liu, Na / Chen, Qian / Chen, Jinhuan / Sun, Yutong / Xie, Liang / Chen, Qianming

Frontiers in immunology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 838109

Abstract: Background: Damaged and dead cells release cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that activates cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), which leads to the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) : Methods: cfDNA was extracted from the saliva and plasma ... ...

Abstract	Background: Damaged and dead cells release cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that activates cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), which leads to the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) Methods: cfDNA was extracted from the saliva and plasma of OLP patients; its concentration was measured using the Quanti-iT-PicoGree kit and its relationship with OLP inflammation was assessed. cfDNA of OLP patients (cfDNA-OLP) was transfected into THP-1 macrophages and the expression of inflammatory factors was investigated by performing quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). STING expression was analyzed in the tissues of OLP patients and healthy controls using immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. siRNA was used to knockdown Results: The concentration of cfDNA in the saliva and plasma of OLP patients was considerably higher than that of healthy controls, and it positively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines and clinical characteristics. cfDNA-OLP induced an inflammatory response in THP-1 macrophages. STING expression was significantly higher in OLP tissues than in the gingival tissues of healthy controls. STING knockdown suppressed cfDNA-OLP-induced inflammation in THP-1 macrophages. PAMAM-G3 inhibited the inflammatory response caused by cfDNA-OLP. Conclusion: The cfDNA level is increased in OLP patients, and the STING pathway activated by cfDNA-OLP might play a critical role in OLP pathogenesis. Treatment with PAMAM-G3 reduced the inflammation induced by cfDNA-OLP, and therefore, may be a potential treatment strategy for OLP.
MeSH term(s)	Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Keratinocytes ; Lichen Planus, Oral/genetics ; Lichen Planus, Oral/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.838109
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Article: Clinical study on multi-focused laser in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus.

Guo, Jing-Qiu / Chen, Song-Yan / Chen, Xue-Mei / Lu, Jing-Quan / Song, Yu / Liu, He-Yu / Hu, Li-Na / Zhu, Zheng-Yan

Frontiers in surgery

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 919135

Abstract: ... of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).: Methods: In this single-center, randomized controlled trial, we compared the effect ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of Multi-focused (MF) laser in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). Methods: In this single-center, randomized controlled trial, we compared the effect of fractionated MF laser with other treatments on patients with biopsy-proven VLS. Patients with VLS were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into three groups. Patients in the experimental group were treated with a CO Results: One month after treatment, the pruritus degree, skin elasticity, skin color, lesion scope, and total score decreased in the experimental group, and the differences were statistically significant ( Conclusion: For the three treatment methods for VLS, topical corticosteroids + traditional Chinese medicine can quickly relieve itching symptoms in patients, but it cannot significantly improve skin elasticity, skin color, and lesion scope, and VLS easily relapses after treatment. Radiofrequency can improve itching symptoms and skin color but has poor effects on the change of skin elasticity and lesion scope. Multi-focused laser treatment can alleviate the degree of pruritus, improve skin color and elasticity, and narrow the lesion scope, and VLS will not relapse within three months after treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2773823-1
ISSN	2296-875X
ISSN	2296-875X
DOI	10.3389/fsurg.2022.919135
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Article: Unilateral lichen planus with Blaschko line distribution: A case report.

Dong, Shuai / Zhu, Wen-Jing / Xu, Meng / Zhao, Xue-Qi / Mou, Yan

World journal of clinical cases

2022 Volume 10, Issue 24, Page(s) 8679–8685

Abstract: Background: Lichen planus (LP) with distribution of lesions along Blaschko's lines is a rare ...

Abstract	Background: Lichen planus (LP) with distribution of lesions along Blaschko's lines is a rare entity, accounting for 0.24%-0.62% of all patients. Unilateral distribution of lesions in arm, leg, trunk, and waist is even less common. Approximately 10% of patients with LP manifest nail lesions. Case summary: A 20-year-old woman presented to our department with polygonal, purpuric, flat-topped papules over the right arm, right leg, and right side of trunk and waist for the last 5 mo. The patient initially developed nail deformation in the left middle finger with no obvious cause, followed by development of blue-purple and red maculopapular rash with pruritus. During the disease course, the skin lesions aggravated and spread to several segments due to scratching. The lesions showed unilateral distribution along the Blaschko's lines. The diagnosis of LP along Blaschko's lines was established based on dermoscopy and skin biopsy. Her cutaneous lesions considerably improved after 4-wk treatment with intramuscular glucocorticoid, oral acitretin, topical glucocorticoid, and retinoids. Conclusion: Cases of LP involving multiple segments of the body along the Blaschko's lines with nail damage are rare.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2307-8960
ISSN	2307-8960
DOI	10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8679
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Article ; Online: Predicting the Activity of Oral Lichen Planus with Glycolysis-related Molecules: A Scikit-learn-based Function.

Yang, Yan / Hu, Pei / Chen, Su-Rong / Wu, Wei-Wei / Chen, Pan / Wang, Shi-Wen / Ma, Jing-Zhi / Hu, Jing-Yu

Current medical science

2023 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 602–608

Abstract: Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases, and is mainly ...

Abstract	Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases, and is mainly mediated by T lymphocytes. The metabolic reprogramming of activated T cells has been shown to transform from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. The present study investigated the serum levels of glycolysis-related molecules (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; pyruvic acid, PA; lactic acid, LAC) in OLP, and the correlation with OLP activity was assessed using the reticular, atrophic and erosive lesion (RAE) scoring system. Methods: Univariate and multivariate linear regression functions based on scikit-learn were designed to predict the RAE scores in OLP patients, and the performance of these two machine learning functions was compared. Results: The results revealed that the serum levels of PA and LAC were upregulated in erosive OLP (EOLP) patients, when compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the LDH and LAC levels were significantly higher in the EOLP group than in the nonerosive OLP (NEOLP) group. All glycolysis-related molecules were positively correlated to the RAE scores. Among these, LAC had a strong correlation. The univariate function that involved the LAC level and the multivariate function that involved all glycolysis-related molecules presented comparable prediction accuracy and stability, but the latter was more time-consuming. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the serum LAC level can be a user-friendly biomarker to monitor the OLP activity, based on the univariate function developed in the present study. The intervention of the glycolytic pathway may provide a potential therapeutic strategy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral/drug therapy ; Lichen Planus, Oral/metabolism ; Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2931065-9
ISSN	2523-899X ; 2096-5230
ISSN (online)	2523-899X
ISSN	2096-5230
DOI	10.1007/s11596-023-2716-7
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Article ; Online: Effects of interleukin-23 on the activation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells from oral lichen planus.

Wang, Fang / Zhang, Xiu-Li / Yang, Jing-Ya / Zhou, Gang

The Journal of international medical research

2023 Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 3000605231180039

Abstract: Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory condition in the oral cavity ...

Abstract	Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory condition in the oral cavity. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are gaining more relevance in immune diseases because they can be activated by cytokines without T cell receptor stimulation. Herein, we tested the effect of interleukin-23 (IL-23) on the activation status of OLP MAIT cells. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from OLP patients were stimulated by IL-23 in the absence or presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. The activation status of MAIT cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD161, TCR Vα7.2, and CD69. Results: The fraction of MAIT cells in OLP peripheral blood was approximately 0.38% to 3.97%, and CD8 Conclusions: IL-23 showed different effects on the activation status of OLP MAIT cells and CD8
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Interleukin-23/pharmacology ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Lichen Planus, Oral/metabolism ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-23 ; Ionomycin (56092-81-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184023-x
ISSN	1473-2300 ; 0300-0605 ; 0142-2596
ISSN (online)	1473-2300
ISSN	0300-0605 ; 0142-2596
DOI	10.1177/03000605231180039
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Article ; Online: Autophagy-related 9 homolog B regulates T-cell-mediated immune responses in oral lichen planus.

Tan, Ya-Qin / Zhang, Jing / Zhou, Gang

Archives of oral biology

2022 Volume 146, Page(s) 105589

Abstract: ... mediated autophagy on T-cell immune responses in oral lichen planus.: Design: ATG9B expression was ... induced keratinocytes was used to simulate the main cell crosstalk in oral lichen planus.: Results ... The expression of ATG9B upregulated in lesions and local T cells of oral lichen planus, especially in non-erosive ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impacts of autophagy-related 9 homolog B (ATG9B)-mediated autophagy on T-cell immune responses in oral lichen planus. Design: ATG9B expression was detected in lesions and local T cells by immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence assay. The effects of ATG9B-mediated autophagy on T-cell immune responses were explored after ATG9B-overexpression or ATG9B-knockdown lentivirus transfection. A coculture system of activated T cells and lipopolysaccharide-induced keratinocytes was used to simulate the main cell crosstalk in oral lichen planus. Results: The expression of ATG9B upregulated in lesions and local T cells of oral lichen planus, especially in non-erosive oral lichen planus, suggesting that ATG9B may be a diagnostic factor for oral lichen planus. Notably, ATG9B-knockdown T cells of oral lichen planus demonstrated autophagy suppression, enhanced proliferation, and attenuated apoptosis, whereas overexpression of ATG9B showed opposite effects on T cells. In the coculture system of T cells and keratinocytes, ATG9B-knockdown T cells of oral lichen planus, but not ATG9B-overexpression T cells, promoted the proliferation and apoptosis of their cocultured keratinocytes. Additionally, exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) significantly reversed the apoptosis rates of keratinocytes cocultured with T cells expressing abnormal ATG9B. Furthermore, ATG9B-overexpression T cells showed decreased secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the coculture system. Conclusions: This study revealed the regulatory roles of ATG9B-mediated T-cell autophagy on T-cell immune responses and crosstalk between T cells and keratinocytes in of oral lichen planus.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80227-x
ISSN	1879-1506 ; 0003-9969
ISSN (online)	1879-1506
ISSN	0003-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105589
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Article: Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on the Lichen Lethariella cladonioides

Zhang, Lei / Di, Wei-Yun / Hao, Yu / Wang, Li-Ning / Deng, Yan-Ru / Wang, Jing-Jing

Biochemical systematics and ecology. 2021 Dec., v. 99

2021

Abstract: ... a lichen in southwest China, resulted in isolation of eighteen compounds (1–18), including a new ... have not been reported from any species in the lichens. Compounds 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16 and 18 were ...

Abstract	The comprehensive phytochemical research of Lethariella cladonioides (Nyl.) Krog, (Parmeliaceae), a lichen in southwest China, resulted in isolation of eighteen compounds (1–18), including a new phenolic acid 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde (1) and seventeen known compounds, nine phenolic acids (2–10), one dibenzofuran (11), two depsides (12 and 13), one alkane (14), one glucoside (15), two polyols (16 and 17), and one fatty acid (18). The structures of these compounds were assigned by detailed interpretations of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS) and comparisons with the published data. Among them, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde (1) is a new one. (−)-hydroxypropan-2′,3′-diol-orsellinate (10) have not been reported from any species in the lichens. Compounds 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16 and 18 were ﬁrstly isolated from the genus Lethariella (Motyka) Krog. Compounds 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 were reported from L. cladonioides firstly. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also discussed.
Keywords	Parmeliaceae ; alkanes ; chemotaxonomy ; dibenzofuran ; ecology ; fatty acids ; glucosides ; lichens ; phenolic acids ; phytochemicals ; polyols ; spectral analysis ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0305-1978
DOI	10.1016/j.bse.2021.104343
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Identification of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus and Vitiligo.

Gu, Jing / Xia, Rushan / Zou, Yunmin

The American Journal of dermatopathology

2022 Volume 44, Issue 12, Page(s) 867–873

Abstract: Abstract: Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The clinical ...

Abstract	Abstract: Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The clinical presentation is clustered distribution of porcelain white spots that can be fused together. Early diagnosis of LSA is difficult, especially in the vulva, where it is difficult to distinguish from vitiligo. Traditional diagnostic methods mainly rely on histopathology. In this study, we used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to study the characteristics of LSA and vitiligo. We investigated the clinical and confocal features of 40 cases of histopathologically proven genital LSA or vitiligo, and correlated the features with histopathologic findings. Through the analysis of the results, by RCM, we can easily distinguish genital LSA from vitiligo, which are clinically indistinguishable. This can reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, and help with early diagnosis and timely treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/pathology ; Vitiligo/diagnostic imaging ; Hypopigmentation ; Vulva/pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	448469-1
ISSN	1533-0311 ; 0193-1091
ISSN (online)	1533-0311
ISSN	0193-1091
DOI	10.1097/DAD.0000000000002269
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