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  1. Article ; Online: Translational Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for mRNA-3927, an Investigational Therapeutic for the Treatment of Propionic Acidemia.

    Attarwala, Husain / Lumley, Matthew / Liang, Min / Ivaturi, Vijay / Senn, Joe

    Nucleic acid therapeutics

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–147

    Abstract: Propionic acidemia (PA) is an ultrarare disorder caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme, propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), composed of PCCA and PCCB subunits. An enzyme replacement therapy is being developed using dual messenger RNA (mRNA) ... ...

    Abstract Propionic acidemia (PA) is an ultrarare disorder caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme, propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), composed of PCCA and PCCB subunits. An enzyme replacement therapy is being developed using dual messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy composed of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating mRNAs encoding PCCA and PCCB subunits of the PCC enzyme. We herein report on development of a translational semimechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) model to quantify the relationship between the mRNA components of mRNA-3927 (an LNP encapsulating PCCA and PCCB mRNAs) and dose levels; PCCA/B mRNA PK and PD responses were assessed as circulating levels of primary disease markers 2-methyl citrate, 3-hydroxypropionate, and propionyl carnitine normalized to acetyl carnitine (C3/C2 ratio) to inform the first-in-human dose range and regimen selection. The translational PK/PD model was developed using preclinical data available in mice with PA, Sprague Dawley rats, and cynomolgus monkeys at dose levels ranging from 0.2 to 9 mg/kg. PCCA/B mRNA PK in mice, rats, and monkeys was adequately described using allometric scaling of volume and clearance parameters. The interspecies preclinical model was scaled allometrically to humans to predict the dose-response relationship in adult and pediatric patients with PA to guide selection of dose range and regimen for the Phase 1 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04159103).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Mice ; Rats ; Animals ; Propionic Acidemia/drug therapy ; Propionic Acidemia/genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxylase/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger ; Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxylase (EC 7.2.4.3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2639888-6
    ISSN 2159-3345 ; 2159-3337
    ISSN (online) 2159-3345
    ISSN 2159-3337
    DOI 10.1089/nat.2022.0036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Translational kinetic-pharmacodynamics of mRNA-6231, an investigational mRNA therapeutic encoding mutein interleukin-2.

    Liric Rajlic, Ivana / Guglieri-Lopez, Beatriz / Rangoonwala, Nabeel / Ivaturi, Vijay / Van, Linh / Mori, Simone / Wipke, Brian / Burdette, Douglas / Attarwala, Husain

    CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology

    2024  

    Abstract: Regulatory T cells ( ... ...

    Abstract Regulatory T cells (T
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2697010-7
    ISSN 2163-8306 ; 2163-8306
    ISSN (online) 2163-8306
    ISSN 2163-8306
    DOI 10.1002/psp4.13142
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: TGN1412: From Discovery to Disaster.

    Attarwala, H

    Journal of young pharmacists : JYP

    2010  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 332–336

    Abstract: After a drug is confirmed as safe and efficacious in preclinical studies, it is tested in healthy human volunteers for first in man trials. In 2006, a phase I clinical study was conducted for a CD28 superagonist antibody TGN1412 in six human volunteers. ... ...

    Abstract After a drug is confirmed as safe and efficacious in preclinical studies, it is tested in healthy human volunteers for first in man trials. In 2006, a phase I clinical study was conducted for a CD28 superagonist antibody TGN1412 in six human volunteers. After very first infusion of a dose 500 times smaller than that found safe in animal studies, all six human volunteers faced life-threatening conditions involving multiorgan failure for which they were moved to intensive care unit. After this particular incident, a lot was changed over how first in man trials are approved by regulatory authorities and the way clinical trials are conducted. This review primarily deals with preclinical studies conducted by TeGenero, results of which encouraged them to test the antibody on human subjects, reasons why this drug failed in human trial and aftermath of this drug trial. In addition, another drug-Fialuridine which failed in phase 2 clinical trial leading to death of five human subjects is briefly reviewed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10-29
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2503424-8
    ISSN 0975-1505 ; 0975-1505
    ISSN (online) 0975-1505
    ISSN 0975-1505
    DOI 10.4103/0975-1483.66810
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Role of antibodies in cancer targeting.

    Attarwala, Husain

    Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine

    2011  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–56

    Abstract: The development of chemotherapeutic agents capable of specifically eliminating tumor cells has been a great challenge since these agents cannot differentiate between normal body cells and tumor cells. Enhanced elimination of cancer cells without ... ...

    Abstract The development of chemotherapeutic agents capable of specifically eliminating tumor cells has been a great challenge since these agents cannot differentiate between normal body cells and tumor cells. Enhanced elimination of cancer cells without affecting normal body cells can be achieved by developing strategies which can enable drug targeting. With recent advances in antibody engineering strategies, the development of different antibody-associated tumor-targeted delivery systems for chemotherapy, chemoprevention, and early cancer diagnosis has become possible. In this review, the role of antibodies for cancer diagnosis, chemoprevention, and chemotherapy will be discussed with an emphasis on recent advances in antibody engineering.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-30
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2638867-4
    ISSN 2229-7707 ; 0976-9668
    ISSN (online) 2229-7707
    ISSN 0976-9668
    DOI 10.4103/0976-9668.71675
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Comparative Genomic Insights into Bacterial Induction of Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis in the Upside-Down Jellyfish

    Ohdera, Aki / Attarwala, Khushboo / Wu, Victoria / Henry, Rubain / Laird, Henry / Hofmann, Dietrich K / Fitt, William K / Medina, Mónica

    mSphere

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) e0031522

    Abstract: Bacteria are important mediators of the larval transition from pelagic to benthic environments for marine organisms. Bacteria can therefore dictate species distribution and success of an individual. Despite the importance of marine bacteria to animal ... ...

    Abstract Bacteria are important mediators of the larval transition from pelagic to benthic environments for marine organisms. Bacteria can therefore dictate species distribution and success of an individual. Despite the importance of marine bacteria to animal ecology, the identity of inductive microbes for many invertebrates are unknown. Here, we report the first successful isolation of bacteria from natural substrates capable of inducing settlement and metamorphosis of the planula larvae stage of a true jellyfish, the upside-down jellyfish
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Larva ; Ecosystem ; Invertebrates ; Scyphozoa ; Genomics ; Bacteria/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2379-5042
    ISSN (online) 2379-5042
    DOI 10.1128/msphere.00315-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Rational Design and In Vivo Characterization of mRNA-Encoded Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Combinations against HIV-1.

    Narayanan, Elisabeth / Falcone, Samantha / Elbashir, Sayda M / Attarwala, Husain / Hassett, Kimberly / Seaman, Michael S / Carfi, Andrea / Himansu, Sunny

    Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully as recombinant protein therapy; however, for HIV, multiple broadly neutralizing antibodies may be necessary. We used the mRNA-LNP platform for in vivo co-expression of 3 broadly neutralizing antibodies, ... ...

    Abstract Monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully as recombinant protein therapy; however, for HIV, multiple broadly neutralizing antibodies may be necessary. We used the mRNA-LNP platform for in vivo co-expression of 3 broadly neutralizing antibodies, PGDM1400, PGT121, and N6, directed against the HIV-1 envelope protein. mRNA-encoded HIV-1 antibodies were engineered as single-chain Fc (scFv-Fc) to overcome heavy- and light-chain mismatch. In vitro neutralization breadth and potency of the constructs were compared to their parental IgG form. We assessed the ability of these scFv-Fcs to be expressed individually and in combination in vivo, and neutralization and pharmacokinetics were compared to the corresponding full-length IgGs. Single-chain PGDM1400 and PGT121 exhibited neutralization potency comparable to parental IgG, achieving peak systemic concentrations ≥ 30.81 μg/mL in mice; full-length N6 IgG achieved a peak concentration of 974 μg/mL, but did not tolerate single-chain conversion. The mRNA combination encoding full-length N6 IgG and single-chain PGDM1400 and PGT121 was efficiently expressed in mice, achieving high systemic concentration and desired neutralization potency. Analysis of mice sera demonstrated each antibody contributed towards neutralization of multiple HIV-1 pseudoviruses. Together, these data show that the mRNA-LNP platform provides a promising approach for antibody-based HIV treatment and is well-suited for development of combination therapeutics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2661514-9
    ISSN 2073-4468 ; 2073-4468
    ISSN (online) 2073-4468
    ISSN 2073-4468
    DOI 10.3390/antib11040067
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Oral nucleic acid therapy using multicompartmental delivery systems.

    Attarwala, Husain / Han, Murui / Kim, Jonghan / Amiji, Mansoor

    Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology

    2017  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Nucleic acid-based therapeutics has the potential for treating numerous diseases by correcting abnormal expression of specific genes. Lack of safe and efficacious delivery strategies poses a major obstacle limiting clinical advancement of nucleic acid ... ...

    Abstract Nucleic acid-based therapeutics has the potential for treating numerous diseases by correcting abnormal expression of specific genes. Lack of safe and efficacious delivery strategies poses a major obstacle limiting clinical advancement of nucleic acid therapeutics. Oral route of drug administration has greater delivery challenges, because the administered genes or oligonucleotides have to bypass degrading environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in addition to overcoming other cellular barriers preventing nucleic acid delivery. For efficient oral nucleic acid delivery, vector should be such that it can protect encapsulated material during transit through the GI tract, facilitate efficient uptake and intracellular trafficking at desired target sites, along with being safe and well tolerated. In this review, we have discussed multicompartmental systems for overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers to oral delivery of nucleic acids. A nanoparticles-in-microsphere oral system-based multicompartmental system was developed and tested for in vivo gene and small interfering RNA delivery for treating colitis in mice. This system has shown efficient transgene expression or gene silencing when delivered orally along with favorable downstream anti-inflammatory effects, when tested in a mouse model of intestinal bowel disease. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1478. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1478 This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gastrointestinal Tract/chemistry ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acids/administration & dosage ; Nucleic Acids/pharmacokinetics ; Nucleic Acids/therapeutic use ; Transfection
    Chemical Substances Nucleic Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2502698-7
    ISSN 1939-0041 ; 1939-5116
    ISSN (online) 1939-0041
    ISSN 1939-5116
    DOI 10.1002/wnan.1478
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  8. Article ; Online: Cosilencing Intestinal Transglutaminase-2 and Interleukin-15 Using Gelatin-Based Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Model of Celiac Disease.

    Attarwala, Husain / Clausen, Valerie / Chaturvedi, Prasoon / Amiji, Mansoor M

    Molecular pharmaceutics

    2017  Volume 14, Issue 9, Page(s) 3036–3044

    Abstract: ... microscopy showed rapid internalization of gelatin nanoparticles within 2 h of dosing, with cytosolic ... at 72 h post siRNA treatment for both TG2 and IL-15 genes, which corresponded to ∼200 copies of RISC ...

    Abstract In this study, we have developed a type B gelatin nanoparticle based siRNA delivery system for silencing of intestinal transglutaminase-2 (TG2) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) genes in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and murine alveolar macrophage cells (J774A.1). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the TG2 or IL-15 gene was encapsulated within gelatin nanoparticles using ethanol-water solvent displacement method. Size, charge, and morphology of gelatin nanoparticles were evaluated using a Zetasizer instrument and transmission electron microscopy. siRNA encapsulation efficiency was determined using an siRNA specific stem-loop quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Cellular uptake of siRNA-containing gelatin nanoparticles was determined using fluorescent microscopy and stem-loop qPCR assay. siRNA loading in the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) was determined by immunoprecipitation of argonaute 2 (AGO2) protein followed by stem-loop qPCR for siRNA quantification. Gene expression analysis of TG2, IL-15, and the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), was performed using qPCR assays. Efficacy of silencing TG2 and IL-15 knockdown was evaluated in an in vitro model of celiac disease by utilizing immunogenic α-gliadin peptide p31-43 in cultured J774A.1 cells. siRNA-containing gelatin nanoparticles were spherical in shape with mean particle size and charge of 217 ± 8.39 nm and -6.2 ± 0.95 mV, respectively. siRNA loading efficiency within gelatin nanoparticles was found to be 89.3 ± 3.05%. Evaluations of cellular uptake using fluorescent microscopy showed rapid internalization of gelatin nanoparticles within 2 h of dosing, with cytosolic localization of delivered siRNA in Caco-2 cells. Gelatin nanoparticles showed greater intracellular siRNA exposure with a longer half-life, when compared to Lipofectamine-mediated siRNA delivery. Approximately 0.1% of total intracellular siRNA was associated in the RISC complex. A maximum knockdown of 60% was observed at 72 h post siRNA treatment for both TG2 and IL-15 genes, which corresponded to ∼200 copies of RISC associated siRNA. Further, efficacy of gelatin nanoparticle mediated knockdown of TG2 and IL-15 mRNA was tested in an in vitro model of celiac disease. Significant suppression in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) was observed in p31-43 stimulated J774A.1 cells upon either IL-15 or IL-15 + TG2 siRNA treatment. The results from this study indicate that gelatin nanoparticle mediated TG2 and IL-15 siRNA gene silencing is a very promising approach for the treatment of celiac disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Caco-2 Cells ; Celiac Disease/genetics ; Cell Line ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gelatin/chemistry ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukin-15/genetics ; Interleukin-15/metabolism ; Intestines/enzymology ; Intestines/metabolism ; Mice ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Transglutaminases/genetics ; Transglutaminases/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-15 ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; Gelatin (9000-70-8) ; transglutaminase 2 (EC 2.3.2.-) ; Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) ; GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2138405-8
    ISSN 1543-8392 ; 1543-8384
    ISSN (online) 1543-8392
    ISSN 1543-8384
    DOI 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00233
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Patisiran Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Exposure-Response Analyses in the Phase 3 APOLLO Trial in Patients With Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated (hATTR) Amyloidosis.

    Zhang, Xiaoping / Goel, Varun / Attarwala, Husain / Sweetser, Marianne T / Clausen, Valerie A / Robbie, Gabriel J

    Journal of clinical pharmacology

    2019  Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–49

    Abstract: Hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is an inherited, rapidly progressive, life-threatening disease caused by deposition of abnormal transthyretin protein. Patisiran is an RNA interference therapeutic comprising a novel, small ... ...

    Abstract Hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is an inherited, rapidly progressive, life-threatening disease caused by deposition of abnormal transthyretin protein. Patisiran is an RNA interference therapeutic comprising a novel, small interfering ribonucleic acid (ALN-18328) formulated in a lipid nanoparticle targeted to inhibit hepatic transthyretin protein synthesis. The lipid nanoparticle also contains 2 novel lipid excipients (DLin-MC3-DMA and PEG
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Intravenous ; Aged ; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/blood ; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/complications ; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Liposomes/administration & dosage ; Liposomes/therapeutic use ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nanoparticles/administration & dosage ; Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Polyneuropathies/drug therapy ; Polyneuropathies/etiology ; Prealbumin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Prealbumin/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage ; RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use ; RNAi Therapeutics ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Lipid Nanoparticles ; Liposomes ; Prealbumin ; RNA, Small Interfering ; patisiran (50FKX8CB2Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 188980-1
    ISSN 1552-4604 ; 0091-2700 ; 0021-9754
    ISSN (online) 1552-4604
    ISSN 0091-2700 ; 0021-9754
    DOI 10.1002/jcph.1480
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  10. Article: Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects.

    Steele, John W / Lin, Ying Linda / Chen, Nellie / Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J / Chen, Qiuying / Attarwala, Nabeel / Venkatesalu, Madhu / Cabrera, Robert M / Gross, Steven S / Finnell, Richard H

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 832492

    Abstract: Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase ... ...

    Abstract Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Thus, the utility of these drugs during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential presents a continuing public health challenge. Elucidating the underlying genetic or metabolic risk factors for VPA-affected pregnancies may lead to development of non-teratogenic ASMs, novel prevention strategies, or more targeted methods for managing epileptic pregnancies. To address this challenge, we performed unbiased, whole embryo metabolomic screening of E8.5 mouse embryos from two inbred strains with differential susceptibility to VPA-induced NTDs. We identified metabolites of differential abundance between the two strains, both in response to VPA exposure and in the vehicle controls. Notable enriched pathways included lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and several amino acid pathways, especially cysteine and methionine metabolism. There also was increased abundance of ω-oxidation products of VPA in the more NTD-sensitive strain, suggesting differential metabolism of the drug. Finally, we found significantly reduced levels of hypotaurine in the susceptible strain regardless of VPA status. Based on this information, we hypothesized that maternal supplementation with L-carnitine (400 mg/kg), coenzyme A (200 mg/kg), or hypotaurine (350 mg/kg) would reduce VPA-induced NTDs in the sensitive strain and found that administration of hypotaurine prior to VPA exposure significantly reduced the occurrence of NTDs by close to one-third compared to controls. L-carnitine and coenzyme A reduced resorption rates but did not significantly reduce NTD risk in the sensitive strain. These results suggest that genetic variants or environmental exposures influencing embryonic hypotaurine status may be factors in determining risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes when managing the health care needs of pregnant women exposed to VPA or other ASMs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2022.832492
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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