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Artikel ; Online: Serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Adams, John S / Gacad, Mercedes A / Baker, Andrew J / Gonzales, Benjamin / Rude, Robert K

2020 Band 9, Heft 3, Seite(n) 219–224

Abstract: We measured the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin ... ...

Abstract	We measured the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-01-18
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1495834-X
ISSN	1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
ISSN (online)	1098-2345
ISSN	0275-2565
DOI	10.1002/ajp.1350090307
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Reservoir Fish Escapement in North America: A Historical Review and Future Directions

Lewis, Madeline C. / Cope, W. Robert / Miles, Thomas P. / Rude, Claire / Bruesewitz, Richard E. / Dodd, Benjamin J. / Flammang, Mark K. / Page, Kevin S. / Weber, Robert / Weber, Michael J. / Wolter, Max

North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 2023 Apr., v. 43, no. 2 p.352-368

2023

Abstract: Downstream escapement of fishes from reservoirs via release structures can represent a loss to populations that is comparable to natural and harvest mortality. Consequently, quantifying and managing fish escapement constitute a critical component of ... ...

Abstract	Downstream escapement of fishes from reservoirs via release structures can represent a loss to populations that is comparable to natural and harvest mortality. Consequently, quantifying and managing fish escapement constitute a critical component of sustainable reservoir fish management. We reviewed existing literature to assess the state of knowledge of reservoir fish escapement and found 57 unique papers published from 1942 through 2021. Early studies sought to evaluate escapement by directly capturing fish below release structures. More recently, advances in technology have enabled more detailed studies on factors influencing escapement and the influence it has on regulating reservoir fisheries. Evaluations have occurred throughout North America, assessing escapement of 49 species through a number of different outlet structures. Annual escapement estimates ranged from 0% to 100%, and escapement tended to be higher from spillways and surface release outlets compared to other outlets. Further, smaller‐bodied individuals tended to escape at higher rates than larger fish and escapement was generally positively related to reservoir discharge metrics. Sixteen papers assessed benefits of physical and nonphysical barriers for reducing reservoir fish escapement and determined that the barriers were effective for retaining fish in reservoirs. We conclude by describing management options to address escapement as well as three pressing research needs that will broaden the existing knowledge base regarding fish escapement. In light of predicted changes in precipitation events and subsequent adaptations to reservoir management, quantifying and mitigating fish escapement will be a critical component of sustainable reservoir fish management in the future.
Schlagwörter	administrative management ; fish ; mortality ; North America
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2023-04
Umfang	p. 352-368.
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	779391-1
ISSN	0275-5947
ISSN	0275-5947
DOI	10.1002/nafm.10790
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated?

Rosanoff, Andrea / Weaver, Connie M / Rude, Robert K

Nutrition reviews

2012 Band 70, Heft 3, Seite(n) 153–164

Abstract: In comparison with calcium, magnesium is an "orphan nutrient" that has been studied considerably less heavily. Low magnesium intakes and blood levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, elevated C-reactive protein, hypertension, ...

Abstract	In comparison with calcium, magnesium is an "orphan nutrient" that has been studied considerably less heavily. Low magnesium intakes and blood levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, elevated C-reactive protein, hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular disease, sudden cardiac death, osteoporosis, migraine headache, asthma, and colon cancer. Almost half (48%) of the US population consumed less than the required amount of magnesium from food in 2005-2006, and the figure was down from 56% in 2001-2002. Surveys conducted over 30 years indicate rising calcium-to-magnesium food-intake ratios among adults and the elderly in the United States, excluding intake from supplements, which favor calcium over magnesium. The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United States increased sharply between 1994 and 2001 as the ratio of calcium-to-magnesium intake from food rose from <3.0 to >3.0. Dietary Reference Intakes determined by balance studies may be misleading if subjects have chronic latent magnesium deficiency but are assumed to be healthy. Cellular magnesium deficit, perhaps involving TRPM6/7 channels, elicits calcium-activated inflammatory cascades independent of injury or pathogens. Refining the magnesium requirements and understanding how low magnesium status and rising calcium-to-magnesium ratios influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and other inflammation-related disorders are research priorities.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Magnesium/administration & dosage ; Magnesium/blood ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Magnesium Deficiency/epidemiology ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritional Status ; United States/epidemiology
Chemische Substanzen	Calcium, Dietary ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2012-03
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	82067-2
ISSN	1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
ISSN (online)	1753-4887
ISSN	0029-6643
DOI	10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Magnesium deficiency in critical illness.

Tong, Garrison M / Rude, Robert K

Journal of intensive care medicine

2005 Band 20, Heft 1, Seite(n) 3–17

Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency commonly occurs in critical illness and correlates with a higher mortality and worse clinical outcome in the intensive care unit (ICU). Magnesium has been directly implicated in hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, tetany, and dysrhythmia. ...

Abstract	Magnesium (Mg) deficiency commonly occurs in critical illness and correlates with a higher mortality and worse clinical outcome in the intensive care unit (ICU). Magnesium has been directly implicated in hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, tetany, and dysrhythmia. Moreover, Mg may play a role in acute coronary syndromes, acute cerebral ischemia, and asthma. Magnesium regulates hundreds of enzyme systems. By regulating enzymes controlling intracellular calcium, Mg affects smooth muscle vasoconstriction, important to the underlying pathophysiology of several critical illnesses. The principle causes of Mg deficiency are gastrointestinal and renal losses; however, the diagnosis is difficult to make because of the limitations of serum Mg levels, the most common assessment of Mg status. Magnesium tolerance testing and ionized Mg2+ are alternative laboratory assessments; however, each has its own difficulties in the ICU setting. The use of Mg therapy is supported by clinical trials in the treatment of symptomatic hypomagnesemia and preeclampsia and is recommended for torsade de pointes. Magnesium therapy is not supported in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and is presently undergoing evaluation for the treatment of severe asthma exacerbation, for the prevention of post-coronary bypass grafting dysrhythmias, and as a neuroprotective agent in acute cerebral ischemia.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Asthma/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/physiology ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Magnesium Deficiency/diagnosis ; Magnesium Deficiency/drug therapy ; Magnesium Deficiency/physiopathology ; Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism ; Pregnancy
Chemische Substanzen	Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2005-01
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632828-3
ISSN	1525-1489 ; 0885-0666
ISSN (online)	1525-1489
ISSN	0885-0666
DOI	10.1177/0885066604271539
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels in platyrrhini and catarrhini: A comparative analysis with three different assays.

Adams, John S / Gacad, Mercedes A / Rude, Robert K / Deseran, Mark / Endres, David B / Mallette, Lawrence E

American journal of primatology

2015 Band 13, Heft 4, Seite(n) 425–433

Abstract: Serum concentrations of the hormonal form of vitamin ... ...

Abstract	Serum concentrations of the hormonal form of vitamin D
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2015-02-06
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1495834-X
ISSN	1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
ISSN (online)	1098-2345
ISSN	0275-2565
DOI	10.1002/ajp.1350130407
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Magnesium deficiency and osteoporosis: animal and human observations.

Rude, Robert K / Gruber, Helen E

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry

2004 Band 15, Heft 12, Seite(n) 710–716

Abstract: Although osteoporosis is a major health concern for our growing population of the elderly, there continues to be a need for well-designed clinical and animal studies on the link between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and osteoporosis. Relatively few ... ...

Abstract	Although osteoporosis is a major health concern for our growing population of the elderly, there continues to be a need for well-designed clinical and animal studies on the link between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and osteoporosis. Relatively few animal studies have assessed the skeletal and hormonal impact of long-term low Mg intake; however, these studies have demonstrated that Mg deficiency results in bone loss. Potential mechanisms include a substance P-induced release of inflammatory cytokines as well as impaired production of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Abnormal mineralization of bones may also contribute to skeletal fragility. Clinical studies have often varied greatly in study design, subject age, menopausal status and outcome variables that were assessed. Most studies focused on female subjects, thus pointing to the great need for studies on aging males. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the mean Mg intake for males and females is 323 and 228 mg/day, respectively. These intake levels suggest that a substantial number of people may be at risk for Mg deficiency, especially if concomitant disorders and/or medications place the individual at further risk for Mg depletion. In this paper, we will review animal and human evidence of the association of Mg deficiency with osteoporosis and explore possible mechanisms by which this may occur.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling/drug effects ; Diet ; Humans ; Magnesium/administration & dosage ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Magnesium Deficiency/epidemiology ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology ; Osteoporosis/etiology
Chemische Substanzen	Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2004-12
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	1014929-6
ISSN	1873-4847 ; 0955-2863
ISSN (online)	1873-4847
ISSN	0955-2863
DOI	10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.08.001
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Skeletal and hormonal effects of magnesium deficiency.

Rude, Robert K / Singer, Frederick R / Gruber, Helen E

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

2009 Band 28, Heft 2, Seite(n) 131–141

Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport. Mg deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. ... ...

Abstract	Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport. Mg deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is common problem accounting for 2 million fractures per year in the United States at a cost of over $17 billion dollars. The average dietary Mg intake in women is 68% of the RDA, indicating that a large proportion of our population has substantial dietary Mg deficits. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence for Mg deficiency-induced osteoporosis and potential reasons why this occurs, including a cumulative review of work in our laboratories and well as a review of other published studies linking Mg deficiency to osteoporosis. Epidemiological studies have linked dietary Mg deficiency to osteoporosis. As diets deficient in Mg are also deficient in other nutrients that may affect bone, studies have been carried out with select dietary Mg depletion in animal models. Severe Mg deficiency in the rat (Mg at <0.0002% of total diet; normal = 0.05%) causes impaired bone growth, osteopenia and skeletal fragility. This degree of Mg deficiency probably does not commonly exist in the human population. We have therefore induced dietary Mg deprivation in the rat at 10%, 25% and 50% of recommended nutrient requirement. We observed bone loss, decrease in osteoblasts, and an increase in osteoclasts by histomorphometry. Such reduced Mg intake levels are present in our population. We also investigated potential mechanisms for bone loss in Mg deficiency. Studies in humans and and our rat model demonstrated low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D levels, which may contribute to reduced bone formation. It is known that cytokines can increase osteoclastic bone resorption. Mg deficiency in the rat and/or mouse results in increased skeletal substance P, which in turn stimulates production of cytokines. With the use of immunohistocytochemistry, we found that Mg deficiency resulted in an increase in substance P, TNFalpha and IL1beta. Additional studies assessing the relative presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), found a decrease in OPG and an increase in RANKL favoring an increase in bone resorption. These data support the notion at dietary Mg intake at levels not uncommon in humans may perturb bone and mineral metabolism and be a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Bone Resorption/etiology ; Bone Resorption/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/administration & dosage ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Magnesium Deficiency/metabolism ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/deficiency ; Prevalence ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Rats ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
Chemische Substanzen	Osteoprotegerin ; Parathyroid Hormone ; RANK Ligand ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2009-10-06
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	603204-7
ISSN	1541-1087 ; 0731-5724
ISSN (online)	1541-1087
ISSN	0731-5724
DOI	10.1080/07315724.2009.10719764
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated?

Rosanoff, Andrea / Weaver, Connie M / Rude, Robert K

Nutrition reviews. 2012 Mar., v. 70, no. 3

2012

Abstract: In comparison with calcium, magnesium is an “orphan nutrient” that has been studied considerably less heavily. Low magnesium intakes and blood levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, elevated C‐reactive protein, hypertension, ...

Abstract	In comparison with calcium, magnesium is an “orphan nutrient” that has been studied considerably less heavily. Low magnesium intakes and blood levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, elevated C‐reactive protein, hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular disease, sudden cardiac death, osteoporosis, migraine headache, asthma, and colon cancer. Almost half (48%) of the US population consumed less than the required amount of magnesium from food in 2005–2006, and the figure was down from 56% in 2001–2002. Surveys conducted over 30 years indicate rising calcium‐to‐magnesium food‐intake ratios among adults and the elderly in the United States, excluding intake from supplements, which favor calcium over magnesium. The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United States increased sharply between 1994 and 2001 as the ratio of calcium‐to‐magnesium intake from food rose from <3.0 to >3.0. Dietary Reference Intakes determined by balance studies may be misleading if subjects have chronic latent magnesium deficiency but are assumed to be healthy. Cellular magnesium deficit, perhaps involving TRPM6/7 channels, elicits calcium‐activated inflammatory cascades independent of injury or pathogens. Refining the magnesium requirements and understanding how low magnesium status and rising calcium‐to‐magnesium ratios influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and other inflammation‐related disorders are research priorities.
Schlagwörter	Dietary Reference Intakes ; asthma ; balance studies ; blood ; calcium ; colorectal neoplasms ; death ; elderly ; food intake ; foods ; headache ; hypertension ; magnesium ; metabolic syndrome ; migraine ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; nutrients ; osteoporosis ; pathogens ; proteins ; surveys ; United States
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2012-03
Umfang	p. 153-164.
Erscheinungsort	Blackwell Publishing Inc
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	82067-2
ISSN	1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
ISSN (online)	1753-4887
ISSN	0029-6643
DOI	10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: Bone mineral density screening: assessment of influence on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Anastasopoulou, Catherine / Rude, Robert K

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

2002 Band 8, Heft 3, Seite(n) 199–201

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) screening on the decision to initiate preventive or therapeutic measures for osteoporosis.: Methods: We offered low-cost BMD screening by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) screening on the decision to initiate preventive or therapeutic measures for osteoporosis. Methods: We offered low-cost BMD screening by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and proximal femur in conjunction with National Osteoporosis Week. In an effort to assess whether the availability of the BMD measurements resulted in any medical action by the participants of the screening, we conducted a retrospective telephone survey 9 to 12 months after the screening. Results: In response to a newspaper promotion, 350 subjects underwent BMD screening during a 3- to 4-month period. Of these 332 female and 18 male participants, 83% were Caucasian, 10% were Asian, 5% were Hispanic, and 2% were African American. The mean age was 60 +/- 11 years (range, 29 to 93). Osteoporosis (T-score > or = -2.5) was present in 24% and osteopenia (T-score of -1 to -2.49) in 47% of the subjects. A report was sent to the participant and, if requested, also to a specified physician. Of the 350 participants, 249 (238 women and 11 men) responded to the telephone survey. Of these respondents, 63% had sought medical consultation after the BMD screening. Results of the BMD study led to an increase in calcium intake in 32% of female respondents (48% of those with osteoporosis). After BMD measurement, use of osteoporosis therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration increased from 38% to 78% of those with osteoporosis. Conclusion: These results suggest that low-cost BMD screening is highly effective in increasing awareness of osteoporosis, prompting medical consultation, and initiating measures for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis ; Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/economics ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/prevention & control ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control
Chemische Substanzen	Calcium, Dietary
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2002-05
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1473503-9
ISSN	1530-891X
ISSN	1530-891X
DOI	10.4158/EP.8.3.199
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Skeletal and Hormonal Effects of Magnesium Deficiency

Rude, Robert K / Singer, Frederick R / Gruber, Helen E

Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2009 Apr., v. 28, no. 2

2009

Abstract	Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport. Mg deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is common problem accounting for 2 million fractures per year in the United States at a cost of over $17 billion dollars. The average dietary Mg intake in women is 68% of the RDA, indicating that a large proportion of our population has substantial dietary Mg deficits. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence for Mg deficiency-induced osteoporosis and potential reasons why this occurs, including a cumulative review of work in our laboratories and well as a review of other published studies linking Mg deficiency to osteoporosis. Epidemiological studies have linked dietary Mg deficiency to osteoporosis. As diets deficient in Mg are also deficient in other nutrients that may affect bone, studies have been carried out with select dietary Mg depletion in animal models. Severe Mg deficiency in the rat (Mg at <0.0002% of total diet; normal = 0.05%) causes impaired bone growth, osteopenia and skeletal fragility. This degree of Mg deficiency probably does not commonly exist in the human population. We have therefore induced dietary Mg deprivation in the rat at 10%, 25% and 50% of recommended nutrient requirement. We observed bone loss, decrease in osteoblasts, and an increase in osteoclasts by histomorphometry. Such reduced Mg intake levels are present in our population. We also investigated potential mechanisms for bone loss in Mg deficiency. Studies in humans and and our rat model demonstrated low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25(OH)₂-vitamin D levels, which may contribute to reduced bone formation. It is known that cytokines can increase osteoclastic bone resorption. Mg deficiency in the rat and/or mouse results in increased skeletal substance P, which in turn stimulates production of cytokines. With the use of immunohistocytochemistry, we found that Mg deficiency resulted in an increase in substance P, TNFα and IL1β. Additional studies assessing the relative presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), found a decrease in OPG and an increase in RANKL favoring an increase in bone resorption. These data support the notion at dietary Mg intake at levels not uncommon in humans may perturb bone and mineral metabolism and be a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Schlagwörter	humans ; magnesium ; dietary minerals ; nutrient deficiencies ; receptors ; transcription factors ; osteoporosis ; nutrient intake ; mechanism of action ; epidemiology ; bone formation ; bone strength ; osteopenia ; osteoblasts ; osteoclasts ; bone resorption ; parathyroid hormone ; animal models ; rats ; immunocytochemistry ; substance P ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; interleukin-1
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2009-04
Umfang	p. 131-141.
Erscheinungsort	American College of Nutrition
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	603204-7
ISSN	1541-1087 ; 0731-5724
ISSN (online)	1541-1087
ISSN	0731-5724
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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