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Article ; Online: Management of complicated acute sinusitis in the setting of concurrent COVID-19.

Guy, Kevin / Lelegren, Matthew / Shomaker, Kyrie / Han, Joseph / Lam, Kent

2022 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 103603

Abstract: Purpose: Intraorbital and intracranial complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis require timely medical and surgical treatment to prevent the development of long-term neurologic sequelae. The era of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Intraorbital and intracranial complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis require timely medical and surgical treatment to prevent the development of long-term neurologic sequelae. The era of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has complicated the management of complicated acute rhinosinusitis, especially when patients have concurrent acute sinusitis and COVID-19 infection. This case series aims to highlight the clinical course of pediatric patients at a single tertiary pediatric hospital with concurrent complicated bacterial rhinosinusitis and COVID-19. Materials and methods: A search of pediatric patients treated for COVID-19 and complications from acute sinusitis was performed using billing records for the year 2020-2021 at a single pediatric tertiary hospital. Data regarding presentation, management, microbiology, and hospital course was collected for review. Results: A total of 6 patients with complicated bacterial sinusitis in the setting of COVID-19 infection were included. All patients were initially managed with medical therapy, consisting of systemic antibiotics, but 3 of these patients ultimately required surgical intervention. Cultures from the cohort grew Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus constellatus or Prevotella species. All patients experienced clinical improvements and were eventually discharged home with oral antibiotics. Conclusion: COVID-19 continues to be an unusual disease especially for the pediatric population. Concurrent complicated acute rhinosinusitis and COVID-19 appear to have higher rates of surgical requirement in the pediatric population. COVID-19 safety precautions have influenced management practices for patients with severe bacterial rhinologic infections. While there may be an association between complicated bacterial rhinosinusitis and COVID-19 infection, further research is necessary to determine a true correlation.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis/complications ; Rhinitis/microbiology ; Rhinitis/therapy ; Sinusitis/drug therapy ; Sinusitis/therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections/complications ; Staphylococcal Infections/therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	604541-8
ISSN	1532-818X ; 0196-0709
ISSN (online)	1532-818X
ISSN	0196-0709
DOI	10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103603
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Article ; Online: Combined orthodontic-orthognathic management of a patient with generalized short root anomaly and anterior open bite.

Marechal, Charlotte / Thierens, Laurent A M / De Pauw, Guy A M

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

2023 Volume 164, Issue 1, Page(s) 131–142

Abstract: Short root anomaly is a rare dental disorder affecting tooth root development. It is characterized by reduced root-to-crown ratios (1:1 or less) and rounded apices. The short roots introduce a potential complication during orthodontic treatment. This ... ...

Abstract	Short root anomaly is a rare dental disorder affecting tooth root development. It is characterized by reduced root-to-crown ratios (1:1 or less) and rounded apices. The short roots introduce a potential complication during orthodontic treatment. This case report describes managing a girl with generalized short root anomaly, an open bite, impacted maxillary canines, and a bilateral crossbite. In the first phase of treatment, the maxillary canines were extracted, and the transverse discrepancy was corrected with a bone-borne transpalatal distractor. In the second phase of treatment, a mandibular lateral incisor was removed, fixed appliances were placed in the mandibular arch, and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was performed. A satisfactory result was obtained without further root shortening, adequate smile esthetics, and 2.5-year posttreatment stability.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Open Bite/diagnostic imaging ; Open Bite/therapy ; Esthetics, Dental ; Malocclusion ; Tooth, Impacted/therapy ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Maxilla/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	356699-7
ISSN	1097-6752 ; 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
ISSN (online)	1097-6752
ISSN	0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
DOI	10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.05.004
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Article ; Online: The Relationship Between Stage of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Pattern Electroretinogram Latency.

Porciatti, Vittorio / Alba, Diego E / Feuer, William J / Davis, Janet / Guy, John / Lam, Byron L

Translational vision science & technology

2022 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 31

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the baseline steady-state pattern electroretinogram (SS-PERG) of patients with G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) with different stages of visual acuity (VA) loss before allotopic gene ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the baseline steady-state pattern electroretinogram (SS-PERG) of patients with G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) with different stages of visual acuity (VA) loss before allotopic gene therapy (GT). Methods: Patients (n = 28) were enrolled into groups (GT I: chronic bilateral VA ≤35 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS]; GT II: acute bilateral VA ≤35 ETDRS; GT III: acute unilateral, VA ≤35 ETDRS, and better eye VA ≥70 ETDRS) and tested with SS-PERG together with 210 age-matched normal controls (NCs). SS-PERG amplitude (nV) and latency (ms) of each eye were averaged for groups GT I, GT II, and NC. Symptomatic eyes (GT III-S) and asymptomatic eyes (GT III-A) of group GT III were included separately and accounted for by using generalized estimating equation (GEE) methods. Results: Compared to NC, SS-PERG amplitudes were reduced similarly by approximately 50% (P < 0.001) among all GT groups (NC > GT I, GT II, GT III-S, and GT III-A). SS-PERG latencies were shorter by ≥3.5 ms in all LHON groups and differed by disease stage (G III-A < NC, P = 0.002; GT III-S < GT III-A, P = 0.01; GT II < GT III-S, P = 0.03; GT I < NC, P < 0.001, but not different from other GT groups, all P > 0.1). Conclusions: Although SS-PERG amplitude reduction did not distinguish between disease stages, SS-PERG latency shortening occurred in asymptomatic eyes and symptomatic eyes and distinguished between disease stages. Translational relevance: SS-PERG latency shortening is consistent with primary damage of smaller/slower axons and sparing of larger/faster axons and may provide an objective staging of LHON, which may be helpful to determine efficacy in LHON trials.
MeSH term(s)	Electroretinography/methods ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/therapy ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Vision Disorders/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2674602-5
ISSN	2164-2591 ; 2164-2591
ISSN (online)	2164-2591
ISSN	2164-2591
DOI	10.1167/tvst.11.3.31
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Article ; Online: miComplete: weighted quality evaluation of assembled microbial genomes.

Hugoson, Eric / Lam, Wai Tin / Guy, Lionel

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

2019 Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 936–937

Abstract: Summary: Metagenomics and single-cell genomics have revolutionized the study of microorganisms, increasing our knowledge of microbial genomic diversity by orders of magnitude. A major issue pertaining to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and single- ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Metagenomics and single-cell genomics have revolutionized the study of microorganisms, increasing our knowledge of microbial genomic diversity by orders of magnitude. A major issue pertaining to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) is to estimate their completeness and redundancy. Most approaches rely on counting conserved gene markers. In miComplete, we introduce a weighting strategy, where we normalize the presence/absence of markers by their median distance to the next marker in a set of complete reference genomes. This approach alleviates biases introduced by the presence/absence of shorter DNA pieces containing many markers, e.g. ribosomal protein operons. Availability and implementation: miComplete is written in Python 3 and released under GPLv3. Source code and documentation are available at https://bitbucket.org/evolegiolab/micomplete. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MeSH term(s)	Genome, Microbial ; Genomics ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Software
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1422668-6
ISSN	1367-4811 ; 1367-4803
ISSN (online)	1367-4811
ISSN	1367-4803
DOI	10.1093/bioinformatics/btz664
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Article: Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients.

Lam, Guy / Zhou, Yuan / Wang, Jia-Xian / Tsui, Yat-Ping

World journal of stem cells

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 139–154

Abstract: Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world's leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. The latest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia. With the pandemic running rampant ... ...

Abstract	Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world's leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. The latest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia. With the pandemic running rampant for the past year, more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine storm. Effective therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under development are hence greatly sought after. Therapies harnessing stem cells and their derivatives have been established by basic research for their versatile capacity to specifically inhibit inflammation due to pneumonia and prevent alveolar/pulmonary fibrosis while enhancing antibacterial/antiviral immunity, thus significantly alleviating the severe clinical conditions of pneumonia. In recent clinical trials, mesenchymal stem cells have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-associated pneumonia morbidity and mortality; positioning these cells as worthy candidates for combating one of the greatest challenges of our time and shedding light on their prospects as a next-generation therapy to counter future challenges.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2583482-4
ISSN	1948-0210
ISSN	1948-0210
DOI	10.4252/wjsc.v13.i2.139
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Article: The Effectiveness of Internet-Guided Self-help Interventions to Promote Physical Activity Among Individuals With Depression: Systematic Review.

Tang, Yiling / Gierc, Madelaine / Lam, Raymond W / Liu, Sam / Faulkner, Guy

JMIR mental health

2022 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) e38049

Abstract: Background: Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Physical activity (PA) interventions have been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, not all patients have access to PA ... ...

Abstract	Background: Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Physical activity (PA) interventions have been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, not all patients have access to PA programing tailored for depression. Internet-guided self-help (IGSH) interventions may be an effective option for increasing PA among people with depression who cannot or prefer not to access supervised exercise treatment. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IGSH interventions in increasing PA and alleviating depressive symptoms in people with depression. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for randomized controlled trials and quasiexperimental studies using 9 electronic databases. The review was registered in PROSPERO (2020 CRD42020221713). Results: A total of 4 randomized controlled trials (430 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3 were web-based and 1 was app-based. Three studies found IGSH interventions to have medium to large effects on decreasing depressive symptoms but not on increasing PA compared with waitlist or usual care. One study showed increased self-reported PA but no significant difference in depressive symptoms in the intervention group compared with the control group. Goal setting was the most common behavior change technique used in the interventions. Dropout rates within the intervention groups were relatively low (0%-19%). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that IGSH PA interventions are feasible and have the potential to reduce depressive symptoms in people with depression. More well-designed and tailored interventions with different combinations of behavior change techniques, particularly those targeting the emotion domain, are needed to assess the overall effectiveness and feasibility of using IGSH interventions to increase PA among people with depression. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42020221713; https://tinyurl.com/ysaua5bu.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-12
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2798262-2
ISSN	2368-7959
ISSN	2368-7959
DOI	10.2196/38049
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Article ; Online: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Gene Therapy: Adverse Events and Visual Acuity Results of All Patient Groups.

Lam, Byron L / Feuer, William J / Davis, Janet L / Porciatti, Vittorio / Yu, Hong / Levy, Robert B / Vanner, Elizabeth / Guy, John

American journal of ophthalmology

2022 Volume 241, Page(s) 262–271

Abstract: Purpose: To assess safety of gene therapy in G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).: Design: Phase 1 clinical trial.: Methods: Setting: single institution.: Participants: Patients with G11778A LHON and chronic bilateral visual loss > ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To assess safety of gene therapy in G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Design: Phase 1 clinical trial. Methods: Setting: single institution. Participants: Patients with G11778A LHON and chronic bilateral visual loss >12 months (group 1, n = 11), acute bilateral visual loss <12 months (group 2, n = 9), or unilateral visual loss (group 3, n = 8). Intervention: unilateral intravitreal AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 injection with low, medium, high, and higher doses to worse eye for groups 1 and 2 and better eye for group 3. Outcome measures: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), adverse events, and vector antibody responses. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range, 12-36 months); BCVAs were compared with a published prospective natural history cohort with designated surrogate study and fellow eyes. Results: Incident uveitis (8 of 28, 29%), the only vector-related adverse event, resulted in no attributable vision sequelae and was related to vector dose: 5 of 7 (71%) higher-dose eyes vs 3 of 21 (14%) low-, medium-, or high-dose eyes (P < .001). Incident uveitis requiring treatment was associated with increased serum AAV2 neutralizing antibody titers (p=0.007) but not serum AAV2 polymerase chain reaction. Improvements of ≥15-letter BCVA occurred in some treated and fellow eyes of groups 1 and 2 and some surrogate study and fellow eyes of natural history subjects. All study eyes (BCVA ≥20/40) in group 3 lost ≥15 letters within the first year despite treatment. Conclusions: G11778A LHON gene therapy has a favorable safety profile. Our results suggest that if there is an efficacy effect, it is likely small and not dose related. Demonstration of efficacy requires randomization of patients to a group not receiving vector in either eye.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Dependovirus/genetics ; Dependovirus/metabolism ; Electroretinography ; Genetic Therapy/adverse effects ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics ; NADH Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vision Disorders/etiology ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial ; NADH Dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/j.ajo.2022.02.023
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Article ; Online: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Gene Therapy: Longitudinal Relationships Among Visual Function and Anatomical Measures.

Lam, Byron L / Feuer, William J / Porciatti, Vittorio / Davis, Janet L / Zheng, D Diane / Vanner, Elizabeth A / Savatovsky, Eleonore J / Alba, Diego E / Guy, John

American journal of ophthalmology

2023 Volume 257, Page(s) 113–128

Abstract: Purpose: To assess longitudinal relationships among visual function and anatomical measures of gene therapy in G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).: Design: Phase 1 clinical trial.: Methods: This was a single-institution study of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To assess longitudinal relationships among visual function and anatomical measures of gene therapy in G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Design: Phase 1 clinical trial. Methods: This was a single-institution study of patients with G11778A LHON. Patients with chronic bilateral visual loss >12 months (group 1, n = 11), acute bilateral visual loss <12 months (group 2, n = 9), or unilateral visual loss (group 3, n = 8) were administered unilateral intravitreal AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 injection with low, medium, high, and higher doses to worse eye for groups 1 and 2 and better eye for group 3. Oucome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field mean deviation (VF MD), steady-state pattern electroretinogram (SS-PERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) scores. Mean follow-up was 33.6 months (range = 18-36 months). Results: Baseline SS-PERG amplitude was much reduced in both eyes of all groups including asymptomatic eyes of group 3, and showed no appreciable changes irrespective of disease stage and treatment. Significant and progressive GCIPL and RNFL thinning occurred in all eyes; BCVA and VF MD fluctuated in treated and fellow eyes, with some eyes having modest improvement that may be related to natural history or to gene therapy. Mean NEI-VFQ-25 scores declined in group 3 subjects (P = .023), CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic eyes in LHON patients with unilateral visual loss may be beyond the window of effective neuroprotection given reduced GCIPL and SS-PERG. Randomization of patients to an untreated control group would help to assess treatment effect by accounting for variable natural history. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Genetic Therapy ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/therapy ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Vision Disorders/therapy ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.005
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Article ; Online: Changing pattern of sexually transmissible infections and HIV diagnosed in public sexual health services compared with other locations in New South Wales, 2010-14.

Bourne, Christopher / Lam, Meeyin / Selvey, Christine / Guy, Rebecca / Callander, Denton

Sexual health

2018 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 366–369

Abstract: Background In Australia, testing and treatment for HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is usually managed in general practice, while publicly funded sexual health clinics (PFSHC) attract people at higher risk for infection. The ... ...

Abstract	Background In Australia, testing and treatment for HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is usually managed in general practice, while publicly funded sexual health clinics (PFSHC) attract people at higher risk for infection. The proportion of HIV and STI diagnoses in New South Wales (NSW) occurring in PFSHC stratified by priority population was investigated. Methods: From 2010 to 2014, NSW notification frequencies for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, infectious syphilis, and HIV were compared with the number of diagnoses in PFSHC. The annual proportion of diagnoses at PFSHC was calculated and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests assessed trends. Diagnoses from PFSHC were also organised by priority population, including gay and bisexual men (GBM), people living with HIV, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people who use injecting drugs, sex workers and young people. Results: The annual proportion of HIV and STIs diagnosed at PFSHC increased (all P<0.001): chlamydia from 12% to 15%, gonorrhoea 23% to 38%, infectious syphilis 21% to 40% and HIV 22% to 30%. Overall, the majority of all infections diagnosed at PFSHC were among GBM, with the proportional distribution of chlamydia increasing from 32% to 46% among GBM (P<0.001) and decreasing among young people (50% to 40%; P<0.001). There were no other significant changes by population or infection at PFSHC. Conclusions: Increasing proportions of STI and HIV are being diagnosed at NSW PFSHC, mostly among GBM. PFSHC reorientation to priority populations continues to make a large and increasing contribution to STI and HIV control efforts in NSW.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bisexuality/statistics & numerical data ; Community Health Centers/organization & administration ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; New South Wales/epidemiology ; Primary Health Care/organization & administration ; Sexual Health/statistics & numerical data ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-14
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2256731-8
ISSN	1449-8987 ; 1448-5028
ISSN (online)	1449-8987
ISSN	1448-5028
DOI	10.1071/SH17183
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Article ; Online: Language and gender barriers to pain control after general surgery.

Kovoor, Joshua G / Bacchi, Stephen / Stretton, Brandon / Lam, Lydia / Jiang, Melinda / Gupta, Aashray K / Maddern, Guy J

ANZ journal of surgery

2022 Volume 93, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 104–107

Abstract: Background: Effective pain control is crucial to postoperative recovery and is affected by biopsychosocial factors. This study aimed to evaluate how non-English primary language, gender, and marital status may influence pain, length of stay, and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Effective pain control is crucial to postoperative recovery and is affected by biopsychosocial factors. This study aimed to evaluate how non-English primary language, gender, and marital status may influence pain, length of stay, and mortality after general surgery. Methods: Consecutive general surgical admissions over a two-year period to two tertiary hospitals were included. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between non-English primary language, gender, and marital status, and pain scores, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Explanatory variables that were controlled for in these analyses included age, birth country, whether a religion was specified, socioeconomic percentile, Charlson comorbidity index, and time of admission. Results: A total of 12 846 general surgery patients were included. When controlling for the aforementioned variables, including having a specified religion and being born overseas, having a non-English primary language was significantly independently associated with lower pain scores (odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.52-0.71, P < 0.001). Female gender was independently associated with an increased likelihood of higher pain scores (odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18, P = 0.024) and a lower likelihood of prolonged length of stay (odds ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0. 80-0.95, P = 0.002). None of the evaluated variables had a statistically significant association with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: This study is the first to characterize an association between general surgery patients with a non-English primary language and lower levels of postoperative pain. It was also found that female gender was associated with higher postoperative pain but lower length of hospital stay.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Language ; Hospitalization ; Length of Stay ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pain Management
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050749-5
ISSN	1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
ISSN (online)	1445-2197
ISSN	1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
DOI	10.1111/ans.18164
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