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Book ; Online: Geochemistry of ODP Site 145-882, supplementary data to: Jaccard, Samuel L; Galbraith, Eric D; Sigman, Daniel M; Haug, Gerald H; Francois, Roger; Pedersen, Thomas F; Dulski, Peter; Thierstein, Hans R (2009): Subarctic Pacific evidence for a glacial deepening of the oceanic respired carbon pool. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 277(1-2), 156-165

Jaccard, Samuel L / Dulski, Peter / Francois, Roger / Galbraith, Eric D / Haug, Gerald H / Pedersen, Thomas F / Sigman, Daniel M / Thierstein, Hans R

2009

Abstract: Measurements of benthic foraminiferal cadmium:calcium (Cd/Ca) have indicated that the glacial-interglacial change in deep North Pacific phosphate (PO4) concentration was minimal, which has been taken by some workers as a sign that the biological pump did ...

Abstract	Measurements of benthic foraminiferal cadmium:calcium (Cd/Ca) have indicated that the glacial-interglacial change in deep North Pacific phosphate (PO4) concentration was minimal, which has been taken by some workers as a sign that the biological pump did not store more carbon in the deep glacial ocean. Here we present sedimentary redox-sensitive trace metal records from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 882 (NW subarctic Pacific, water depth 3244 m) to make inferences about changes in deep North Pacific oxygenation - and thus respired carbon storage - over the past 150,000 yr. These observations are complemented with biogenic barium and opal measurements as indicators for past organic carbon export to separate the influences of deep-water oxygen concentration and sedimentary organic carbon respiration on the redox state of the sediment. Our results suggest that the deep subarctic Pacific water mass was depleted in oxygen during glacial maxima, though it was not anoxic. We reconcile our results with the existing benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca by invoking a decrease in the fraction of the deep ocean nutrient inventory that was preformed, rather than remineralized. This change would have corresponded to an increase in the deep Pacific storage of respired carbon, which would have lowered atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by sequestering CO2 away from the atmosphere and by increasing ocean alkalinity through a transient dissolution event in the deep sea. The magnitude of change in preformed nutrients suggested by the North Pacific data would have accounted for a majority of the observed decrease in glacial atmospheric pCO2.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-9999
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Publishing place	Bremen/Bremerhaven
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	This dataset is supplement to doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.017
DOI	10.1594/PANGAEA.716782
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Book ; Online: Age determination of ODP Hole 145-887, supplementary data to: Galbraith, Eric D; Jaccard, Samuel L; Pedersen, Thomas F; Sigman, Daniel M; Haug, Gerald H; Cook, Mea S; Southon, John R; Francois, Roger (2007): Carbon dioxide release from the North Pacific abyss during the last deglaciation. Nature, 449(7164), 890-894

Galbraith, Eric D / Cook, Mea S / Francois, Roger / Haug, Gerald H / Jaccard, Samuel L / Pedersen, Thomas F / Sigman, Daniel M / Southon, John R

2007

Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower during glacial periods than during intervening interglacial periods, but the mechanisms responsible for this difference remain uncertain. Many recent explanations call on greater carbon ... ...

Abstract	Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower during glacial periods than during intervening interglacial periods, but the mechanisms responsible for this difference remain uncertain. Many recent explanations call on greater carbon storage in a poorly ventilated deep ocean during glacial periods (Trancois et al., 1997, doi:10.1038/40073; Toggweiler, 1999, doi:10.1029/1999PA900033; Stephens and Keeling, 2000, doi:10.1038/35004556; Marchitto et al., 2007, doi:10.1126/science.1138679; Sigman and Boyle, 2000, doi:10.1038/35038000), but direct evidence regarding the ventilation and respired carbon content of the glacial deep ocean is sparse and often equivocal (Broecker et al., 2004, doi:10.1126/science.1102293). Here we present sedimentary geochemical records from sites spanning the deep subarctic Pacific that -together with previously published results (Keigwin, 1998, doi:10.1029/98PA00874)- show that a poorly ventilated water mass containing a high concentration of respired carbon dioxide occupied the North Pacific abyss during the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite an inferred increase in deep Southern Ocean ventilation during the first step of the deglaciation (18,000-15,000 years ago) (Marchitto et al., 2007, doi:10.1126/science.1138679; Monnin et al., 2001, doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.112), we find no evidence for improved ventilation in the abyssal subarctic Pacific until a rapid transition ~14,600?years ago: this change was accompanied by an acceleration of export production from the surface waters above but only a small increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (Monnin et al., 2001, doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.112). We speculate that these changes were mechanistically linked to a roughly coeval increase in deep water formation in the North Atlantic (Robinson et al., 2005, doi:10.1126/science.1114832; Skinner nd Shackleton, 2004, doi:10.1029/2003PA000983; McManus et al., 2004, doi:10.1038/nature02494), which flushed respired carbon dioxide from northern abyssal waters, but also increased the supply of nutrients to the upper ocean, leading to greater carbon dioxide sequestration at mid-depths and stalling the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Our findings are qualitatively consistent with hypotheses invoking a deglacial flushing of respired carbon dioxide from an isolated, deep ocean reservoir periods (Trancois et al., 1997, doi:10.1038/40073; Toggweiler, 1999, doi:10.1029/1999PA900033; Stephens and Keeling, 2000, doi:10.1038/35004556; Marchitto et al., 2007, doi:10.1126/science.1138679; Sigman and Boyle, 2000, doi:10.1038/35038000; Boyle, 1988, doi:10.1038/331055a0), but suggest that the reservoir may have been released in stages, as vigorous deep water ventilation switched between North Atlantic and Southern Ocean source regions.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-9999
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Publishing place	Bremen/Bremerhaven
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	This dataset is supplement to doi:10.1038/nature06227
DOI	10.1594/PANGAEA.769777
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article ; Online: How collectively integrated are ecological communities?

Zelnik, Yuval R / Galiana, Nuria / Barbier, Matthieu / Loreau, Michel / Galbraith, Eric / Arnoldi, Jean-François

Ecology letters

2024 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) e14358

Abstract: Beyond abiotic conditions, do population dynamics mostly depend on a species' direct predators, preys and conspecifics? Or can indirect feedback that ripples across the whole community be equally important? Determining where ecological communities sit on ...

Abstract	Beyond abiotic conditions, do population dynamics mostly depend on a species' direct predators, preys and conspecifics? Or can indirect feedback that ripples across the whole community be equally important? Determining where ecological communities sit on the spectrum between these two characterizations requires a metric able to capture the difference between them. Here we show that the spectral radius of a community's interaction matrix provides such a metric, thus a measure of ecological collectivity, which is accessible from imperfect knowledge of biotic interactions and related to observable signatures. This measure of collectivity integrates existing approaches to complexity, interaction structure and indirect interactions. Our work thus provides an original perspective on the question of to what degree communities are more than loose collections of species or simple interaction motifs and explains when pragmatic reductionist approaches ought to suffice or fail when applied to ecological communities.
MeSH term(s)	Models, Biological ; Biota ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.14358
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Article ; Online: Does catching more fish increase the subjective well-being of fishers? Insights from Bangladesh.

Miñarro, Sara / Selim, Samiya / Galbraith, Eric D

Ambio

2022 Volume 51, Issue 7, Page(s) 1673–1686

Abstract: Small-scale fisheries have been associated with the subjective well-being of coastal communities through their links with culture, identity, and social cohesion. But although fish catches are usually considered the primary ecosystem service that benefits ...

Abstract	Small-scale fisheries have been associated with the subjective well-being of coastal communities through their links with culture, identity, and social cohesion. But although fish catches are usually considered the primary ecosystem service that benefits fishers, little is known about how subjective well-being is influenced by the fishing activity itself. Here, we applied the experience sampling method in two small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh to assess the effects of fishing on fishers' occurrence of positive and negative affect, two measures of subjective well-being. We found that fishing activities were not directly associated with increased momentary affect and that the frequency of positive affect actually decreased as the fishing trip progressed. Furthermore, although very low catches were associated with less positive affect, the highest frequency of positive affect was achieved with relatively small catches. Our results imply that the benefits provided by small-scale fisheries to the momentary subjective well-being of fishers are not strongly related to the actual catching of fish.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bangladesh ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120759-3
ISSN	1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
ISSN (online)	1654-7209
ISSN	0044-7447
DOI	10.1007/s13280-021-01698-5
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Article ; Online: The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum.

Galbraith, Eric D / Skinner, Luke C

Annual review of marine science

2020 Volume 12, Page(s) 559–586

Abstract: Much of the global cooling during ice ages arose from changes in ocean carbon storage that lowered atmospheric ... ...

Abstract	Much of the global cooling during ice ages arose from changes in ocean carbon storage that lowered atmospheric CO
MeSH term(s)	Antarctic Regions ; Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Global Warming ; Ice Cover ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Membrane Transport Proteins ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2458404-6
ISSN	1941-0611 ; 1941-1405
ISSN (online)	1941-0611
ISSN	1941-1405
DOI	10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010906
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Article: Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems through the lens of the size spectrum.

Heneghan, Ryan F / Hatton, Ian A / Galbraith, Eric D

Emerging topics in life sciences

2021 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 233–243

Abstract: Climate change is a complex global issue that is driving countless shifts in the structure and function of marine ecosystems. To better understand these shifts, many processes need to be considered, yet they are often approached from incompatible ... ...

Abstract	Climate change is a complex global issue that is driving countless shifts in the structure and function of marine ecosystems. To better understand these shifts, many processes need to be considered, yet they are often approached from incompatible perspectives. This article reviews one relatively simple, integrated perspective: the abundance-size spectrum. We introduce the topic with a brief review of some of the ways climate change is expected to impact the marine ecosystem according to complex numerical models while acknowledging the limits to understanding posed by complex models. We then review how the size spectrum offers a simple conceptual alternative, given its regular power law size-frequency distribution when viewed on sufficiently broad scales. We further explore how anticipated physical aspects of climate change might manifest themselves through changes in the elevation, slope and regularity of the size spectrum, exposing mechanistic questions about integrated ecosystem structure, as well as how organism physiology and ecological interactions respond to multiple climatic stressors. Despite its application by ecosystem modellers and fisheries scientists, the size spectrum perspective is not widely used as a tool for monitoring ecosystem adaptation to climate change, providing a major opportunity for further research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2882721-1
ISSN	2397-8554 ; 2397-8554 ; 2397-8562
ISSN (online)	2397-8554
ISSN	2397-8554 ; 2397-8562
DOI	10.1042/ETLS20190042
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Article ; Online: Feasible future global scenarios for human life evaluations.

Barrington-Leigh, Christopher / Galbraith, Eric

Nature communications

2019 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 161

Abstract: Subjective well-being surveys show large and consistent variation among countries, much of which can be predicted from a small number of social and economic proxy variables. But the degree to which these life evaluations might feasibly change over coming ...

Abstract	Subjective well-being surveys show large and consistent variation among countries, much of which can be predicted from a small number of social and economic proxy variables. But the degree to which these life evaluations might feasibly change over coming decades, at the global scale, has not previously been estimated. Here, we use observed historical trends in the proxy variables to constrain feasible future projections of self-reported life evaluations to the year 2050. We find that projected effects of macroeconomic variables tend to lead to modest improvements of global average life evaluations. In contrast, scenarios based on non-material variables project future global average life evaluations covering a much wider range, lying anywhere from the top 15% to the bottom 25% of present-day countries. These results highlight the critical role of non-material factors such as social supports, freedoms, and fairness in determining the future of human well-being.
MeSH term(s)	Forecasting ; Global Health/trends ; Humans ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; Quality of Life ; Sociological Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-018-08002-2
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Article ; Online: Tax carbon to aid economic recovery.

Galbraith, Eric / van den Bergh, Jeroen

Nature

2020 Volume 581, Issue 7808, Page(s) 262

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/economics ; Conservation of Energy Resources/economics ; Conservation of Energy Resources/trends ; Coronavirus Infections/economics ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Fossil Fuels/economics ; Global Warming/economics ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Renewable Energy/economics ; Uncertainty
Chemical Substances	Fossil Fuels ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/d41586-020-01500-8
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Article: Does catching more fish increase the subjective well-being of fishers? Insights from Bangladesh

Miñarro, Sara / Selim, Samiya / Galbraith, Eric D.

Ambio. 2022 July, v. 51, no. 7

2022

Abstract	Small-scale fisheries have been associated with the subjective well-being of coastal communities through their links with culture, identity, and social cohesion. But although fish catches are usually considered the primary ecosystem service that benefits fishers, little is known about how subjective well-being is influenced by the fishing activity itself. Here, we applied the experience sampling method in two small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh to assess the effects of fishing on fishers’ occurrence of positive and negative affect, two measures of subjective well-being. We found that fishing activities were not directly associated with increased momentary affect and that the frequency of positive affect actually decreased as the fishing trip progressed. Furthermore, although very low catches were associated with less positive affect, the highest frequency of positive affect was achieved with relatively small catches. Our results imply that the benefits provided by small-scale fisheries to the momentary subjective well-being of fishers are not strongly related to the actual catching of fish.
Keywords	ecosystem services ; fish ; social cohesion ; Bangladesh
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 1673-1686.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120759-3
ISSN	1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
ISSN (online)	1654-7209
ISSN	0044-7447
DOI	10.1007/s13280-021-01698-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Feasible future global scenarios for human life evaluations

Christopher Barrington-Leigh / Eric Galbraith

Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Traditional studies of subjective well-being explain national differences using social and economic proxy variables. Here the authors build on this approach to estimate how global human well-being might evolve over the next three decades, and find that ... ...

Abstract	Traditional studies of subjective well-being explain national differences using social and economic proxy variables. Here the authors build on this approach to estimate how global human well-being might evolve over the next three decades, and find that changes in social factors could play a much larger role than changes in economic outcomes.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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