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  1. Article ; Online: Medical School Outcomes, Primary Care Specialty Choice, and Practice in Medically Underserved Areas by Physician Alumni of MEDPREP, a Postbaccalaureate Premedical Program for Underrepresented and Disadvantaged Students.

    Metz, Anneke M

    Teaching and learning in medicine

    2017  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 351–359

    Abstract: Problem: Minorities continue to be underrepresented as physicians in medicine, and the United States currently has a number of medically underserved communities. MEDPREP, a postbaccalaureate medical school preparatory program for socioeconomically ... ...

    Abstract Problem: Minorities continue to be underrepresented as physicians in medicine, and the United States currently has a number of medically underserved communities. MEDPREP, a postbaccalaureate medical school preparatory program for socioeconomically disadvantaged or underrepresented in medicine students, has a stated mission to increase the numbers of physicians from minority or disadvantaged backgrounds and physicians working with underserved populations. This study aims to determine how MEDPREP enhances U.S. physician diversity and practice within underserved communities.
    Intervention: MEDPREP recruits disadvantaged and underrepresented in medicine students to complete a 2-year academic enhancement program that includes science coursework, standardized test preparation, study/time management training, and emphasis on professional development. Five hundred twenty-five disadvantaged or underrepresented students over 15 years completed MEDPREP and were tracked through entry into medical practice.
    Context: MEDPREP accepts up to 36 students per year, with two thirds coming from the Midwest region and another 20% from nearby states in the South. Students complete science, test preparation, academic enhancement, and professionalism coursework taught predominantly by MEDPREP faculty on the Southern Illinois University Carbondale campus. Students apply broadly to medical schools in the region and nation but are also offered direct entry into our School of Medicine upon meeting articulation program requirements.
    Outcome: Seventy-nine percent of students completing MEDPREP became practicing physicians. Fifty-eight percent attended public medical schools, and 62% attended medical schools in the Midwest. Fifty-three percent of program alumni chose primary care specialties compared to 34% of U.S. physicians, and MEDPREP alumni were 2.7 times more likely to work in medically underserved areas than physicians nationally.
    Lessons learned: MEDPREP increases the number of disadvantaged and underrepresented students entering and graduating from medical school, choosing primary care specialties, and working in medically underserved areas. MEDPREP may therefore serve as a model for increasing physician diversity and addressing the needs of medically underserved communities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038640-3
    ISSN 1532-8015 ; 1040-1334
    ISSN (online) 1532-8015
    ISSN 1040-1334
    DOI 10.1080/10401334.2016.1275970
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Racial and ethnic underrepresentation in medicine: lessons from the past and a vision of the future.

    Metz, Anneke M

    Teaching and learning in medicine

    2013  Volume 25 Suppl 1, Page(s) S33–8

    Abstract: Southern Illinois University's Medical and Dental Education Program (MEDPREP) has helped nearly 1,000 students underrepresented in medicine matriculate into medical or dental school since its inception in 1972. All MEDPREP students are from ... ...

    Abstract Southern Illinois University's Medical and Dental Education Program (MEDPREP) has helped nearly 1,000 students underrepresented in medicine matriculate into medical or dental school since its inception in 1972. All MEDPREP students are from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, and approximately 90% are African American, Hispanic or Latino, or Native American. The program's success indicates underrepresented students whose undergraduate records deem them unacceptable as prospective medical school students in fact can, with intervention, go on to successfully practice medicine. MEDPREP was founded more than 40 years ago to address underrepresentation of these groups in medicine and on the 25th anniversary of Teaching and Learning in Medicine, we examine the continuing issues surrounding racial and ethnic parity in the ranks of medical education.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cultural Diversity ; Education, Dental ; Education, Medical ; Education, Predental ; Education, Premedical ; Educational Status ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Illinois ; Male ; Models, Educational ; Program Evaluation ; Schools, Dental/organization & administration ; Schools, Medical/organization & administration ; Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038640-3
    ISSN 1532-8015 ; 1040-1334
    ISSN (online) 1532-8015
    ISSN 1040-1334
    DOI 10.1080/10401334.2013.842908
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: The effect of access time on online quiz performance in large biology lecture courses.

    Metz, Anneke M

    Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

    2008  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 196–202

    Abstract: ... between midnight and 8 a.m. had significantly lower quiz grades than their peers. In addition, upper ...

    Abstract To better understand the dynamics of online student test taking, including the likelihood of cheating by large numbers of students, we examined test-taking patterns and outcomes of weekly online quizzes in two large undergraduate biology lecture courses. Students taking a quiz late in a 1-3-day quiz access period performed 10-15% worse on quizzes than the students who completed the quiz early. Quiz access time was also negatively correlated with performance in other course components and course grades. These patterns suggest that academic dishonesty was not a determinant in unsupervised online quiz performance. Students generally completed quizzes in late afternoon or evening hours, but students who completed quizzes between midnight and 8 a.m. had significantly lower quiz grades than their peers. In addition, upper-division students were more likely to characterize weekly online quizzes as more helpful for their learning than the lower-division students.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1470-8175
    ISSN 1470-8175
    DOI 10.1002/bmb.20184
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Teaching statistics in biology: using inquiry-based learning to strengthen understanding of statistical analysis in biology laboratory courses.

    Metz, Anneke M

    CBE life sciences education

    2008  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 317–326

    Abstract: There is an increasing need for students in the biological sciences to build a strong foundation in quantitative approaches to data analyses. Although most science, engineering, and math field majors are required to take at least one statistics course, ... ...

    Abstract There is an increasing need for students in the biological sciences to build a strong foundation in quantitative approaches to data analyses. Although most science, engineering, and math field majors are required to take at least one statistics course, statistical analysis is poorly integrated into undergraduate biology course work, particularly at the lower-division level. Elements of statistics were incorporated into an introductory biology course, including a review of statistics concepts and opportunity for students to perform statistical analysis in a biological context. Learning gains were measured with an 11-item statistics learning survey instrument developed for the course. Students showed a statistically significant 25% (p < 0.005) increase in statistics knowledge after completing introductory biology. Students improved their scores on the survey after completing introductory biology, even if they had previously completed an introductory statistics course (9%, improvement p < 0.005). Students retested 1 yr after completing introductory biology showed no loss of their statistics knowledge as measured by this instrument, suggesting that the use of statistics in biology course work may aid long-term retention of statistics knowledge. No statistically significant differences in learning were detected between male and female students in the study.
    MeSH term(s) Biology/education ; Data Collection ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Laboratories ; Learning ; Statistics as Topic/education ; Teaching
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2465176-X
    ISSN 1931-7913 ; 1931-7913
    ISSN (online) 1931-7913
    ISSN 1931-7913
    DOI 10.1187/cbe.07-07-0046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Caring for our own: the role of institutionalized support structures in Native American nursing student success.

    Cech, Erin A / Metz, Anneke M / Babcock, Tracy / Smith, Jessi L

    The Journal of nursing education

    2011  Volume 50, Issue 9, Page(s) 524–531

    Abstract: In this project, the authors asked 19 Native American baccalaureate nursing students to discuss their experiences with a formal institutionalized student support program called "Caring for Our Own: A Reservation/University Partnership Program." The ... ...

    Abstract In this project, the authors asked 19 Native American baccalaureate nursing students to discuss their experiences with a formal institutionalized student support program called "Caring for Our Own: A Reservation/University Partnership Program." The authors investigated the importance of different types of support structures within this program, as viewed by Native American nursing students. They distinguished between four institutionalized support structures: tangible, informational, emotional, and belonging. The authors found that students consider tangible support (such as stipends) to be comparatively less important than other types of support, particularly emotional and belonging support. Responses also revealed the importance of a fifth type of institutionalized support-motivational. The authors further discuss how these institutionalized support structures might lead to successful outcomes for Native American nursing students.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Female ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Learning ; Montana ; Motivation ; Social Identification ; Social Support ; Students, Nursing/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410686-6
    ISSN 0148-4834
    ISSN 0148-4834
    DOI 10.3928/01484834-20110517-01
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Effects of formal and informal support structures on the motivation of Native American students in nursing.

    Metz, Anneke M / Cech, Erin A / Babcock, Tracy / Smith, Jessi L

    The Journal of nursing education

    2011  Volume 50, Issue 7, Page(s) 388–394

    Abstract: Native Americans have traditionally been underrepresented in nursing. The authors surveyed 19 undergraduate nursing students participating in a university sponsored Native American nursing student support program and examined which social support factors ...

    Abstract Native Americans have traditionally been underrepresented in nursing. The authors surveyed 19 undergraduate nursing students participating in a university sponsored Native American nursing student support program and examined which social support factors influenced the students' success. Using validated quantitative measures from social psychology, the authors found that overall perceived social support, as well as support from the university sponsored program, positively influenced Native American students' identification with nursing, their interest in nursing, their perception of the value of nursing, and their motivation to continue pursuing nursing as a career. Conversely, perceptions of unfairness due to racial bias within the major negatively affected students' perception of the value of nursing, as well as their motivation to pursue a nursing career.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Career Choice ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Indians, North American/psychology ; Linear Models ; Motivation ; Social Support ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410686-6
    ISSN 0148-4834
    ISSN 0148-4834
    DOI 10.3928/01484834-20110415-01
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Postbaccalaureate premedical programs to promote physician-workforce diversity.

    Andriole, Dorothy A / McDougle, Leon / Bardo, Harold R / Lipscomb, Wanda D / Metz, Anneke M / Jeffe, Donna B

    Journal of best practices in health professions diversity : research, education and policy

    2015  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 1036–1048

    Abstract: There is a critical need for enhanced health-professions workforce diversity to drive excellence and to improve access to quality care for vulnerable and underserved populations. In the current higher education environment, post-baccalaureate premedical ... ...

    Abstract There is a critical need for enhanced health-professions workforce diversity to drive excellence and to improve access to quality care for vulnerable and underserved populations. In the current higher education environment, post-baccalaureate premedical programs with a special focus on diversity, sustained through consistent institutional funding, may be an effective institutional strategy to promote greater health professions workforce diversity, particularly physician-workforce diversity. In 2014, 71 of the 200 programs (36%) in a national post-baccalaureate premedical programs data base identified themselves as having a special focus on groups underrepresented in medicine and/or on economically or educationally disadvantaged students. Three post-baccalaureate premedical programs with this focus are described in detail and current and future challenges and opportunities for post-baccalaureate premedical programs are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Can random mutation mimic design?: a guided inquiry laboratory for undergraduate students.

    Kalinowski, Steven T / Taper, Mark L / Metz, Anneke M

    Genetics

    2006  Volume 174, Issue 3, Page(s) 1073–1079

    Abstract: Complex biological structures, such as the human eye, have been interpreted as evidence for a creator for over three centuries. This raises the question of whether random mutation can create such adaptations. In this article, we present an inquiry-based ... ...

    Abstract Complex biological structures, such as the human eye, have been interpreted as evidence for a creator for over three centuries. This raises the question of whether random mutation can create such adaptations. In this article, we present an inquiry-based laboratory experiment that explores this question using paper airplanes as a model organism. The main task for students in this investigation is to figure out how to simulate paper airplane evolution (including reproduction, inheritance, mutation, and selection). In addition, the lab requires students to practice analytic thinking and to carefully delineate the implications of their results.
    MeSH term(s) Biology/education ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Genetics/education ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Mutation ; Problem-Based Learning/organization & administration ; Research ; Students ; Teaching
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2167-2
    ISSN 1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
    ISSN (online) 1943-2631
    ISSN 0016-6731
    DOI 10.1534/genetics.106.061234
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: How are humans related to other primates? A guided inquiry laboratory for undergraduate students.

    Kalinowski, Steven T / Taper, Mark L / Metz, Anneke M

    Genetics

    2006  Volume 172, Issue 3, Page(s) 1379–1383

    Abstract: Understanding that phylogenies depict the evolutionary history of species is a critical concept for undergraduate biology students. We present an inquiry-based laboratory exercise exploring this concept in the context of the human phylogeny. This ... ...

    Abstract Understanding that phylogenies depict the evolutionary history of species is a critical concept for undergraduate biology students. We present an inquiry-based laboratory exercise exploring this concept in the context of the human phylogeny. This activity reinforces several important biological concepts and skills. Bolstered concepts include that evolution is descent with modification, that evolution is a genetic process, and that humans are closely related to apes. In terms of thinking skills, the lab gives students practice with hypothetical-deductive thinking, quantifying patterns from complex data, and evaluating evidence.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Curriculum ; Genetics/education ; Genetics/organization & administration ; Genetics/standards ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Primates/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2167-2
    ISSN 1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
    ISSN (online) 1943-2631
    ISSN 0016-6731
    DOI 10.1534/genetics.105.047977
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Giving back or giving up: Native American student experiences in science and engineering.

    Smith, Jessi L / Cech, Erin / Metz, Anneke / Huntoon, Meghan / Moyer, Christina

    Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology

    2014  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 413–429

    Abstract: Native Americans are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. We examine communal goal incongruence-the mismatch between students' emphasis on communal work goals and the noncommunal culture of STEM-as a possible ... ...

    Abstract Native Americans are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. We examine communal goal incongruence-the mismatch between students' emphasis on communal work goals and the noncommunal culture of STEM-as a possible factor in this underrepresentation. First, we surveyed 80 Native American STEM freshmen and found they more highly endorsed communal goals than individualistic work goals. Next, we surveyed 96 Native American and White American students in STEM and non-STEM majors and confirmed that both Native American men and women in STEM highly endorsed communal goals. In a third study, we conducted a follow-up survey and in-depth interviews with a subset of Native American STEM students in their second semester to assess their experiences of belonging uncertainty, intrinsic motivation, persistence intentions, and perceived performance in STEM as a function of their initial communal work goals. Results demonstrate the prominence of communal goals among incoming Native American freshman (especially compared with White male STEM majors) and the connection between communal goals and feelings of belonging uncertainty, low motivation, and perceived poor performance 1 semester later. The interview data illustrate that these issues are particularly salient for students raised within tribal communities, and that a communal goal orientation is not just a vague desire to "help others," but a commitment to helping their tribal communities. The interviews also highlight the importance of student support programs for fostering feelings of belonging. We end by discussing implications for interventions and institutional changes that may promote Native American student retention in STEM.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Educational Status ; Engineering/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Motivation ; Science/statistics & numerical data ; Social Identification ; Students/psychology ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1463411-9
    ISSN 1939-0106 ; 1099-9809
    ISSN (online) 1939-0106
    ISSN 1099-9809
    DOI 10.1037/a0036945
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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