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Article ; Online: Diet and gut microbial associations in irritable bowel syndrome according to disease subtype.

Wang, Yiqing / Ma, Wenjie / Mehta, Raaj / Nguyen, Long H / Song, Mingyang / Drew, David A / Asnicar, Francesco / Huttenhower, Curtis / Segata, Nicola / Wolf, Jonathan / Spector, Tim / Berry, Sarah / Staller, Kyle / Chan, Andrew T

Gut microbes

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 2262130

Abstract: The role of diet and the gut microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the interplay between dietary risk factors and gut microbiota in IBS subtypes using a food frequency ... ...

Abstract	The role of diet and the gut microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the interplay between dietary risk factors and gut microbiota in IBS subtypes using a food frequency questionnaire and stool metagenome data from 969 participants aged 18-65 years in the ZOE PREDICT 1 study, an intervention study designed to predict postprandial metabolic responses. We identified individuals with IBS subtype according to the Rome III criteria based on predominant bowel habits during symptom onset: diarrhea (i.e. looser), constipation (i.e. harder), and mixed. Participants with IBS-D (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Diarrhea/microbiology ; Constipation/complications ; Diet
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2575755-6
ISSN	1949-0984 ; 1949-0984
ISSN (online)	1949-0984
ISSN	1949-0984
DOI	10.1080/19490976.2023.2262130
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: First dose COVID-19 vaccine coverage amongst adolescents and children in England: an analysis of 3.21 million patients' primary care records in situ using OpenSAFELY.

Wellcome open research

2023 Volume 8, Page(s) 70

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-502X
ISSN	2398-502X
DOI	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18735.2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cavity Quantum Eliashberg Enhancement of Superconductivity.

Curtis, Jonathan B / Raines, Zachary M / Allocca, Andrew A / Hafezi, Mohammad / Galitski, Victor M

Physical review letters

2019 Volume 122, Issue 16, Page(s) 167002

Abstract: Driving a conventional superconductor with an appropriately tuned classical electromagnetic field can lead to an enhancement of superconductivity via a redistribution of the quasiparticles into a more favorable nonequilibrium distribution-a phenomenon ... ...

Abstract	Driving a conventional superconductor with an appropriately tuned classical electromagnetic field can lead to an enhancement of superconductivity via a redistribution of the quasiparticles into a more favorable nonequilibrium distribution-a phenomenon known as the Eliashberg effect. Here, we theoretically consider coupling a two-dimensional superconducting film to the quantized electromagnetic modes of a microwave resonator cavity. As in the classical Eliashberg case, we use a kinetic equation to study the effect of the fluctuating, dynamical electromagnetic field on the Bogoliubov quasiparticles. We find that when the photon and quasiparticle systems are out of thermal equilibrium, a redistribution of quasiparticles into a more favorable nonequilibrium steady state occurs, thereby enhancing superconductivity in the sample. We predict that by tailoring the cavity environment (e.g., the photon occupation and spectral functions), enhancement can be observed in a variety of parameter regimes, offering a large degree of tunability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.167002
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Article ; Online: Targeted mutagenesis in Anaplasma marginale to define virulence and vaccine development against bovine anaplasmosis.

Hove, Paidashe / Madesh, Swetha / Nair, Arathy / Jaworski, Deborah / Liu, Huitao / Ferm, Jonathan / Kleinhenz, Michael D / Highland, Margaret A / Curtis, Andrew K / Coetzee, Johann F / Noh, Susan M / Wang, Ying / Genda, Dominica / Ganta, Roman R

PLoS pathogens

2022 Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) e1010540

Abstract: Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these ... ...

Abstract	Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these pathogens. In addition, vaccines conferring protection against diseases caused by Anaplasma species are not available. Here, we describe a targeted mutagenesis method for deletion of the phage head-to-tail connector protein (phtcp) gene in Anaplasma marginale. The mutant did not cause disease and exhibited attenuated growth in its natural host (cattle). We then assessed its ability to confer protection against wild-type A. marginale infection challenge. Additionally, we compared vaccine protection with the mutant to that of whole cell A. marginale inactivated antigens as a vaccine (WCAV) candidate. Upon infection challenge, non-vaccinated control cattle developed severe disease, with an average 57% drop in packed cell volume (PCV) between days 26-31 post infection, an 11% peak in erythrocytic infection, and apparent anisocytosis. Conversely, following challenge, all animals receiving the live mutant did not develop clinical signs or anemia, or erythrocyte infection. In contrast, the WCAV vaccinees developed similar disease as the non-vaccinees following A. marginale infection, though the peak erythrocyte infection reduced to 6% and the PCV dropped 43%. This is the first study describing targeted mutagenesis and its application in determining in vivo virulence and vaccine development for an Anaplasma species pathogen. This study will pave the way for similar research in related Anaplasma pathogens impacting multiple hosts.
MeSH term(s)	Anaplasma ; Anaplasma marginale/genetics ; Anaplasmosis/genetics ; Anaplasmosis/prevention & control ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/microbiology ; Dogs ; Humans ; Mutagenesis ; Vaccine Development ; Virulence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2205412-1
ISSN	1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
ISSN (online)	1553-7374
ISSN	1553-7374
DOI	10.1371/journal.ppat.1010540
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Article ; Online: The impact of COVID-19 on medication reviews in English primary care. An OpenSAFELY-TPP analysis of 20 million adult electronic health records.

Wood, Christopher / Speed, Victoria / Fisher, Louis / Curtis, Helen J / Schaffer, Andrea L / Walker, Alex J / Croker, Richard / Brown, Andrew D / Cunningham, Christine / Hulme, William J / Andrews, Colm D / Butler-Cole, Ben F C / Evans, David / Inglesby, Peter / Dillingham, Iain / Bacon, Sebastian C J / Davy, Simon / Ward, Tom / Hickman, George /

Bridges, Lucy / O'Dwyer, Thomas / Maude, Steven / Smith, Rebecca M / Mehrkar, Amir / Bates, Chris / Cockburn, Jonathan / Parry, John / Hester, Frank / Harper, Sam / Goldacre, Ben / MacKenna, Brian

British journal of clinical pharmacology

2024

Abstract: Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to routine activity in primary care. Medication reviews are an important primary care activity ensuring safety and appropriateness of prescribing. A disruption could have significant negative ... ...

Abstract	Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to routine activity in primary care. Medication reviews are an important primary care activity ensuring safety and appropriateness of prescribing. A disruption could have significant negative implications for patient care. Using routinely collected data, our aim was first to describe codes used to record medication review activity and then to report the impact of COVID-19 on the rates of medication reviews. Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a cohort study of 20 million adult patient records in general practice, in-situ using the OpenSAFELY platform. For each month, between April 2019 and March 2022, we report the percentage of patients with a medication review coded monthly and in the previous 12 months with breakdowns by regional, clinical and demographic subgroups and those prescribed high-risk medications. Results: In April 2019, 32.3% of patients had a medication review coded in the previous 12 months. During the first COVID-19 lockdown, monthly activity decreased (-21.1% April 2020), but the 12-month rate was not substantially impacted (-10.5% March 2021). The rate of structured medication review in the last 12 months reached 2.9% by March 2022, with higher percentages in high-risk groups (care home residents 34.1%, age 90+ years 13.1%, high-risk medications 10.2%). The most used medication review code was Medication review done 314530002 (59.5%). Conclusions: There was a substantial reduction in the monthly rate of medication reviews during the pandemic but rates recovered by the end of the study period. Structured medication reviews were prioritized for high-risk patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188974-6
ISSN	1365-2125 ; 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
ISSN (online)	1365-2125
ISSN	0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
DOI	10.1111/bcp.16030
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Article ; Online: OpenSAFELY: The impact of COVID-19 on azathioprine, leflunomide and methotrexate monitoring, and factors associated with change in monitoring rate.

Brown, Andrew D / Fisher, Louis / Curtis, Helen J / Wiedemann, Milan / Hulme, William J / Speed, Victoria / Hopcroft, Lisa E M / Cunningham, Christine / Costello, Ruth E / Galloway, James B / Russell, Mark D / Bechman, Katie / Kurt, Zeyneb / Croker, Richard / Wood, Chris / Walker, Alex J / Schaffer, Andrea L / Bacon, Seb C J / Mehrkar, Amir /

Hickman, George / Bates, Chris / Cockburn, Jonathan / Parry, John / Hester, Frank / Harper, Sam / Goldacre, Ben / MacKenna, Brian

British journal of clinical pharmacology

2024

Abstract: Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented pressure on healthcare services. This study investigates whether disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) safety monitoring was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.: Methods: A population-based ... ...

Abstract	Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented pressure on healthcare services. This study investigates whether disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) safety monitoring was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted using the OpenSAFELY platform to access electronic health record data from 24.2 million patients registered at general practices using TPP's SystmOne software. Patients were included for further analysis if prescribed azathioprine, leflunomide or methotrexate between November 2019 and July 2022. Outcomes were assessed as monthly trends and variation between various sociodemographic and clinical groups for adherence with standard safety monitoring recommendations. Results: An acute increase in the rate of missed monitoring occurred across the study population (+12.4 percentage points) when lockdown measures were implemented in March 2020. This increase was more pronounced for some patient groups (70-79 year-olds: +13.7 percentage points; females: +12.8 percentage points), regions (North West: +17.0 percentage points), medications (leflunomide: +20.7 percentage points) and monitoring tests (blood pressure: +24.5 percentage points). Missed monitoring rates decreased substantially for all groups by July 2022. Consistent differences were observed in overall missed monitoring rates between several groups throughout the study. Conclusion: DMARD monitoring rates temporarily deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Deterioration coincided with the onset of lockdown measures, with monitoring rates recovering rapidly as lockdown measures were eased. Differences observed in monitoring rates between medications, tests, regions and patient groups highlight opportunities to tackle potential inequalities in the provision or uptake of monitoring services. Further research should evaluate the causes of the differences identified between groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188974-6
ISSN	1365-2125 ; 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
ISSN (online)	1365-2125
ISSN	0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
DOI	10.1111/bcp.16062
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "The prevalence and long-term health effects of long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

O'Mahoney, Lauren L / Routen, Ash / Gillies, Clare / Ekezie, Winifred / Welford, Anneka / Zhang, Alexa / Karamchandani, Urvi / Simms-Williams, Nikita / Cassambai, Shabana / Ardavani, Ashkon / Wilkinson, Thomas J / Hawthorne, Grace / Curtis, Ffion / Kingsnorth, Andrew P / Almaqhawi, Abdullah / Ward, Thomas / Ayoubkhani, Daniel / Banerjee, Amitava / Calvert, Melanie /

Shafran, Roz / Stephenson, Terence / Sterne, Jonathan / Ward, Helen / Evans, Rachael A / Zaccardi, Francesco / Wright, Shaney / Khunti, Kamlesh

EClinicalMedicine

2023 Volume 59, Page(s) 101959

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ISSN	2589-5370
ISSN (online)	2589-5370
DOI	10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101959
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: An overview on the evaluated video retrieval tasks at TRECVID 2022

Awad, George / Curtis, Keith / Butt, Asad / Fiscus, Jonathan / Godil, Afzal / Lee, Yooyoung / Delgado, Andrew / Godard, Eliot / Diduch, Lukas / Liu, Jeffrey / Graham, Yvette / Quenot, Georges

2023

Abstract: The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) is a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation with the goal of promoting progress in research and development of content-based exploitation and retrieval of information from digital video via open, ... ...

Abstract	The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) is a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation with the goal of promoting progress in research and development of content-based exploitation and retrieval of information from digital video via open, tasks-based evaluation supported by metrology. Over the last twenty-one years this effort has yielded a better understanding of how systems can effectively accomplish such processing and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID has been funded by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and other US government agencies. In addition, many organizations and individuals worldwide contribute significant time and effort. TRECVID 2022 planned for the following six tasks: Ad-hoc video search, Video to text captioning, Disaster scene description and indexing, Activity in extended videos, deep video understanding, and movie summarization. In total, 35 teams from various research organizations worldwide signed up to join the evaluation campaign this year. This paper introduces the tasks, datasets used, evaluation frameworks and metrics, as well as a high-level results overview. Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2104.13473, arXiv:2009.09984
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: In vivo detection of microstructural spinal cord lesions in dogs with degenerative myelopathy using diffusion tensor imaging

Johnson, Philippa J / Miller, Andrew D / Cheetham, Jonathan / Demeter, Elena A / Luh, Wen‐Ming / Loftus, John P / Stephan, Sarah L / Dewey, Curtis W / Barry, Erica F

Journal of veterinary internal medicine. 2021 Jan., v. 35, no. 1

2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes white matter spinal cord lesions. These lesions are undetectable on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), limiting diagnosis and monitoring of ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes white matter spinal cord lesions. These lesions are undetectable on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), limiting diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Spinal cord lesions cause disruption to the structural integrity of the axons causing water diffusion to become more random and less anisotropic. These changes are detectable by the technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which is highly sensitive to diffusion alterations secondary to white matter lesion development. OBJECTIVE: Perform spinal DTI on cohorts of dogs with and without DM to identify if lesions caused by DM will cause a detectable alteration in spinal cord diffusivity that correlates with neurological status. ANIMALS: Thirteen dogs with DM and 13 aged‐matched controls. METHODS: All animals underwent MRI with DTI of the entire spine. Diffusivity parameters fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured at each vertebral level and statistically compared between groups. RESULTS: Dogs with DM had significant decreases in FA within the regions of the spinal cord that had high expected lesion load. Decreases in FA were most significant in dogs with severe forms of the disease and correlated with neurological grade. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Findings suggest that FA has the potential to be a biomarker for spinal cord lesion development in DM and could play an important role in improving diagnosis and monitoring of this condition.
Keywords	anisotropy ; biomarkers ; diffusivity ; magnetism ; spinal cord ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Size	p. 352-362.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.16014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Targeted mutagenesis in Anaplasma marginale to define virulence and vaccine development against bovine anaplasmosis.

Paidashe Hove / Swetha Madesh / Arathy Nair / Deborah Jaworski / Huitao Liu / Jonathan Ferm / Michael D Kleinhenz / Margaret A Highland / Andrew K Curtis / Johann F Coetzee / Susan M Noh / Ying Wang / Dominica Genda / Roman R Ganta

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 18, Iss 5, p e

2022 Volume 1010540

Abstract	Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these pathogens. In addition, vaccines conferring protection against diseases caused by Anaplasma species are not available. Here, we describe a targeted mutagenesis method for deletion of the phage head-to-tail connector protein (phtcp) gene in Anaplasma marginale. The mutant did not cause disease and exhibited attenuated growth in its natural host (cattle). We then assessed its ability to confer protection against wild-type A. marginale infection challenge. Additionally, we compared vaccine protection with the mutant to that of whole cell A. marginale inactivated antigens as a vaccine (WCAV) candidate. Upon infection challenge, non-vaccinated control cattle developed severe disease, with an average 57% drop in packed cell volume (PCV) between days 26-31 post infection, an 11% peak in erythrocytic infection, and apparent anisocytosis. Conversely, following challenge, all animals receiving the live mutant did not develop clinical signs or anemia, or erythrocyte infection. In contrast, the WCAV vaccinees developed similar disease as the non-vaccinees following A. marginale infection, though the peak erythrocyte infection reduced to 6% and the PCV dropped 43%. This is the first study describing targeted mutagenesis and its application in determining in vivo virulence and vaccine development for an Anaplasma species pathogen. This study will pave the way for similar research in related Anaplasma pathogens impacting multiple hosts.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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