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Article ; Online: The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: What Neuroradiologists Need to Know.

Osborn, A G / Louis, D N / Poussaint, T Y / Linscott, L L / Salzman, K L

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 7, Page(s) 928–937

Abstract: Neuroradiologists play a key role in brain tumor diagnosis and management. Staying current with the latest classification systems and diagnostic markers is important to provide optimal patient care. Publication of the 2016 World Health Organization ... ...

Abstract	Neuroradiologists play a key role in brain tumor diagnosis and management. Staying current with the latest classification systems and diagnostic markers is important to provide optimal patient care. Publication of the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System introduced a paradigm shift in the diagnosis of CNS neoplasms. For the first time, both histologic features and genetic alterations were incorporated into the diagnostic framework, classifying and grading brain tumors. The newly published 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, May 2021, 5th edition, has added even more molecular features and updated pathologic diagnoses. We present, summarize, and illustrate the most salient aspects of the new 5th edition. We have selected the key "must know" topics for practicing neuroradiologists.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Central Nervous System ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A7462
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Article ; Online: Reply.

Cogswell, P M / Jack, C R / Barakos, J A / Barkhof, F / Benzinger, T S / Raji, C A / Poussaint, T Y / Ramanan, V K / Whitlow, C T

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2022 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) E6

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A7731
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Article ; Online: Correlation between Multiparametric MR Imaging and Molecular Genetics in Pontine Pediatric High-Grade Glioma.

Rameh, V / Vajapeyam, S / Ziaei, A / Kao, P / London, W B / Baker, S J / Chiang, J / Lucas, J / Tinkle, C L / Wright, K D / Poussaint, T Y

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2023 Volume 44, Issue 7, Page(s) 833–840

Abstract: Background and purpose: Molecular profiling is a crucial feature in the "integrated diagnosis" of CNS tumors. We aimed to determine whether radiomics could distinguish molecular types of pontine pediatric high-grade gliomas that have similar/overlapping ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Molecular profiling is a crucial feature in the "integrated diagnosis" of CNS tumors. We aimed to determine whether radiomics could distinguish molecular types of pontine pediatric high-grade gliomas that have similar/overlapping phenotypes on conventional anatomic MR images. Materials and methods: Baseline MR images from children with pontine pediatric high-grade gliomas were analyzed. Retrospective imaging studies included standard precontrast and postcontrast sequences and DTI. Imaging analyses included median, mean, mode, skewness, and kurtosis of the ADC histogram of the tumor volume based on T2 FLAIR and enhancement at baseline. Histone H3 mutations were identified through immunohistochemistry and/or Sanger or next-generation DNA sequencing. The log-rank test identified imaging factors prognostic of survival from the time of diagnosis. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher exact tests compared imaging predictors among groups. Results: Eighty-three patients had pretreatment MR imaging and evaluable tissue sampling. The median age was 6 years (range, 0.7-17 years); 50 tumors had a K27M mutation in Conclusions: ADC histogram parameters are correlated with histone H3 mutation status in pontine pediatric high-grade glioma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Histones/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Glioma/diagnostic imaging ; Glioma/genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Molecular Biology ; Mutation ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology
Chemical Substances	Histones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A7910
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Article ; Online: Establishing a Pediatric Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Research Review Process.

Katz-Wise, Sabra L / Shah, Snehal N / Melvin, Patrice / Boskey, Elizabeth R / Grice, Amanda W / Kornetsky, Susan / Young Poussaint, Tina / Whitley, Melicia Y / Stack, Anne M / Emans, S Jean / Hoerner, Benjamin / Horgan, James J / Ward, Valerie L

Pediatrics

2024 Volume 153, Issue 5

Abstract: Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) research is increasing, and there is a need for a more standardized approach for methodological and ethical review of this research. A supplemental review process for EDI-related human subject research protocols was ...

Abstract	Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) research is increasing, and there is a need for a more standardized approach for methodological and ethical review of this research. A supplemental review process for EDI-related human subject research protocols was developed and implemented at a pediatric academic medical center (AMC). The goal was to ensure that current EDI research principles are consistently used and that the research aligns with the AMC's declaration on EDI. The EDI Research Review Committee, established in January 2022, reviewed EDI protocols and provided recommendations and requirements for addressing EDI-related components of research studies. To evaluate this review process, the number and type of research protocols were reviewed, and the types of recommendations given to research teams were examined. In total, 78 research protocols were referred for EDI review during the 20-month implementation period from departments and divisions across the AMC. Of these, 67 were given requirements or recommendations to improve the EDI-related aspects of the project, and 11 had already considered a health equity framework and implemented EDI principles. Requirements or recommendations made applied to 1 or more stages of the research process, including design, execution, analysis, and dissemination. An EDI review of human subject research protocols can provide an opportunity to constructively examine and provide feedback on EDI research to ensure that a standardized approach is used based on current literature and practice.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Health Equity ; Pediatrics ; Cultural Diversity ; Child ; Academic Medical Centers/organization & administration ; Biomedical Research ; Research Design ; Social Inclusion ; Diversity, Equity, Inclusion
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.2023-062946
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Article ; Online: Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities with Emerging Alzheimer Disease Therapeutics: Detection and Reporting Recommendations for Clinical Practice.

Cogswell, P M / Barakos, J A / Barkhof, F / Benzinger, T S / Jack, C R / Poussaint, T Y / Raji, C A / Ramanan, V K / Whitlow, C T

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 9, Page(s) E19–E35

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies are emerging disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer disease that require brain MR imaging for eligibility assessment as well as for monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities ... ...

Abstract	Monoclonal antibodies are emerging disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer disease that require brain MR imaging for eligibility assessment as well as for monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities result from treatment-related loss of vascular integrity and may occur in 2 forms. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema or effusion are transient, treatment-induced edema or sulcal effusion, identified on T2-FLAIR. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with hemorrhage are treatment-induced microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis identified on T2* gradient recalled-echo. As monoclonal antibodies become more widely available, treatment screening and monitoring brain MR imaging examinations may greatly increase neuroradiology practice volumes. Radiologists must become familiar with the imaging appearance of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, how to select an appropriate imaging protocol, and report findings in clinical practice. On the basis of clinical trial literature and expert experience from clinical trial imaging, we summarize imaging findings of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, describe potential interpretation pitfalls, and provide recommendations for a standardized imaging protocol and an amyloid-related imaging abnormalities reporting template. Standardized imaging and reporting of these findings are important because an amyloid-related imaging abnormalities severity score, derived from the imaging findings, is used along with clinical status to determine patient management and eligibility for continued monoclonal antibody dosing.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Amyloid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Amyloid ; Antibodies, Monoclonal
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A7586
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Article: Multisystem Inflammatory-like Syndrome in a Child Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.

Poussaint, Tina Y / LaRovere, Kerri L / Newburger, Jane W / Chou, Janet / Nigrovic, Lise E / Novak, Tanya / Randolph, Adrienne G

Vaccines

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: A 12-year-old male was presented to the hospital with acute encephalopathy, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated troponin after recent COVID-19 vaccination. Two days prior to admission and before symptom onset, he received the second dose of the ... ...

Abstract	A 12-year-old male was presented to the hospital with acute encephalopathy, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated troponin after recent COVID-19 vaccination. Two days prior to admission and before symptom onset, he received the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Symptoms developed within 24 h with worsening neurologic symptoms, necessitating admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Brain magnetic resonance imaging within 16 h of admission revealed a cytotoxic splenial lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). Nineteen days prior to admission, he developed erythema migrans, and completed an amoxicillin treatment course for clinical Lyme disease. However, Lyme antibody titers were negative on admission and nine days later, making active Lyme disease an unlikely explanation for his presentation to hospital. An extensive workup for other etiologies on cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples was negative, including infectious and autoimmune causes and known immune deficiencies. Three weeks after hospital discharge, all of his symptoms had dissipated, and he had a normal neurologic exam. Our report highlights a potential role of mRNA vaccine-induced immunity leading to MIS-C-like symptoms with cardiac involvement and a CLOCC in a recently vaccinated child and the complexity of establishing a causal association with vaccination. The child recovered without receipt of immune modulatory treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10010043
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Expert-level pediatric brain tumor segmentation in a limited data scenario with stepwise transfer learning.

Boyd, Aidan / Ye, Zezhong / Prabhu, Sanjay / Tjong, Michael C / Zha, Yining / Zapaishchykova, Anna / Vajapeyam, Sridhar / Hayat, Hasaan / Chopra, Rishi / Liu, Kevin X / Nabavidazeh, Ali / Resnick, Adam / Mueller, Sabine / Haas-Kogan, Daphne / Aerts, Hugo J W L / Poussaint, Tina / Kann, Benjamin H

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Abstract: Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI)-automated tumor delineation for pediatric gliomas would enable real-time volumetric evaluation to support diagnosis, treatment response assessment, and clinical decision-making. Auto-segmentation algorithms for ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI)-automated tumor delineation for pediatric gliomas would enable real-time volumetric evaluation to support diagnosis, treatment response assessment, and clinical decision-making. Auto-segmentation algorithms for pediatric tumors are rare, due to limited data availability, and algorithms have yet to demonstrate clinical translation. Methods: We leveraged two datasets from a national brain tumor consortium (n=184) and a pediatric cancer center (n=100) to develop, externally validate, and clinically benchmark deep learning neural networks for pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) segmentation using a novel in-domain, stepwise transfer learning approach. The best model [via Dice similarity coefficient (DSC)] was externally validated and subject to randomized, blinded evaluation by three expert clinicians wherein clinicians assessed clinical acceptability of expert- and AI-generated segmentations via 10-point Likert scales and Turing tests. Results: The best AI model utilized in-domain, stepwise transfer learning (median DSC: 0.877 [IQR 0.715-0.914]) versus baseline model (median DSC 0.812 [IQR 0.559-0.888]; Conclusions: Stepwise transfer learning enabled expert-level, automated pediatric brain tumor auto-segmentation and volumetric measurement with a high level of clinical acceptability. This approach may enable development and translation of AI imaging segmentation algorithms in limited data scenarios.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.06.29.23292048
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Article: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important imaging modalities in pediatric neuroradiology.

Poussaint, T Y

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI

2001 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 359

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurology ; Pediatrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1112716-8
ISSN	0899-3459
ISSN	0899-3459
DOI	10.1097/00002142-200112000-00001
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Article ; Online: Imaging of back pain in children.

Rodriguez, D P / Poussaint, T Y

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2009 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 787–802

Abstract: While back pain presents less frequently in children than in adults, it still poses a significant clinical challenge with respect to making a firm diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan. When children have back pain and medical attention is ...

Abstract	While back pain presents less frequently in children than in adults, it still poses a significant clinical challenge with respect to making a firm diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan. When children have back pain and medical attention is sought, an underlying pathology is usually suspected. Pediatric patients are evaluated, first, with a complete clinical history and examination and, second, by an imaging work-up that is based on initial findings, including the child's age and size, signs and symptoms, and suspected etiology. This article describes 1) the epidemiology of back pain in children, 2) the imaging work-up used, and 3) the correlation of imaging findings with disease entities that may cause back pain in the pediatric patient. The list of diseases giving rise to back pain is not meant to be exhaustive but rather reflective of the most commonly identified pathologies and disorders among young children and adolescents, from athletic injuries to lethal cancers.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Back Pain/diagnosis ; Back Pain/etiology ; Child ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases/complications ; Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis ; Spinal Diseases/complications ; Spinal Diseases/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A1832
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Article: Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric brain tumors: state of the art.

Poussaint, T Y

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI

2001 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 411–433

Abstract: Over the past 25 years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has developed into the primary imaging tool for evaluation of the central nervous system. MRI is the essential imaging study in the twenty-first century for the evaluation of the child with a brain ...

Abstract	Over the past 25 years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has developed into the primary imaging tool for evaluation of the central nervous system. MRI is the essential imaging study in the twenty-first century for the evaluation of the child with a brain tumor for initial preoperative diagnosis, treatment planning and image-guided therapies. This article provides an overview of the locations and MRI features of common pediatric tumors of childhood.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms/classification ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1112716-8
ISSN	0899-3459
ISSN	0899-3459
DOI	10.1097/00002142-200112000-00004
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