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Article ; Online: Tannin extracted from Sumac inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration

Hanieh Zargham / Ramin Zargham

McGill Journal of Medicine, Vol 11, Iss

2020 Volume 2

Abstract: Background – Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is integral in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) berries are believed to have atheroprotective effects. Therefore, Sumac, which is a rich source of tannin antioxidants, ... ...

Abstract	Background – Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is integral in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) berries are believed to have atheroprotective effects. Therefore, Sumac, which is a rich source of tannin antioxidants, was tested for its capacity to inhibit VSMC migratory activity. Materials & Methods – Tannin was extracted and purified from ground Sumac. Cultured rat carotid VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of tannin. After 10 days of tannin treatment, VSMC migratory activity in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB was measured by transmembrane migration assay. An equal number of VSMCs was loaded on top of the inserts and at the bottom of the wells.After fixation and staining, cells migrating through the inserts and cells seeded at the bottom of the wells were counted. Results – A significant reduction (62%) of VSMC migration was evident in tannin-treated cells. To rule out any possible toxicity and cell death, cells at the bottom of the wells were also counted. No difference between the tannin-treated group and the controls was observed in the number of cells seeded at the bottom of the wells.Conclusion – Our data suggest that tannin extracted from Sumac possesses potent antimigratory activity. Sumac may have potential for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Further experiments, especially in vivo, are required to examine the atheroprotective effect of Sumac.
Keywords	vascular smooth muscle cell ; migration ; atherosclerosis ; sumac ; tannin ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	McGill University
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Conditions associated with the need for additional needle passes in ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration with rapid on-site pathology evaluation.

Zargham, Ramin / Johnson, Hannah / Anderson, Scott / Ciolino, Allison

Diagnostic cytopathology

2020 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 105–108

Abstract: Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is a valuable tool for specimen adequacy assessment in thyroid ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-guided FNA). To reduce the risk of nondiagnostic samples, additional needle passes may be needed ...

Abstract	Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is a valuable tool for specimen adequacy assessment in thyroid ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-guided FNA). To reduce the risk of nondiagnostic samples, additional needle passes may be needed at ROSE to ensure adequate sampling. Recommendations regarding the number of aspirates to ensure specimen adequacy are not well defined. Furthermore, there are limited data regarding nodule characteristics that may require increased sampling. In this study, we investigate conditions associated with requiring more than three needle passes during ROSE. Methods: A retrospective quality review of all patients who underwent US-guided thyroid FNA by a single board-certified radiologist over a 1-year period was performed. A total of 122 patients were identified: 70 with three passes performed and 52 with more than three passes to achieve adequacy. Result: Our data demonstrate that large nodules (≥3 cm) were more likely than small nodules (≤1.1 cm) to require more than three passes to achieve adequacy. If a nodule was predominantly cystic or mixed cystic and solid, the sample was often adequate with only three passes. In cases of thyroiditis or nodules suspicious or diagnostic of neoplasia, there is a trend to require only three passes for adequacy. Conclusion: On the basis of the data presented in this study, cytopathologists should be prepared for the potential need to obtain additional needle passes in larger (≥3 cm) nodules and provide reassurance to patients that this is an anticipated finding for these larger nodules.
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy/methods ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Specimen Handling/methods ; Thyroid Gland/pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology ; Thyroid Nodule/pathology ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632710-2
ISSN	1097-0339 ; 8755-1039
ISSN (online)	1097-0339
ISSN	8755-1039
DOI	10.1002/dc.24605
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Article ; Online: Evolution of an invasive ductal carcinoma to a small cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report.

Hussain, Marya / Abbott, Marcia / Zargham, Ramin / Pabani, Aliyah / Khan, Omar F

Medicine

2022 Volume 101, Issue 2, Page(s) e28433

Abstract: Rationale: Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer and presents a complex diagnostic and treatment challenge, due to paucity of data. To the best of our knowledge, most cases of breast SCC reported in the literature describe a de ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer and presents a complex diagnostic and treatment challenge, due to paucity of data. To the best of our knowledge, most cases of breast SCC reported in the literature describe a de novo breast primary. Our case is unique as it describes the evolution of an invasive ductal carcinoma after treatment into a SCC of the breast. Patient concerns and diagnosis: We report a case of a 53-year-old female, lifelong non-smoker, who initially presented with breast mass noted on self examination. Breast and axillary lymph node biopsy demonstrated a hormone receptor positive invasive ductal carcinoma with a metastatic T3 lesion. Intervention: She was treated with first-line palbociclib/letrozole with initial clinical response, and at progression was switched to capecitabine with no response. Repeat biopsy of the axillary lesion showed evolution of the tumor into a triple negative breast cancer. She was then treated with third-line paclitaxel and radiation therapy with good initial response. She eventually had further disease progression and presented with a new mediastinal lymphadenopathy causing SVC syndrome. Biopsy of this showed a small cell variant of breast neuroendocrine carcinoma. Due to the evolution of histology in this case, a retrospective review of her initial breast specimen as well as the second biopsy from the axilla was conducted which confirmed that the mediastinal lymphadenopathy was metastatic from the original breast tumor. Outcomes and lessons: We speculate that the initial treatment allowed a minority of treatment-resistant neuroendocrine cells to grow and become the dominant face of the tumor. Our patient had an excellent response to carboplatin/etoposide and consolidative locoregional radiotherapy but presented with an early intracranial recurrence. This is a similar pattern of metastases as seen in lung SCC and highlights a potential role for prophylactic cranial irradiation in breast SCC. Further studies are needed to better understand the biology and treatment of breast SCC which continues to present a challenge for clinicians.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphadenopathy ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000028433
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Article ; Online: Tensegrin in context: Dual role of α8 integrin in the migration of different cell types.

Zargham, Ramin

Cell adhesion & migration

2010 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 485–490

Abstract: α8β1 integrin is highly expressed in cells with contractile function, such as mesangial cells of the kidneys and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although it promotes migration of neural crest cells and breast cancer cells, recent studies suggest ... ...

Abstract	α8β1 integrin is highly expressed in cells with contractile function, such as mesangial cells of the kidneys and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although it promotes migration of neural crest cells and breast cancer cells, recent studies suggest that α8 integrin has a negative regulatory role in VSMC migration. In this review, the question of why α8β1 integrin plays a dual role in cell migration is raised and discussed. It seems that cells require optimum contractility and balanced tensile forces for migration. α8β1 integrin promotes migration of cells that are initially in a less than optimal contractile state (e.g. neural cells) and reduces the migration of cells known as contractile cells. α8β1 integrin can be called “Tensegrin” as it fits perfectly into the tensegrity model (tensional integrity) and seems to play a prominent role in the integration of the tensile forces.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Integrins/physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology ; Stress, Mechanical
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Differentiation ; Integrins ; integrin alpha8beta1
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2268518-2
ISSN	1933-6926 ; 1933-6918
ISSN (online)	1933-6926
ISSN	1933-6918
DOI	10.4161/cam.4.4.12403
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Article ; Online: Preventing restenosis after angioplasty: a multistage approach.

Zargham, Ramin

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

2008 Volume 114, Issue 4, Page(s) 257–264

Abstract: Arterial reconstruction procedures, including balloon angioplasty, stenting and coronary artery bypass, are used to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic arteries. Restenosis of these arteries has remained a major limitation of the application of these ... ...

Abstract	Arterial reconstruction procedures, including balloon angioplasty, stenting and coronary artery bypass, are used to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic arteries. Restenosis of these arteries has remained a major limitation of the application of these procedures, especially in the case of balloon angioplasty. Post-angioplasty restenosis results from two major processes: neointimal formation and constrictive remodelling. Neointimal formation is initiated by arterial injury with a resultant loss of contractile phenotype in tunica media, leading to VSMC [vascular SM (smooth muscle) cell] migration from the tunica media to the intima. Migrated VSMCs contribute to the intimal thickening by the excessive synthesis of ECM (extracellular matrix) and proliferation. However, increased neointimal mass is not solely responsible for luminal narrowing. Inward constrictive remodelling is also considered as a major cause of delayed failure of angioplasty. At later stages after angioplasty, the increase in contractile forces leads to lumen narrowing. Recent studies show that SM contractile proteins are re-expressed in the neointima, concomitant with late lumen loss. Therefore one important question is whether the restoration of contractile phenotype, which can suppress VSMC migration, is favourable or detrimental. In this review, the importance of viewing restenosis as a multistage process is discussed. Different stages of restenosis occur in a sequential manner and are related to each other, but in each stage a different strategy should be taken into consideration to reduce restenosis. Defining the role of each process not only reshapes the current concept, but also helps us to target restenosis with more efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects ; Animals ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Restenosis/etiology ; Coronary Restenosis/pathology ; Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	rho-Associated Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	206835-7
ISSN	1470-8736 ; 0301-0538 ; 0009-0360 ; 0143-5221
ISSN (online)	1470-8736
ISSN	0301-0538 ; 0009-0360 ; 0143-5221
DOI	10.1042/CS20070228
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Article: Tannin extracted from Sumac inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration.

Zargham, Hanieh / Zargham, Ramin

McGill journal of medicine : MJM : an international forum for the advancement of medical sciences by students

2009 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 119–123

Abstract: Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is integral in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) berries are believed to have atheroprotective effects. Therefore, Sumac, which is a rich source of tannin antioxidants, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is integral in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) berries are believed to have atheroprotective effects. Therefore, Sumac, which is a rich source of tannin antioxidants, was tested for its capacity to inhibit VSMC migratory activity. Materials & methods: Tannin was extracted and purified from ground Sumac. Cultured rat carotid VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of tannin. After 10 days of tannin treatment, VSMC migratory activity in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB was measured by transmembrane migration assay. An equal number of VSMCs was loaded on top of the inserts and at the bottom of the wells. After fixation and staining, cells migrating through the inserts and cells seeded at the bottom of the wells were counted. Results: A significant reduction (62%) of VSMC migration was evident in tannin-treated cells. To rule out any possible toxicity and cell death, cells at the bottom of the wells were also counted. No difference between the tannin-treated group and the controls was observed in the number of cells seeded at the bottom of the wells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that tannin extracted from Sumac possesses potent antimigratory activity. Sumac may have potential for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Further experiments, especially in vivo, are required to examine the atheroprotective effect of Sumac.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-01-16
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1433496-3
ISSN	1715-8125 ; 1201-026X
ISSN (online)	1715-8125
ISSN	1201-026X
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Article ; Online: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: How Do They Differ?

Ghazawi, Feras M / Zargham, Ramin / Gilardino, Mirko S / Sasseville, Denis / Jafarian, Fatemeh

Advances in skin & wound care

2017 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 582–595

Abstract: General purpose: To provide information about the clinical presentation of hypertrophic scars and keloids based on their varied structural components.: Target audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician ... ...

Abstract	General purpose: To provide information about the clinical presentation of hypertrophic scars and keloids based on their varied structural components. Target audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. Learning objectives/outcomes: After completing this continuing education activity, you should be able to: ABSTRACT: Hypertrophic scars and keloids are firm, raised, erythematous plaques or nodules that manifest when the cicatrix fails to properly heal. They result from pathologic wound healing and often cause pain and decreased quality of life. The appearance of such cosmetically unappealing scars affects the confidence and self-esteem of many patients. These scars can also cause dysfunction by interfering with flexion and extension across joints. Both possess some unique and distinct histochemical and physiologic characteristics that set them apart morphologically and at the molecular level. While these entities have been the focus of research for many years, differentiating between them remains challenging for clinicians.This article reviews the clinical presentation of aberrant scars and illustrates how they can be differentiated. It outlines their pathophysiology and emphasizes the unique molecular mechanisms underlying each disorder. It also examines how altered expression levels and the distribution of several factors may contribute to their unique clinical characteristics and presentation. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal treatments and preventive measures for these types of aberrant scarring.
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy, Needle ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/etiology ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/pathology ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/physiopathology ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/therapy ; Collagen/metabolism ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Progression ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Elastin/metabolism ; Female ; Fibrillin-1/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keloid/etiology ; Keloid/pathology ; Keloid/physiopathology ; Keloid/therapy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries/complications ; Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Fibrillin-1 ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Elastin (9007-58-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2012792-3
ISSN	1538-8654 ; 1527-7941
ISSN (online)	1538-8654
ISSN	1527-7941
DOI	10.1097/01.ASW.0000527576.27489.0f
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Article ; Online: Linear atrophoderma of Moulin: an underrecognized entity.

Zahedi Niaki, Omid / Sissons, Wendy / Nguyen, Van-Hung / Zargham, Ramin / Jafarian, Fatemeh

Pediatric rheumatology online journal

2015 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

Abstract: Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is an acquired skin condition that manifests in early childhood and adolescence. It likely represents a form of cutaneous mosaicism that presents with linear, hyperpigmented and atrophic lesions appearing on the trunk ... ...

Abstract	Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is an acquired skin condition that manifests in early childhood and adolescence. It likely represents a form of cutaneous mosaicism that presents with linear, hyperpigmented and atrophic lesions appearing on the trunk and limbs. Its clinical appearance varies and may closely resemble that of atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini (APP) and linear scleroderma. LAM usually follows a benign course and no effective treatment options exist. We present a case of a young and healthy patient that developed such lesions on her upper and lower extremities over 5 years. The initial clinical impression of linear scleroderma was reviewed in favor of LAM following histological examination of the lesions which revealed no significant inflammatory changes. LAM remains a rare and possibly under recognized entity with reports confined only to the dermatologic literature. This case highlights the importance of recognizing LAM and distinguishing it from linear scleroderma given the significant differences in management and prognosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation/diagnosis ; Scleroderma, Localized/diagnosis ; Skin/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2279468-2
ISSN	1546-0096 ; 1546-0096
ISSN (online)	1546-0096
ISSN	1546-0096
DOI	10.1186/s12969-015-0036-6
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Article: Alpha 8 integrin expression is required for maintenance of the smooth muscle cell differentiated phenotype.

Zargham, Ramin / Thibault, Gaétan

Cardiovascular research

2006 Volume 71, Issue 1, Page(s) 170–178

Abstract: Objective: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) de-differentiation is a prerequisite for migration from the tunica media to the intima after vascular injury. Integrin cell adhesion molecules participate in VSMC phenotype modulation. Alpha 8 beta 1 ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) de-differentiation is a prerequisite for migration from the tunica media to the intima after vascular injury. Integrin cell adhesion molecules participate in VSMC phenotype modulation. Alpha 8 beta 1 integrin is a differentiation marker of VSMCs and its knockdown heightens migration. In the present study, we examined whether or not alpha 8 integrin is required for the maintenance of VSMC differentiated phenotype. Methods: Alpha 8 integrin in rat VSMC was knocked down by short interference RNA (siRNA) targeting alpha 8 integrin in comparison to a non-silencing siRNA. Cytoskeletal and morphological changes in VSMC were examined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of phenotype-dependent markers was analyzed by immunoblotting. Results: Alpha 8 integrin gene silencing evoked drastic changes in characteristics of the VSMC differentiated phenotype, including VSMC morphology, actin fibre organization, focal adhesion assembly and the expression of phenotype-dependent markers in favor of de-differentiation. Then, we investigated whether or not phenotype modulation induced by alpha 8 integrin gene silencing could be reversed by an inducer of VSMC differentiation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) failed to upregulate smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain as well as the assembly of parallel actin fibres in VSMCs transfected by siRNA-alpha 8. In addition, TGF-beta-induced vinculin localization at the tip of the cells was impaired by alpha 8 integrin gene silencing. Conclusion: These data suggest that alpha 8 integrin expression is required for maintenance of the VSMC differentiated phenotype, a state that is crucial for non-motile VSMCs.
MeSH term(s)	Actins/analysis ; Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Blotting, Western/methods ; Carotid Arteries ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Targeting ; Integrin alpha Chains/genetics ; Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains/analysis ; Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism ; Phenotype ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Tunica Intima/cytology ; Tunica Intima/metabolism ; Vinculin/analysis ; Vinculin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Actins ; Biomarkers ; Integrin alpha Chains ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; integrin alpha8 ; Vinculin (125361-02-6) ; Myosin Heavy Chains (EC 3.6.4.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80340-6
ISSN	1755-3245 ; 0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
ISSN	0008-6363
DOI	10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.03.003
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Article: alpha8beta1 Integrin expression in the rat carotid artery: involvement in smooth muscle cell migration and neointima formation.

Zargham, Ramin / Thibault, Gaétan

Cardiovascular research

2005 Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 813–822

Abstract: Objective: Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the tunica media to the intima is a key event in neointima formation after coronary artery angioplasty. The central dogma in VSMC migration is cell modulation from the contractile to the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the tunica media to the intima is a key event in neointima formation after coronary artery angioplasty. The central dogma in VSMC migration is cell modulation from the contractile to the noncontractile phenotype. Increased alpha8beta1 integrin expression, observed in situations where the majority of cells are in the contractile phenotype, led us to hypothesize that a decrease of alpha8beta1 integrin may play an important role in the migratory state of VSMCs. Methods and results: To test this hypothesis, neointima formation was induced in the left common carotid artery of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by balloon dilatation. Immunohistochemical and Western blotting analysis showed reduced expression for up to 4 weeks of both the alpha8 and beta1 integrin subunits as well as smooth muscle alpha-actin in the tunica media following balloon injury. Moreover, ex vivo culture of carotid VSMCs revealed diminished alpha8 integrin expression in the platelet-derived growth-factor-dependent migratory state with an increase in the angiotensin-II-induced contractile state. To ascertain the functional role of alpha8 integrin in VSMC migration and proliferation, alpha8 gene expression was reduced by nearly 70% by short interference RNA (siRNA). Decreased alpha8 expression resulted in a significant increase of carotid VSMC migration but not of proliferation. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with those of other studies demonstrating that alpha8 integrin could be used as an appropriate differentiation marker. In addition, depressed alpha8 integrin expression (after vascular injury or siRNA knockdown) was correlated with heightened cell migratory activity, demonstrating its potential role in neointima formation.
MeSH term(s)	Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects ; Animals ; Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism ; Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology ; Carotid Artery, Common/metabolism ; Carotid Artery, Common/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Integrins/genetics ; Integrins/metabolism ; Integrins/physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection ; Tunica Intima/metabolism ; Tunica Intima/pathology
Chemical Substances	Integrins ; RNA, Small Interfering ; integrin alpha8beta1
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80340-6
ISSN	1755-3245 ; 0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
ISSN	0008-6363
DOI	10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.11.021
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