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Article ; Online: Can Clinical Response Predict Pathologic Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Esophageal Cancer?

Khaitan, Puja G / Holliday, Tyler / Carroll, Austin / Hofstetter, Wayne L / Bayley, Erin M / Zhou, Nicolas / Desale, Sameer / Watson, Thomas J

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

2022 Volume 26, Issue 7, Page(s) 1345–1351

Abstract: Objectives: Approximately 20-40% of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer will achieve a pathologic complete response (ypCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Predicting ypCR based on a clinical complete response (ycCR) has been ...

Abstract	Objectives: Approximately 20-40% of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer will achieve a pathologic complete response (ypCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Predicting ypCR based on a clinical complete response (ycCR) has been a challenge. This study assessed the correlation between ycCR and ypCR, as determined from esophagectomy specimens. Methods: Patients undergoing esophagectomy following nCRT at three major institutions between 2005 and 2018 were reviewed. Restaging, including PET/CT, endoscopy with biopsy, and esophageal ultrasound (EUS), was performed to determine ycCR. Results: Six hundred sixty patients were included, with 93.3% with esophageal adenocarcinoma histology. Six hundred fifty-eight of these patients underwent PET, 304 EUS, and 584 underwent a biopsy. Following nCRT, 148 (22.4%) were found to have a ypCR. Only 12/32 (37.5%) determined to have a ycCR were found to have a ypCR, while 136/628 (21.6%) with a non-ycCR were found to have a ypCR (p 0.075). Individual modality PPV was 28% for PET, 54% for EUS, and 26% for biopsy. When PET was combined with EUS, 168 reports were concordant and the PPV of ypCR was 50%, though the number of patients was low (1/2). With all 3 re-staging modalities combined, the PPV and NPV both rose to 100%. Conclusions: Current restaging tools cannot reliably predict ypCR after nCRT. While multimodal restaging appears to be a more accurate predictor of ypCR than any testing modality alone, patients cannot reliably be advised to avoid an esophagectomy on the assumption that ycCR predicts ypCR at this time.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy ; Esophagectomy ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2012365-6
ISSN	1873-4626 ; 1934-3213 ; 1091-255X
ISSN (online)	1873-4626 ; 1934-3213
ISSN	1091-255X
DOI	10.1007/s11605-022-05315-y
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Article ; Online: SYK coordinates neuroprotective microglial responses in neurodegenerative disease.

Ennerfelt, Hannah / Frost, Elizabeth L / Shapiro, Daniel A / Holliday, Coco / Zengeler, Kristine E / Voithofer, Gabrielle / Bolte, Ashley C / Lammert, Catherine R / Kulas, Joshua A / Ulland, Tyler K / Lukens, John R

Cell

2022 Volume 185, Issue 22, Page(s) 4135–4152.e22

Abstract: Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for the brain's professional phagocytes, microglia, and their receptors in the control of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and myelin debris accumulation in neurodegenerative disease. However, the critical ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for the brain's professional phagocytes, microglia, and their receptors in the control of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and myelin debris accumulation in neurodegenerative disease. However, the critical intracellular molecules that orchestrate neuroprotective functions of microglia remain poorly understood. In our studies, we find that targeted deletion of SYK in microglia leads to exacerbated Aβ deposition, aggravated neuropathology, and cognitive defects in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disruption of SYK signaling in this AD model was further shown to impede the development of disease-associated microglia (DAM), alter AKT/GSK3β-signaling, and restrict Aβ phagocytosis by microglia. Conversely, receptor-mediated activation of SYK limits Aβ load. We also found that SYK critically regulates microglial phagocytosis and DAM acquisition in demyelinating disease. Collectively, these results broaden our understanding of the key innate immune signaling molecules that instruct beneficial microglial functions in response to neurotoxic material.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Phagocytosis
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Syk protein, mouse (EC 2.7.10.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.030
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Article ; Online: Disparities in Rural Breast Cancer Care: Factors Affecting Choice of Breast Reconstruction in a West Virginia Tertiary Care Hospital.

Holliday, Tyler L / Suggs, Patrick D / Thompson, Stephanie N / Richmond, Bryan K

The American surgeon

2017 Volume 83, Issue 7, Page(s) 717–721

Abstract: The decision to pursue immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IBR) is not uniform across all groups of women in the United States. We sought to investigate if the challenges of caring for a socioeconomically and geographically challenged rural ... ...

Abstract	The decision to pursue immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IBR) is not uniform across all groups of women in the United States. We sought to investigate if the challenges of caring for a socioeconomically and geographically challenged rural population affected the incidence of IBR and to identify predictive factors of IBR in this population. Using our institution's cancer registry, we conducted a 10-year review of women with early-stage, unilateral breast cancer who received mastectomy. Demographics, insurance status, comorbidities, and surgeon graduation year were compared for patients receiving IBR versus no reconstruction. Variables with P < 0.05 on univariate analysis were included into a multivariate logistic regression model to determine independent predictors of IBR. From 2006 to 2015, 53/423 (12.5%) patients underwent IBR. On multivariate analysis, three factors independently predicted the decision to undergo IBR: age (P = 0.004), insurance type (P = 0.034), and use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM, P < 0.001). Our data indicate that age, insurance type, and utilization of CPM influence the decision to pursue reconstruction. Additionally, the rate of IBR was found to be much lower in our West Virginia population than reported nationally, suggesting disparities in the care of women with early-stage, unilateral breast cancer in a rural population, even in a tertiary care environment.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Mammaplasty/statistics & numerical data ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Patient Preference/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; United States ; West Virginia
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202465-2
ISSN	1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
ISSN (online)	1555-9823
ISSN	0003-1348
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Article ; Online: Factors Affecting Choice of Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer in West Virginia: A 10-Year Experience from a Rural Tertiary Care Center.

Suggs, Patrick D / Holliday, Tyler L / Thompson, Stephanie N / Richmond, Bryan K

The American surgeon

2017 Volume 83, Issue 7, Page(s) 709–716

Abstract: Recent literature shows changing trends in use of breast conservation surgery (BCS), mastectomy, and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in women with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC). We analyzed factors associated with selection of these ... ...

Abstract	Recent literature shows changing trends in use of breast conservation surgery (BCS), mastectomy, and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in women with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC). We analyzed factors associated with selection of these treatment modalities in a rural West Virginia tertiary care hospital. We conducted a 10-year analysis of women treated for ESBC at our institution from the institutional cancer registry. Variables were compared between patients choosing BCS versus mastectomy. In women who chose mastectomy, predictors for choice of CPM were also examined. Variables with P < 0.05 on univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to define independent predictors of treatment choice. The mastectomy rate increased from 18.0 per cent in 2006 to 40.2 per cent in 2013. On multivariate analysis, insurance status (P < 0.001), comorbidities (P = 0.001), and surgeon graduation after 1987-a surrogate for surgeon age-(P = 0.010) predicted receipt of mastectomy. Of those receiving mastectomy, 106 (25.1%) elected CPM. CPM rates increased from 8.0 per cent in 2006 to 45.0 per cent in 2013. Younger age at diagnosis (P < 0.001) and use of preoperative MRI (P = 0.012) independently predicted use of CPM versus unilateral mastectomy. Rates of mastectomy and CPM in ESBC have increased in West Virginia over time. Independent predictors of selecting mastectomy over BCS included insurance status, surgeon age, and associated comorbidities. Younger patients and patients receiving preoperative MRI were more likely to choose CPM. Awareness of these factors will aid in counseling women with ESBC and allow clinicians to address potential biases or disparities that may affect treatment choices. Further prospective study of these findings is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Patient Preference/statistics & numerical data ; Prophylactic Mastectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Health Services ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; West Virginia
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202465-2
ISSN	1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
ISSN (online)	1555-9823
ISSN	0003-1348
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Article ; Online: Testicular Rupture: A Tough Nut to Crack.

Holliday, Tyler L / Robinson, Kristine S / Dorinzi, Nicole / Vucelik, Andrew W / Setzer, Erin L / Williams, Debra L / Sharon, Melinda J / Minardi, Joseph J

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine

2017 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 221–224

Abstract: Blunt scrotal injury represents a diagnostic dilemma for emergency physicians (EP). Consequently, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a tool for early investigation of the acute scrotum in the emergency department. We describe a case where an ...

Abstract	Blunt scrotal injury represents a diagnostic dilemma for emergency physicians (EP). Consequently, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a tool for early investigation of the acute scrotum in the emergency department. We describe a case where an EP used scrotal POCUS to immediately visualize the loss of testicular contour and underlying heterogeneous parenchyma to rapidly make the diagnosis of testicular rupture in a young male presenting with scrotal trauma. The use of POCUS in this case expedited therapy, likely improving the patient's outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of testicular rupture diagnosed with POCUS by an EP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2474-252X
ISSN (online)	2474-252X
DOI	10.5811/cpcem.2017.3.33348
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Article ; Online: HPV-related anal cancer is associated with changes in the anorectal microbiome during cancer development.

Elnaggar, Jacob H / Huynh, Victoria O / Lin, Daniel / Hillman, R Tyler / Abana, Chike O / El Alam, Molly B / Tomasic, Katarina C / Karpinets, Tatiana V / Kouzy, Ramez / Phan, Jae L / Wargo, Jennifer / Holliday, Emma B / Das, Prajnan / Mezzari, Melissa P / Ajami, Nadim J / Lynn, Erica J / Minsky, Bruce D / Morris, Van K / Milbourne, Andrea /

Messick, Craig A / Klopp, Ann H / Futreal, P Andrew / Taniguchi, Cullen M / Schmeler, Kathleen M / Colbert, Lauren E

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1051431

Abstract: Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less ... ...

Abstract	Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less clear than for cervical dysplasia. One potential contributing factor is the anorectal microbiome. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in anal microbiome composition in the settings of HPV infection, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer in this rare disease. Methods: Patients were enrolled in two prospective studies. Patients with anal dysplasia were part of a cross-sectional cohort that enrolled women with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia. Anorectal tumor swabs were prospectively collected from patients with biopsy-confirmed locally advanced SCCA prior to receiving standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia without anal dysplasia were considered high-risk (HR Normal). 16S V4 rRNA Microbiome sequencing was performed for anal swabs. Alpha and Beta Diversity and composition were compared for HR Normal, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer. Results: 60 patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia were initially enrolled. Seven patients had concurrent anal dysplasia and 44 patients were considered HR Normal. Anorectal swabs from 21 patients with localized SCCA were included, sequenced, and analyzed in the study. Analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances demonstrated significant differences in microbial community composition between anal cancer and HR normal (p Conclusion: Although alpha diversity was similar between HR Normal, dysplasia and cancer patients, composition differed significantly between the three groups. Increased anorectal
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Prospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Anus Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications ; Microbiota ; Tumor Microenvironment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051431
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Article ; Online: HPV-related anal cancer is associated with changes in the anorectal microbiome during cancer development

Jacob H. Elnaggar / Victoria O. Huynh / Daniel Lin / R. Tyler Hillman / Chike O. Abana / Molly B. El Alam / Katarina C. Tomasic / Tatiana V. Karpinets / Ramez Kouzy / Jae L. Phan / Jennifer Wargo / Emma B. Holliday / Prajnan Das / Melissa P. Mezzari / Nadim J. Ajami / Erica J. Lynn / Bruce D. Minsky / Van K. Morris / Andrea Milbourne /

Craig A. Messick / Ann H. Klopp / P. Andrew Futreal / Cullen M. Taniguchi / Kathleen M. Schmeler / Lauren E. Colbert

Frontiers in Immunology, Vol

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: BackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less clear than for cervical dysplasia. One potential contributing factor is the anorectal microbiome. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in anal microbiome composition in the settings of HPV infection, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer in this rare disease.MethodsPatients were enrolled in two prospective studies. Patients with anal dysplasia were part of a cross-sectional cohort that enrolled women with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia. Anorectal tumor swabs were prospectively collected from patients with biopsy-confirmed locally advanced SCCA prior to receiving standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia without anal dysplasia were considered high-risk (HR Normal). 16S V4 rRNA Microbiome sequencing was performed for anal swabs. Alpha and Beta Diversity and composition were compared for HR Normal, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer.Results60 patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia were initially enrolled. Seven patients had concurrent anal dysplasia and 44 patients were considered HR Normal. Anorectal swabs from 21 patients with localized SCCA were included, sequenced, and analyzed in the study. Analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances demonstrated significant differences in microbial community composition between anal cancer and HR normal (p=0.018). LEfSe identified that all three groups exhibited differential enrichment of specific taxa. Peptoniphilus (p=0.028), Fusobacteria (p=0.0295), Porphyromonas (p=0.034), and Prevotella (p=0.029) were enriched in anal cancer specimens when compared to HR normal.ConclusionAlthough alpha diversity was similar between HR Normal, dysplasia and cancer patients, composition differed significantly between the three groups. Increased ...
Keywords	anal cancer ; anorectal microbiome ; HPV-related cancer ; anal dysplasia ; cancer biology ; Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Definitive hyperfractionated, accelerated proton reirradiation for patients with pelvic malignancies.

Moningi, Shalini / Ludmir, Ethan B / Polamraju, Praveen / Williamson, Tyler / Melkun, Marcella M / Herman, Joseph D / Krishnan, Sunil / Koay, Eugene J / Koong, Albert C / Minsky, Bruce D / Smith, Grace L / Taniguchi, Cullen / Das, Prajnan / Holliday, Emma B

Clinical and translational radiation oncology

2019 Volume 19, Page(s) 59–65

Abstract: Introduction: Pelvic reirradiation (re-RT) presents challenges due to concerns for late toxicity to tissues-at-risk including pelvic bone marrow (PBM). We routinely utilize a hyperfractionated, accelerated re-RT for recurrent rectal or anal cancer in ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Pelvic reirradiation (re-RT) presents challenges due to concerns for late toxicity to tissues-at-risk including pelvic bone marrow (PBM). We routinely utilize a hyperfractionated, accelerated re-RT for recurrent rectal or anal cancer in the setting of prior radiation. We hypothesized that proton beam radiation (PBR) is uniquely suited to limit doses to pelvic non-target tissues better than photon-based approaches. Materials and methods: All patients who received hyperfractionated, accelerated PBR re-RT to the pelvis from 2007 to 2017 were identified. Re-RT was delivered twice daily with a 6 h minimum interfraction interval at 1.5 Gray Relative Biological Effectiveness (Gy(RBE)) per fraction to a total dose of 39-45 Gy(RBE). Concurrent chemotherapy was given to all patients. Comparison photon plans were generated for dosimetric analysis. Dosimetric parameters compared using a matched-pair analysis and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Survival analysis was performed Kaplan Meier curves. Results: Fifteen patients were identified, with a median prior pelvic RT dose of 50.4 Gy (range 25-80 Gy). Median time between the initial RT and PBRT re-RT was 4.7 years (range 1.0-36.1 years). In comparison to corresponding photon re-RT plans, PBR re-RT plans had lower mean PBM dose, and lower volume of PBM getting 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 30 Gy (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.033, respectively).With median 13.9 months follow-up after PBR re-RT, five patients had developed local recurrences, and four patients had developed distant metastases. One-year overall survival following PBR re-RT was 67.5% and one-year progression free survival was 58.7%. No patients developed acute or late Grade 4 toxicity. Conclusion: PBR re-RT affords improved sparing of PBM compared with photon-based re-RT. Clinically, PBR re-RT is well-tolerated. However, given modest control rates with definitive re-RT without subsequent surgical resection, a multidisciplinary approach should be favored in this setting when feasible.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-27
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6308
ISSN (online)	2405-6308
DOI	10.1016/j.ctro.2019.08.004
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Article ; Online: Definitive hyperfractionated, accelerated proton reirradiation for patients with pelvic malignancies

Shalini Moningi / Ethan B. Ludmir / Praveen Polamraju / Tyler Williamson / Marcella M. Melkun / Joseph D. Herman / Sunil Krishnan / Eugene J. Koay / Albert C. Koong / Bruce D. Minsky / Grace L. Smith / Cullen Taniguchi / Prajnan Das / Emma B. Holliday

Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology, Vol 19, Iss , Pp 59-

2019 Volume 65

Abstract	Introduction: Pelvic reirradiation (re-RT) presents challenges due to concerns for late toxicity to tissues-at-risk including pelvic bone marrow (PBM). We routinely utilize a hyperfractionated, accelerated re-RT for recurrent rectal or anal cancer in the setting of prior radiation. We hypothesized that proton beam radiation (PBR) is uniquely suited to limit doses to pelvic non-target tissues better than photon-based approaches. Materials and methods: All patients who received hyperfractionated, accelerated PBR re-RT to the pelvis from 2007 to 2017 were identified. Re-RT was delivered twice daily with a 6 h minimum interfraction interval at 1.5 Gray Relative Biological Effectiveness (Gy(RBE)) per fraction to a total dose of 39–45 Gy(RBE). Concurrent chemotherapy was given to all patients. Comparison photon plans were generated for dosimetric analysis. Dosimetric parameters compared using a matched-pair analysis and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Survival analysis was performed Kaplan Meier curves. Results: Fifteen patients were identified, with a median prior pelvic RT dose of 50.4 Gy (range 25–80 Gy). Median time between the initial RT and PBRT re-RT was 4.7 years (range 1.0–36.1 years). In comparison to corresponding photon re-RT plans, PBR re-RT plans had lower mean PBM dose, and lower volume of PBM getting 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 30 Gy (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.033, respectively).With median 13.9 months follow-up after PBR re-RT, five patients had developed local recurrences, and four patients had developed distant metastases. One-year overall survival following PBR re-RT was 67.5% and one-year progression free survival was 58.7%. No patients developed acute or late Grade 4 toxicity. Conclusion: PBR re-RT affords improved sparing of PBM compared with photon-based re-RT. Clinically, PBR re-RT is well-tolerated. However, given modest control rates with definitive re-RT without subsequent surgical resection, a multidisciplinary approach should be favored in this setting when feasible. Keywords: Proton re-irradiation, Rectal cancer, Anal cancer, Recurrent cancer, Proton beam radiation
Keywords	Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: “A reference genome assembly and adaptive trait analysis of Castanea mollissima ‘Vanuxem,’ a source of resistance to chestnut blight in restoration breeding”

Staton, Margaret / Addo-Quaye, Charles / Cannon, Nathaniel / Yu, Jiali / Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana / Huff, Matthew / Islam-Faridi, Nurul / Fan, Shenghua / Georgi, Laura L / Nelson, C. Dana / Bellis, Emily / Fitzsimmons, Sara / Henry, Nathan / Drautz-Moses, Daniela / Noorai, Rooksana E / Ficklin, Stephen / Saski, Christopher / Mandal, Mihir / Wagner, Tyler K /

Zembower, Nicole / Bodénès, Catherine / Holliday, Jason / Westbrook, Jared / Lasky, Jesse / Hebard, Frederick V / Schuster, Stephan C / Abbott, Albert G / Carlson, John E

Tree genetics & genomes. 2020 Aug., v. 16, no. 4

2020

Abstract: Forest tree species are increasingly subject to severe mortalities from exotic pests, pathogens, and invasive organisms, accelerated by climate change. Such forest health issues are threatening multiple species and ecosystem sustainability globally. One ... ...

Abstract	Forest tree species are increasingly subject to severe mortalities from exotic pests, pathogens, and invasive organisms, accelerated by climate change. Such forest health issues are threatening multiple species and ecosystem sustainability globally. One of the most extreme examples of forest ecosystem disruption is the extirpation of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) caused by the introduction of chestnut blight and root rot pathogens from Asia. Asian species of chestnut are being employed as donors of disease resistance genes to restore native chestnut species in North America and Europe. To aid in the restoration of threatened chestnut species, we present the assembly of a reference genome for Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) “Vanuxem,” one of the donors of disease resistance for American chestnut restoration. From the de novo assembly of the complete genome (725.2 Mb in 14,110 contigs), over half of the sequences have been anchored to the 12 genetic linkage groups. The anchoring is validated by genetic maps and in situ hybridization to chromosomes. We demonstrate the value of the genome as a platform for research and species restoration, including signatures of selection differentiating American chestnut from Chinese chestnut to identify important candidate genes for disease resistance, comparisons of genome organization with other woody species, and a genome-wide examination of progress in backcross breeding for blight resistance. This reference assembly should prove of great value in the understanding, improvement, and restoration of chestnut species.
Keywords	Castanea dentata ; Castanea mollissima ; backcrossing ; blight ; chestnut blight ; climate change ; disease resistance ; forest ecosystems ; forest health ; forest trees ; genome assembly ; hybridization ; plant genetics ; root rot ; woody plants ; Asia ; Europe ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Size	p. 57.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2180926-4
ISSN	1614-2950 ; 1614-2942
ISSN (online)	1614-2950
ISSN	1614-2942
DOI	10.1007/s11295-020-01454-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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