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  1. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Silbermodifizierte Zeolithe mit dreidimensionalem Porensystem als antimikrobielle Füllstoffe in Polymerverbundwerkstoffen

    Lösch, Andrea Verfasser] / Ernst, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] / [Thiel, Werner R. [Akademischer Betreuer] / Kleist, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer]

    2024  

    Author's details Andrea Lösch ; Stefan Ernst, Werner R. Thiel, Wolfgang Kleist
    Keywords Technische Chemie ; Technical Chemistry
    Subject code sg660
    Language German
    Publisher Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau
    Publishing place Kaiserslautern-Landau
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
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  2. Article: Tricky Isomers-The Evolution of Analytical Strategies to Characterize Plasmalogens and Plasmanyl Ether Lipids.

    Koch, Jakob / Watschinger, Katrin / Werner, Ernst R / Keller, Markus A

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 864716

    Abstract: Typically, glycerophospholipids are represented with two esterified fatty acids. However, by up to 20%, a significant proportion of this lipid class carries an ether-linked fatty alcohol side chain at ... ...

    Abstract Typically, glycerophospholipids are represented with two esterified fatty acids. However, by up to 20%, a significant proportion of this lipid class carries an ether-linked fatty alcohol side chain at the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2022.864716
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  3. Article: Regulation of plasmalogen metabolism and traffic in mammals: The fog begins to lift.

    Dorninger, Fabian / Werner, Ernst R / Berger, Johannes / Watschinger, Katrin

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 946393

    Abstract: Due to their unique chemical structure, plasmalogens do not only exhibit distinct biophysical and biochemical features, but require specialized pathways of biosynthesis and metabolization. Recently, major advances have been made in our understanding of ... ...

    Abstract Due to their unique chemical structure, plasmalogens do not only exhibit distinct biophysical and biochemical features, but require specialized pathways of biosynthesis and metabolization. Recently, major advances have been made in our understanding of these processes, for example by the attribution of the gene encoding the enzyme, which catalyzes the final desaturation step in plasmalogen biosynthesis, or by the identification of cytochrome C as plasmalogenase, which allows for the degradation of plasmalogens. Also, models have been presented that plausibly explain the maintenance of adequate cellular levels of plasmalogens. However, despite the progress, many aspects around the questions of how plasmalogen metabolism is regulated and how plasmalogens are distributed among organs and tissues in more complex organisms like mammals, remain unresolved. Here, we summarize and interpret current evidence on the regulation of the enzymes involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis and degradation as well as the turnover of plasmalogens. Finally, we focus on plasmalogen traffic across the mammalian body - a topic of major importance, when considering plasmalogen replacement therapies in human disorders, where deficiencies in these lipids have been reported. These involve not only inborn errors in plasmalogen metabolism, but also more common diseases including Alzheimer's disease and neurodevelopmental disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2022.946393
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  4. Article ; Online: Tricky Isomers—The Evolution of Analytical Strategies to Characterize Plasmalogens and Plasmanyl Ether Lipids

    Jakob Koch / Katrin Watschinger / Ernst R. Werner / Markus A. Keller

    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Typically, glycerophospholipids are represented with two esterified fatty acids. However, by up to 20%, a significant proportion of this lipid class carries an ether-linked fatty alcohol side chain at the sn-1 position, generally referred to as ether ... ...

    Abstract Typically, glycerophospholipids are represented with two esterified fatty acids. However, by up to 20%, a significant proportion of this lipid class carries an ether-linked fatty alcohol side chain at the sn-1 position, generally referred to as ether lipids, which shape their specific physicochemical properties. Among those, plasmalogens represent a distinct subgroup characterized by an sn-1 vinyl-ether double bond. The total loss of ether lipids in severe peroxisomal defects such as rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata indicates their crucial contribution to diverse cellular functions. An aberrant ether lipid metabolism has also been reported in multifactorial conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the underlying pathological implications is hampered by the still unclear exact functional spectrum of ether lipids, especially in regard to the differentiation between the individual contributions of plasmalogens (plasmenyl lipids) and their non-vinyl-ether lipid (plasmanyl) counterparts. A primary reason for this is that exact identification and quantification of plasmalogens and other ether lipids poses a challenging and usually labor-intensive task. Diverse analytical methods for the detection of plasmalogens have been developed. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is increasingly used to resolve complex lipid mixtures, and with optimized parameters and specialized fragmentation strategies, discrimination between ethers and plasmalogens is feasible. In this review, we recapitulate historic and current methodologies for the recognition and quantification of these important lipids and will discuss developments in this field that can contribute to the characterization of plasmalogens in high structural detail.
    Keywords ether lipid biosynthesis ; mass spectrometry ; phospholipid analytics ; PEDS1 ; plasmalogen physiology ; plasmenyl and plasmanyl isomers ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
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  5. Article ; Online: Regulation of plasmalogen metabolism and traffic in mammals

    Fabian Dorninger / Ernst R. Werner / Johannes Berger / Katrin Watschinger

    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

    The fog begins to lift

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Due to their unique chemical structure, plasmalogens do not only exhibit distinct biophysical and biochemical features, but require specialized pathways of biosynthesis and metabolization. Recently, major advances have been made in our understanding of ... ...

    Abstract Due to their unique chemical structure, plasmalogens do not only exhibit distinct biophysical and biochemical features, but require specialized pathways of biosynthesis and metabolization. Recently, major advances have been made in our understanding of these processes, for example by the attribution of the gene encoding the enzyme, which catalyzes the final desaturation step in plasmalogen biosynthesis, or by the identification of cytochrome C as plasmalogenase, which allows for the degradation of plasmalogens. Also, models have been presented that plausibly explain the maintenance of adequate cellular levels of plasmalogens. However, despite the progress, many aspects around the questions of how plasmalogen metabolism is regulated and how plasmalogens are distributed among organs and tissues in more complex organisms like mammals, remain unresolved. Here, we summarize and interpret current evidence on the regulation of the enzymes involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis and degradation as well as the turnover of plasmalogens. Finally, we focus on plasmalogen traffic across the mammalian body – a topic of major importance, when considering plasmalogen replacement therapies in human disorders, where deficiencies in these lipids have been reported. These involve not only inborn errors in plasmalogen metabolism, but also more common diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and neurodevelopmental disorders.
    Keywords phospholipid ; precursor treatment ; lipid traffic ; plasmalogen degradation ; plasmalogen remodeling ; plasmalogen biosynthesis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: The Emerging Physiological Role of AGMO 10 Years after Its Gene Identification.

    Sailer, Sabrina / Keller, Markus A / Werner, Ernst R / Watschinger, Katrin

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: The gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) was assigned 10 years ago. So far, AGMO is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the breakdown of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerophospholipids. With the knowledge of the genetic information, ...

    Abstract The gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) was assigned 10 years ago. So far, AGMO is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the breakdown of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerophospholipids. With the knowledge of the genetic information, it was possible to relate a potential contribution for mutations in the AGMO locus to human diseases by genome-wide association studies. A possible role for AGMO was implicated by genetic analyses in a variety of human pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and immune defence. Deficient catabolism of stored lipids carrying an alkyl bond by an absence of AGMO was shown to impact on the overall lipid composition also outside the ether lipid pool. This review focuses on the current evidence of AGMO in human diseases and summarises experimental evidence for its role in immunity, energy homeostasis, and development in humans and several model organisms. With the progress in lipidomics platform and genetic identification of enzymes involved in ether lipid metabolism such as AGMO, it is now possible to study the consequence of gene ablation on the global lipid pool and further on certain signalling cascades in a variety of model organisms in more detail.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life11020088
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  7. Article ; Online: The Emerging Physiological Role of AGMO 10 Years after Its Gene Identification

    Sabrina Sailer / Markus A. Keller / Ernst R. Werner / Katrin Watschinger

    Life, Vol 11, Iss 2, p

    2021  Volume 88

    Abstract: The gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) was assigned 10 years ago. So far, AGMO is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the breakdown of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerophospholipids. With the knowledge of the genetic information, ...

    Abstract The gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) was assigned 10 years ago. So far, AGMO is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the breakdown of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerophospholipids. With the knowledge of the genetic information, it was possible to relate a potential contribution for mutations in the AGMO locus to human diseases by genome-wide association studies. A possible role for AGMO was implicated by genetic analyses in a variety of human pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and immune defence. Deficient catabolism of stored lipids carrying an alkyl bond by an absence of AGMO was shown to impact on the overall lipid composition also outside the ether lipid pool. This review focuses on the current evidence of AGMO in human diseases and summarises experimental evidence for its role in immunity, energy homeostasis, and development in humans and several model organisms. With the progress in lipidomics platform and genetic identification of enzymes involved in ether lipid metabolism such as AGMO, it is now possible to study the consequence of gene ablation on the global lipid pool and further on certain signalling cascades in a variety of model organisms in more detail.
    Keywords AGMO ; tetrahydrobiopterin ; alkylglycerols ; plasmalogens ; neurodevelopment ; autism ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Katalytische CO2-Aufwertung mit ternären intermetallischen Phasen

    Schaumlöffel, Johannes [Verfasser] / Thiel, Werner R. [Akademischer Betreuer] / Mackenroth, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] / Ernst, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer]

    Über die Herstellung und Verwendung von Heusler-Systemen als neuartige Materialien in der heterogenen Katalyse

    2021  

    Author's details Johannes Schaumlöffel ; Werner R. Thiel, Wolfgang Mackenroth, Stefan Ernst
    Keywords Technische Chemie ; Technical Chemistry
    Subject code sg660
    Language German
    Publisher Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
    Publishing place Kaiserslautern
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
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  9. Article: Essential role of a conserved aspartate for the enzymatic activity of plasmanylethanolamine desaturase

    Werner, Ernst R. / Fernández-Quintero, Monica L. / Hulo, Nicolas / Golderer, Georg / Sailer, Sabrina / Lackner, Katharina / Werner-Felmayer, Gabriele / Liedl, Klaus R. / Watschinger, Katrin

    Cellular and molecular life sciences. 2022 Apr., v. 79, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Plasmalogens are an abundant class of glycerophospholipids in the mammalian body, with special occurrence in the brain and in immune cell membranes. Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (PEDS1) is the final enzyme of plasmalogen biosynthesis, which ... ...

    Abstract Plasmalogens are an abundant class of glycerophospholipids in the mammalian body, with special occurrence in the brain and in immune cell membranes. Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (PEDS1) is the final enzyme of plasmalogen biosynthesis, which introduces the characteristic 1-O-alk-1′-enyl double bond. The recent sequence identification of PEDS1 as transmembrane protein 189 showed that its protein sequence is related to a special class of plant desaturases (FAD4), with whom it shares a motif of 8 conserved histidines, which are essential for the enzymatic activity. In the present work, we wanted to gain more insight into the sequence–function relationship of this enzyme and mutated to alanine additional 28 amino acid residues of murine plasmanylethanolamine desaturase including those 20 residues, which are also totally conserved—in addition to the eight-histidine-motif—among the animal PEDS1 and plant FAD4 plant desaturases. We measured the enzymatic activity by transient transfection of tagged murine PEDS1 expression clones to a PEDS1-deficient human HAP1 cell line by monitoring of labeled plasmalogens formed from supplemented 1-O-pyrenedecyl-sn-glycerol in relation to recombinant protein expression. Surprisingly, only a single mutation, namely aspartate 100, led to a total loss of PEDS1 activity. The second strongest impact on enzymatic activity had mutation of phenylalanine 118, leaving only 6% residual activity. A structural model obtained by homology modelling to available structures of stearoyl-CoA reductase predicted that this aspartate 100 residue interacts with histidine 96, and phenylalanine 118 interacts with histidine 187, both being essential histidines assumed to be involved in the coordination of the di-metal center of the enzyme.
    Keywords alanine ; amino acid sequences ; aspartic acid ; biosynthesis ; brain ; cell lines ; enzyme activity ; glycerophospholipids ; histidine ; humans ; mice ; models ; mutation ; oxidoreductases ; phenylalanine ; protein synthesis ; recombinant proteins ; transfection ; transmembrane proteins
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Size p. 214.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-022-04238-w
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  10. Article ; Online: Normal plasmalogen levels are maintained in tissues from mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion in peroxin 5.

    Werner, Ernst R / Swinkels, Daniëlle / Juric, Viktorija / Dorninger, Fabian / Baes, Myriam / Keller, Markus A / Berger, Johannes / Watschinger, Katrin

    Brain research bulletin

    2022  Volume 193, Page(s) 158–165

    Abstract: On the basis of findings that cultured rat hepatocytes secrete lipoprotein with a high plasmalogen content and the occurrence of this lipid in human serum, it has been suggested that hepatocytes play a role in the supply of plasmalogens to tissues. We ... ...

    Abstract On the basis of findings that cultured rat hepatocytes secrete lipoprotein with a high plasmalogen content and the occurrence of this lipid in human serum, it has been suggested that hepatocytes play a role in the supply of plasmalogens to tissues. We tested this hypothesis in a mouse with a hepatocyte-specific defect in peroxisomes, an organelle essentially required for plasmalogen biosynthesis. We analyzed plasmalogens in lipid extracts of forebrain, liver and five further tissues and in plasma by reaction with dansylhydrazine in hydrochloric acid, which cleaves the vinyl ether of plasmalogens and forms a fluorescent dansylhydrazone, which we quantified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Reaction with dansylhydrazine in acetic acid was used to quantify free aldehydes as a control. Our results show normal levels of plasmalogens in plasma and in all tissues examined, including forebrain and the liver, irrespective of the inactivation of hepatic peroxisomes. None of the selected ether lipids analyzed by mass spectrometry in plasma and liver was decreased in the mice deficient in liver peroxisomes. In contrast, we found three plasmenylcholine species which were even significantly increased in the livers of these animals. Quantification of mRNA expression of plasmalogen biosynthetic enzymes revealed particularly low expression of fatty acyl-CoA reductase, the key regulatory enzyme of plasmalogen biosynthesis, in liver, with and without hepatic peroxisome deficiency. Our results do not support the suggested role of hepatocytes in supplying plasmalogens to tissues.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Dansyl Compounds ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Peroxisome-Targeting Signal 1 Receptor ; Plasmalogens/chemistry ; Plasmalogens/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Dansyl Compounds ; dansyl hydrazine (33008-06-9) ; Peroxisome-Targeting Signal 1 Receptor ; Plasmalogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 197620-5
    ISSN 1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
    ISSN (online) 1873-2747
    ISSN 0361-9230
    DOI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.007
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