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  1. Article: Vasodilation of isolated vessels and the isolation of the extracellular matrix of tight-skin mice

    Weihrauch, Dorothee / Krolikowski, John G / Jones, Deron W / Zaman, Tahniyath / Bamkole, Omoshalewa / Struve, Janine / Pagel, Paul S / Lohr, Nicole L / Pritchard, Jr., Kirkwood A

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2017 Mar. 24, , no. 121

    2017  

    Abstract: The interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is crucial for cells to determine if they respond in a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory fashion. IRF5's ability to switch cells from one pathway to another is highly attractive as a therapeutic target. We ... ...

    Abstract The interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is crucial for cells to determine if they respond in a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory fashion. IRF5's ability to switch cells from one pathway to another is highly attractive as a therapeutic target. We designed a decoy peptide IRF5D with a molecular modeling software for designing small molecules and peptides. IRF5D inhibited IRF5, reduced alterations in extracellular matrix, and improved endothelial vasodilation in the tight-skin mouse (Tsk/+). The Kd of IRF5D for recombinant IRF5 is 3.72 ± 0.74 x 10-6 M as determined by binding experiments using biolayer interferometry experiments. Endothelial cells (EC) proliferation and apoptosis were unchanged using increasing concentrations of IRF5D (0 to 100 μg/mL, 24 h). Tsk/+ mice were treated with IRF5D (1 mg/kg/d subcutaneously, 21 d). IRF5 and ICAM expressions were decreased after IRF5D treatment. Endothelial function was improved as assessed by vasodilation of facialis arteries from Tsk/+ mice treated with IRF5D compared to Tsk/+ mice without IRF5D treatment. As a transcription factor, IRF5 traffics from the cytosol to the nucleus. Translocation was assessed by immunohistochemistry on cardiac myocytes cultured on the different cardiac extracellular matrices. IRF5D treatment of the Tsk/+ mouse resulted in a reduced number of IRF5 positive nuclei in comparison to the animals without IRF5D treatment (50 μg/mL, 24 h). These findings demonstrate the important role that IRF5 plays in inflammation and fibrosis in Tsk/+ mice.
    Keywords apoptosis ; arteries ; cardiomyocytes ; computer software ; cytosol ; endothelial cells ; extracellular matrix ; fibrosis ; immunohistochemistry ; inflammation ; interferometry ; interferon regulatory factor-5 ; mice ; molecular models ; peptides ; therapeutics ; vasodilation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0324
    Size p. e55036.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/55036
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: The Role of Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase in Models of Lung Tumor Development

    Amy L. Rymaszewski / Everett Tate / Joannes P. Yimbesalu / Andrew E. Gelman / Jason A. Jarzembowski / Hao Zhang / Kirkwood A. Pritchard Jr. / Haris G. Vikis

    Cancers, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 1111-

    2014  Volume 1127

    Abstract: Chronic inflammation plays a key tumor-promoting role in lung cancer. Our previous studies in mice demonstrated that neutrophils are critical mediators of tumor promotion in methylcholanthrene (MCA)-initiated, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-promoted lung ...

    Abstract Chronic inflammation plays a key tumor-promoting role in lung cancer. Our previous studies in mice demonstrated that neutrophils are critical mediators of tumor promotion in methylcholanthrene (MCA)-initiated, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-promoted lung carcinogenesis. In the present study we investigated the role of neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in this inflammation promoted model. Increased levels of MPO protein and activity were present in the lungs of mice administered BHT. Treatment of mice with N-acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC), a novel tripeptide inhibitor of MPO, during the inflammatory stage reduced tumor burden. In a separate tumor model, KYC treatment of a Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor graft in mice had no effect on tumor growth, however, mice genetically deficient in MPO had significantly reduced LLC tumor growth. Our observations suggest that MPO catalytic activity is critical during the early stages of tumor development. However, during the later stages of tumor progression, MPO expression independent of catalytic activity appears to be required. Our studies advocate for the use of MPO inhibitors in a lung cancer prevention setting.
    Keywords neutrophils ; myeloperoxidase ; KYC ; lung ; tumor ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: A Heat Shock Protein 90 Binding Domain in Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Influences Enzyme Function

    Xu, Hao / Shi, Yang / Wang, Jingli / Jones, Deron / Weilrauch, Dorothee / Ying, Rong / Wakim, Basam / Pritchard, Kirkwood A. Jr

    Journal of biological chemistry. 2007 Dec. 28, v. 282, no. 52

    2007  

    Abstract: Previous reports suggest heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) associates with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) to increase nitric oxide (·NO) generation. Ansamycin inhibition of chaperone-dependent activity increases eNOS generation of superoxide anion ( ...

    Abstract Previous reports suggest heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) associates with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) to increase nitric oxide (·NO) generation. Ansamycin inhibition of chaperone-dependent activity increases eNOS generation of superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) upon enzyme activation. In the present study we identify where hsp90 binds to eNOS using overlapping decoy peptides based on the amino acid (aa) sequence of eNOS (291-420). B1, B2, and B3 peptides inhibited hsp90 association with eNOS in cell lysates from proliferating bovine aortic endothelial cells. B2 (aa 301-320), common to both B1 and B3, decreased stimulated ·NO production and hsp90 association in bovine aortic endothelial cells. The B2/B3 peptide was redesigned to TSB2 that includes a TAT protein transduction domain and shortened to 14 aa. TSB2 impaired vasodilation of isolated facialis arteries in vitro and in vivo and increased eNOS-dependent [Formula: see text] generation in native endothelial cells on mouse aortas, whereas a control peptide, TSB(Ctr), which has the four glutamic acids in TSB2 substituted with alanine, showed no such effects. Site-directed mutagenesis of eNOS at 310, 314, 318, and 323 Glu to Ala yields an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced hsp90 association and generated [Formula: see text] rather than ·NO upon activation. Together, these data demonstrate that hsp90 associates with eNOS at aa 310-323. Moreover, a decoy peptide based on this sequence is sufficient to displace hsp90 from eNOS and uncouple eNOS activity from ·NO generation. Thus, Glu-310, Glu-314, Glu-318, and Glu-323 in eNOS, although each does not do much by itself, synergistically they increase "cooperativity" in the association step that is critical for maintaining hsp90-eNOS interactions and promoting coupled eNOS activity. Such chaperone-dependent signaling may play an important role in modulating the balance of ·NO and [Formula: see text] generation from eNOS and, therefore, vascular function.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2007-1228
    Size p. 37567-37574.
    Publishing place American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Comparative proteomic analysis of PAI-1 and TNF-alpha-derived endothelial microparticles

    Peterson, Danielle B / Sander, Tara / Kaul, Sushma / Wakim, Bassam T / Halligan, Brian / Twigger, Simon / Pritchard, Kirkwood A. Jr / Oldham, Keith T / Ou, Jing-Song

    Proteomics. 2008 June, v. 8, no. 12

    2008  

    Abstract: Endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) are small vesicles released from endothelial cells in response to cell injury, apoptosis, or activation. Elevated concentrations of EMPs have been associated with many inflammatory and vascular diseases. EMPs ... ...

    Abstract Endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) are small vesicles released from endothelial cells in response to cell injury, apoptosis, or activation. Elevated concentrations of EMPs have been associated with many inflammatory and vascular diseases. EMPs also mediate long range signaling and alter downstream cell function. Unfortunately, the molecular and cellular basis of microparticle production and downstream cell function is poorly understood. We hypothesize that EMPs generated by different agonists will produce distinct populations of EMPs with unique protein compositions. To test this hypothesis, different EMP populations were generated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells by stimulation with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and subjected to proteomic analysis by LC/MS. We identified 432 common proteins in all EMP populations studied. Also identified were 231 proteins unique to control EMPs, 104 proteins unique to PAI-1 EMPs and 70 proteins unique to TNF-α EMPs. Interestingly, variations in protein abundance were found among many of the common EMP proteins, suggesting that differences exist between EMPs on a relative scale. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis revealed many functional similarities and few differences between the EMP populations studied. In summary, our results clearly indicate that EMPs generated by PAI-1 and TNF-α produce EMPs with overlapping but distinct protein compositions. These observations provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms regulating the production of these particles and their physiological role in numerous diseases.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2008-06
    Size p. 2430-2446.
    Publishing place Wiley-VCH Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2032093-0
    ISSN 1615-9861 ; 1615-9853
    ISSN (online) 1615-9861
    ISSN 1615-9853
    DOI 10.1002/pmic.200701029
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Genetic deletion of apolipoprotein A-I increases airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and collagen deposition in the lung

    Wang, Weiling / Xu, Hao / Shi, Yang / Nandedkar, Sandhya / Zhang, Hao / Gao, Haiqing / Feroah, Thom / Weihrauch, Dorothee / Schulte, Marie L / Jones, Deron W / Jarzembowski, Jason / Sorci-Thomas, Mary / Pritchard, Kirkwood A. Jr

    Journal of lipid research JLR. 2010 Sept., v. 51, no. 9

    2010  

    Abstract: The relationship between high-density lipoprotein and pulmonary function is unclear. To determine mechanistic relationships we investigated the effects of genetic deletion of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) on plasma lipids, paraoxonase (PON1), pro- ... ...

    Abstract The relationship between high-density lipoprotein and pulmonary function is unclear. To determine mechanistic relationships we investigated the effects of genetic deletion of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) on plasma lipids, paraoxonase (PON1), pro-inflammatory HDL (p-HDL), vasodilatation, airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary oxidative stress, and inflammation. ApoA-I null (apoA-I⁻/⁻) mice had reduced total and HDL cholesterol but increased pro-inflammatory HDL compared with C57BL/6J mice. Although PON1 protein was increased in apoA-I⁻/⁻ mice, PON1 activity was decreased. ApoA-I deficiency did not alter vasodilatation of facialis arteries, but it did alter relaxation responses of pulmonary arteries. Central airway resistance was unaltered. However, airway resistance mediated by tissue dampening and elastance were increased in apoA-I⁻/⁻ mice, a finding also confirmed by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) studies. Inflammatory cells, collagen deposition, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were increased in apoA-I⁻/⁻ lungs but not oxidized phospholipids. Colocalization of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal with transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1 was increased in apoA-I⁻/⁻ lungs. Xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were increased in apoA-I⁻/⁻ lungs. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-detectable oxidants were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in apoA-I⁻/⁻ mice. In contrast, BALF nitrite+nitrate levels were decreased in apoA-I⁻/⁻ mice. These data demonstrate that apoA-I plays important roles in limiting pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, which if not prevented, will decrease pulmonary artery vasodilatation and increase airway hyperresponsiveness.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2010-09
    Size p. 2560-2570.
    Publishing place American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 80154-9
    ISSN 1539-7262 ; 0022-2275
    ISSN (online) 1539-7262
    ISSN 0022-2275
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Cumulative Brain Injury from Motor Vehicle-Induced Whole-Body Vibration and Prevention by Human Apolipoprotein A-I Molecule Mimetic (4F) Peptide (an Apo A-I Mimetic).

    Yan, Ji-Geng / Zhang, Lin-ling / Agresti, Michael / Yan, Yuhui / LoGiudice, John / Sanger, James R / Matloub, Hani S / Pritchard, Kirkwood A / Jaradeh, Safwan S / Havlik, Robert

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2015  Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) 2759–2773

    Abstract: Background: Insidious cumulative brain injury from motor vehicle-induced whole-body vibration (MV-WBV) has not yet been studied. The objective of the present study is to validate whether whole-body vibration for long periods causes cumulative brain ... ...

    Abstract Background: Insidious cumulative brain injury from motor vehicle-induced whole-body vibration (MV-WBV) has not yet been studied. The objective of the present study is to validate whether whole-body vibration for long periods causes cumulative brain injury and impairment of the cerebral function. We also explored a preventive method for MV-WBV injury.
    Methods: A study simulating whole-body vibration was conducted in 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 9 groups (N = 8): (1) 2-week normal control; (2) 2-week sham control (in the tube without vibration); (3) 2-week vibration (exposed to whole-body vibration at 30 Hz and .5 G acceleration for 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks; vibration parameters in the present study are similar to the most common driving conditions); (4) 4-week sham control; (5) 4-week vibration; (6) 4-week vibration with human apolipoprotein A-I molecule mimetic (4F)-preconditioning; (7) 8-week sham control; (8) 8-week vibration; and (9) 8-week 4F-preconditioning group. All the rats were evaluated by behavioral, physiological, and histological studies of the brain.
    Results: Brain injury from vibration is a cumulative process starting with cerebral vasoconstriction, squeezing of the endothelial cells, increased free radicals, decreased nitric oxide, insufficient blood supply to the brain, and repeated reperfusion injury to brain neurons. In the 8-week vibration group, which indicated chronic brain edema, shrunken neuron numbers increased and whole neurons atrophied, which strongly correlated with neural functional impairment. There was no prominent brain neuronal injury in the 4F groups.
    Conclusions: The present study demonstrated cumulative brain injury from MV-WBV and validated the preventive effects of 4F preconditioning.
    MeSH term(s) Accidents, Traffic ; Animals ; Brain Injuries/drug therapy ; Brain Injuries/prevention & control ; Male ; Peptides/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vibration
    Chemical Substances AP-4F peptide ; Peptides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.08.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Mechanisms of activation of eNOS by 20-HETE and VEGF in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

    Chen, Yuenmu / Medhora, Meetha / Falck, John R / Pritchard, Kirkwood A / Jacobs, Elizabeth R

    American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology

    2006  Volume 291, Issue 3, Page(s) L378–85

    Abstract: We have demonstrated that VEGF-induced dilation of bovine pulmonary arteries is associated with activation of cytochrome P-450 family 4 (CYP4) enzymes and eNOS. We hypothesized that VEGF and the CYP4 product 20-HETE would trigger common downstream ... ...

    Abstract We have demonstrated that VEGF-induced dilation of bovine pulmonary arteries is associated with activation of cytochrome P-450 family 4 (CYP4) enzymes and eNOS. We hypothesized that VEGF and the CYP4 product 20-HETE would trigger common downstream pathways of intracellular signaling to activate eNOS. We treated bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) with 20-HETE (1 microM) or VEGF (8.3 nM) and examined three molecular events known to activate eNOS: 1) phosphorylation at serine 1179, 2) phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), which subsequently phosphorylates eNOS, and 3) association of eNOS with 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90). Both 20-HETE and VEGF increase the phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1179 and Akt at serine 473. The CYP4 inhibitor dibromododecynyl methyl sulfonamide (DDMS) blocks VEGF-induced phosphorylation of eNOS. VEGF had no effect on the binding of Hsp90 with eNOS, whereas 20-HETE decreased the association of the protein partners. Inhibition of Akt-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with wortmannin blocks both 20-HETE and VEGF-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries, supporting the functional contribution of Akt phosphorylation to the vasoactive actions of both agents. Treatment with radicicol had no effect on 20-HETE-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries, consistent with an absence of effect on association of Hsp90 to eNOS, whereas radicicol partially blocked VEGF-evoked relaxations, possibly secondary to effects on endpoints other than Hsp90 association with eNOS. In conclusion, VEGF and 20-HETE share eNOS activation pathways, including phosphorylation of serine 1179 and phosphorylation of Akt. Unlike aortic endothelial cells, eNOS activation in BPAECs by either VEGF or 20-HETE does not appear to require increased association of Hsp90.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Synergism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery/cytology ; Pulmonary Artery/drug effects ; Pulmonary Artery/metabolism ; Serine ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Serine (452VLY9402) ; 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (79551-86-3) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1013184-x
    ISSN 1522-1504 ; 1040-0605
    ISSN (online) 1522-1504
    ISSN 1040-0605
    DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00424.2005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid causes endothelial dysfunction via eNOS uncoupling.

    Cheng, Jennifer / Ou, Jing-Song / Singh, Harpreet / Falck, John R / Narsimhaswamy, Dubasi / Pritchard, Kirkwood A / Schwartzman, Michal Laniado

    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

    2007  Volume 294, Issue 2, Page(s) H1018–26

    Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is a key endothelial-derived factor whose bioavailability is essential to the normal function of the endothelium. Endothelium dysfunction is characterized by loss ... ...

    Abstract Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is a key endothelial-derived factor whose bioavailability is essential to the normal function of the endothelium. Endothelium dysfunction is characterized by loss of NO bioavailability because of either reduced formation or accelerated degradation of NO. We have recently reported that overexpression of vascular cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 4A in rats caused hypertension and endothelial dysfunction driven by increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a major vasoconstrictor eicosanoid in the microcirculation. To further explore cellular mechanisms underlying CYP4A-20-HETE-driven endothelial dysfunction, the interactions between 20-HETE and the eNOS-NO system were examined in vitro. Addition of 20-HETE to endothelial cells at concentrations as low as 1 nM reduced calcium ionophore-stimulated NO release by 50%. This reduction was associated with a significant increase in superoxide production. The increase in superoxide in response to 20-HETE was prevented by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, suggesting that uncoupled eNOS is a source of this superoxide. The response to 20-HETE was specific in that 19-HETE did not affect NO or superoxide production, and, in fact, the response to 20-HETE could be competitively antagonized by 19(R)-HETE. 20-HETE had no effect on phosphorylation of eNOS protein at serine-1179 or threonine-497 following addition of calcium ionophore; however, 20-HETE inhibited association of eNOS with 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90). In vivo, impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation in arteries overexpressing CYP4A was associated with a marked reduction in the levels of phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, an indicator of bioactive NO, that was reversed by inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis or action. Because association of HSP90 with eNOS is critical for eNOS activation and coupled enzyme activity, inhibition of this association by 20-HETE may underlie the mechanism, at least in part, by which increased CYP4A expression and activity cause endothelial dysfunction.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/antagonists & inhibitors ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle Relaxation/drug effects ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Vasodilation/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids ; Phosphoproteins ; Superoxides (11062-77-4) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; 19-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (79551-85-2) ; 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (79551-86-3) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A (EC 1.14.15.3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603838-4
    ISSN 1522-1539 ; 0363-6135
    ISSN (online) 1522-1539
    ISSN 0363-6135
    DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.01172.2007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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