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Article: A review of hypersensitivity methods to detect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

Díaz-Espada, Fernando / Matheu, Victor / Barrios, Yvelise

Methods in microbiology

2022 Volume 50, Page(s) 189–222

Abstract: The investigation of the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the goal of many researchers worldwide. The study of humoral immune responses ... ...

Abstract	The investigation of the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the goal of many researchers worldwide. The study of humoral immune responses and
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0580-9517
ISSN	0580-9517
DOI	10.1016/bs.mim.2021.12.001
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Article: Long Term Cell Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines Assessment Using a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Cutaneous Test.

Barrios, Yvelise / Alava-Cruz, Cristina / Franco, Andres / Matheu, Victor

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 6

Abstract: Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in ...

Abstract	Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in a pandemic situation. Patients and methods: Forty healthy healthcare workers accepted to participate during the vaccination schedule with a mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Measurement of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous response after intradermal test of protein S of SARS-CoV-2 at day 35 and day 200 was performed. At the same time, a specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA before vaccination, and on days 0, 35, and 200 was performed. Results: All 40 individuals had a positive DTH skin response at day 35, whereas 39 participants had a positive skin test at day 200. Moreover, although all 40 individuals showed a positive humoral response of specific IgG against spike protein at day 35, with most of them having significantly lower levels at day 200. Conclusion: DTH could be proposed as an ideal and easy method to predict cellular immunity response to mRNA vaccines 200 days after starting an immunization schedule with mRNA vaccine for COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12061421
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Article ; Online: Long Term Cell Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines Assessment Using a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Cutaneous Test

Yvelise Barrios / Cristina Alava-Cruz / Andres Franco / Victor Matheu

Diagnostics, Vol 12, Iss 1421, p

2022 Volume 1421

Abstract	Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in a pandemic situation. Patients and methods: Forty healthy healthcare workers accepted to participate during the vaccination schedule with a mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Measurement of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous response after intradermal test of protein S of SARS-CoV-2 at day 35 and day 200 was performed. At the same time, a specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA before vaccination, and on days 0, 35, and 200 was performed. Results: All 40 individuals had a positive DTH skin response at day 35, whereas 39 participants had a positive skin test at day 200. Moreover, although all 40 individuals showed a positive humoral response of specific IgG against spike protein at day 35, with most of them having significantly lower levels at day 200. Conclusion: DTH could be proposed as an ideal and easy method to predict cellular immunity response to mRNA vaccines 200 days after starting an immunization schedule with mRNA vaccine for COVID-19.
Keywords	T-cell response ; COVID-19 vaccination ; DTH ; skin test ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Salmonella Typhi Vaccination Response as a Tool for the Stratification of Risk in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies.

Alonso-Larruga, Ana / Barrios, Yvelise / Franco, Andrés / Suárez-Toste, Isabel / Rodríguez-Salazar, María José / Matheu, Víctor

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 10

Abstract: Predominantly antibody deficiencies are the most frequent type of primary immunodeficiency (PID). Diagnosis requires evaluation of the immune function by distinguishing the presence or absence of a response against polysaccharide antigens. ...

Abstract	Predominantly antibody deficiencies are the most frequent type of primary immunodeficiency (PID). Diagnosis requires evaluation of the immune function by distinguishing the presence or absence of a response against polysaccharide antigens.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12102423
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Article ; Online: Easy approach to detect cell immunity to COVID vaccines in common variable immunodeficiency patients.

Barrios, Yvelise / Franco, Andrés / Alava-Cruz, Cristina / Cuesta-Martin, Ricardo / Camara, Carmen / Matheu, Victor

Allergologia et immunopathologia

2022 Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 101–105

Abstract: Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies, such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), have some problems to assess immune response after coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccination. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies, such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), have some problems to assess immune response after coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccination. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has the potential to be used as a useful, simple, and cheaper tool to assess T-cell (T lymphocyte) function. Methods: Seventeen patients with CVID, a rare disease, received two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by measuring specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and Cellular Immune Response (CIR) was evaluated using an Results: Two weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 12 out of 17 CVID patients have high optical density (OD) ratios of specific anti-spike protein (S) IgG whereas five patients were negative or low. Conclusions: The use of DTH to evaluate CIR was validated with an optimal correlation with the Clinical implications: There is a remarkable correlation between cutaneous DTH and Capsule summary: Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity has the potential to be used as a useful, simple, and cheaper tool to assess T-cell functioning.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin G ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunoglobulin G ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; BNT162 Vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	193144-1
ISSN	1578-1267 ; 0301-0546
ISSN (online)	1578-1267
ISSN	0301-0546
DOI	10.15586/aei.v50i3.583
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Article ; Online: Laboratory and clinical practices in antinuclear antibody detection and related antigens: recommendations from a Spanish multicentre survey.

Martinez-Martinez, Laura / Irure-Ventura, Juan / Jurado, Aurora / Roy, Garbiñe / Montes, Marco Antonio / Barrios, Yvelise / Rodríguez-Bayona, Beatriz / Vergara, Esther / Prada, Álvaro / Rojo, Ricardo / Vargas, María Luisa

Immunologic research

2023 Volume 71, Issue 5, Page(s) 749–759

Abstract: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the most widely used immunological test for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Despite the recommendations of experts, there is some variability in performing and interpreting this test in routine practice. In this ... ...

Abstract	Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the most widely used immunological test for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Despite the recommendations of experts, there is some variability in performing and interpreting this test in routine practice. In this context, the Spanish Group on Autoimmune Diseases (GEAI) of the Spanish Society of Immunology (SEI) conducted a national survey of 50 autoimmunity laboratories. Here we report the survey results on ANA testing, detection of related antigens, and our recommendations. The survey showed that most of the participating laboratories use a similar approach for most key practices: 84% perform ANA by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells as the screening methodology while the other laboratories use IIF to confirm positive screens; 90% report ANA test results as either negative or positive with titer and pattern; 86% indicated that the ANA pattern conditioned follow-up testing for specific antigen-related antibodies; and 70% confirm positive anti-dsDNA. However, testing practices were highly heterogeneous for certain items, such as sera dilutions and the minimum time period for repeating ANA and related antigen determinations. Overall, this survey shows that most autoimmune laboratories in Spain use a similar approach but that further standardization of testing and reporting protocols is needed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Laboratories ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Immunologic Tests ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/methods
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Antinuclear
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632857-x
ISSN	1559-0755 ; 0257-277X
ISSN (online)	1559-0755
ISSN	0257-277X
DOI	10.1007/s12026-023-09389-x
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Zs.A 1755: Show issues

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Article: Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method.

Barrios, Yvelise / Rodriguez, Aurelio / Franco, Andrés / Alava-Cruz, Cristina / Marrero-Miranda, Domingo / Perez-Tamajon, Lourdes / Matheu, Victor

Vaccines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 11

Abstract: Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement of specific IgG anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2. Results: Ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 23 out of 25 transplanted patients had a positive DTH skin test, while in vitro CIR was considered positive in 20 patients. Unspecific stimulation was positive in all 25 patients, showing no T-cell defect. Seven out of twenty-five patients had a negative specific anti-spike IgG. CIR was positive in all immune-competent control patients. Conclusions: DTH is a useful, simple, and cheaper tool that can be used to assess cellular immune response, with an excellent correlation with the in vitro CIR. CIR assessment after vaccination in these immunocompromised patients is an excellent complement to HIR-based methods. This skin test could be used if classical in vitro methods cannot be applied.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines9111315
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Article: The Beauty of Simplicity: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction to Measure Cellular Immune Responses in RNA-SARS-Cov-2 Vaccinated Individuals.

Barrios, Yvelise / Franco, Andres / Sánchez-Machín, Inmaculada / Poza-Guedes, Paloma / González-Pérez, Ruperto / Matheu, Victor

Vaccines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 6

Abstract: Background: Monitoring cellular immune responses elicited in vaccinated individuals is highly complicated.: Methods: 28 individuals participated during the vaccination process with 12 BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Specific anti-RBD IgG using a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Monitoring cellular immune responses elicited in vaccinated individuals is highly complicated. Methods: 28 individuals participated during the vaccination process with 12 BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA was performed in days 10 and 20 (after one dose of the vaccine) and on day 35 (after two vaccine doses) in serum samples of all participants. In parallel, DTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity) Skin Test using S protein was performed before (11/28) and after two doses (28/28) of the vaccine. Results: 6/28 individuals were considered positive for the specific anti-RBD IgG positive at day 10, whereas all 28 individuals were positive at day 20. Moreover, 28/28 individuals increased the OD ratios at day 36 (2 doses). DTH cutaneous test was performed on 11/28 participants at day 20 (1 dose) showing 8/11 a positive reaction at 12 h. DTH of all participants was performed on day 36 (2 doses), showing 28/28 positive reactions at 12 h. Conclusion: This report describes the first publication of the results obtained using an in vivo method, the classical DTH response to the Spike protein to assess T-cell immune responses in vaccinated individuals. This affordable and simple test would help to answer basic immunogenicity questions on large-scale population vaccine studies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines9060575
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Article ; Online: A novel application of delayed-type hipersensitivity reaction to measure cellular immune response in SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals.

Barrios, Yvelise / Franco, Andres / Sanchez-Machin, Inmaculada / Poza-Guedes, Paloma / Gonzalez-Perez, Ruperto / Matheu, Victor

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

2021 Volume 226, Page(s) 108730

Abstract: Objective: To understand the anti-virus adaptive immune response occurring during SARS-Cov-2 infection is necessary to have methods to investigate cellular and humoral components. The goal of this study has been to investigate the utility of a specific ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To understand the anti-virus adaptive immune response occurring during SARS-Cov-2 infection is necessary to have methods to investigate cellular and humoral components. The goal of this study has been to investigate the utility of a specific spike-DTH test using a coronavirus recombinant protein in COVID-19 patients. Methods: DTH studies were performed by intradermal injection of a commercial recombinant spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 along with conventional serology studies. Results: Fifty-one COVID-19 patients were studied showing 84,3% of concordance with spike-DTH and anti-RBD-IgG. Spike-DTH was superior to identify seven more COVID-19 individuals. A high specificity was found with no positive spike DTH reactions in the non-sick individuals. The skin test also showed more stable results over time while specific anti-RBD-IgG decreased gradually. Clinical severity groups also showed a progressive gradient of larger positive spike-DTH. Conclusion: Specific spike DTH test seems to be an easy method to study cell immune response.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Serological Testing/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Injections, Intradermal ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Domains ; Recombinant Proteins ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Recombinant Proteins ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1459903-x
ISSN	1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
ISSN (online)	1521-7035
ISSN	1521-6616
DOI	10.1016/j.clim.2021.108730
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Zs.A 880: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients

Yvelise Barrios / Aurelio Rodriguez / Andrés Franco / Cristina Alava-Cruz / Domingo Marrero-Miranda / Lourdes Perez-Tamajon / Victor Matheu

Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1315, p

In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method

2021 Volume 1315

Abstract	Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer–BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement of specific IgG anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2. Results: Ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 23 out of 25 transplanted patients had a positive DTH skin test, while in vitro CIR was considered positive in 20 patients. Unspecific stimulation was positive in all 25 patients, showing no T-cell defect. Seven out of twenty-five patients had a negative specific anti-spike IgG. CIR was positive in all immune-competent control patients. Conclusions: DTH is a useful, simple, and cheaper tool that can be used to assess cellular immune response, with an excellent correlation with the in vitro CIR. CIR assessment after vaccination in these immunocompromised patients is an excellent complement to HIR-based methods. This skin test could be used if classical in vitro methods cannot be applied.
Keywords	delayed-type hypersensitivity ; DTH ; skin test ; SARS-CoV-2 ; vaccination ; kidney transplant ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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