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Artikel ; Online: Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth.

Assari, Shervin

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

2024

Abstract: Background: The influence of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on youth tobacco and marijuana use is recognized; however, the extent of these effects varies among different racial groups. Understanding the racial differences in ... ...

Abstract	Background: The influence of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on youth tobacco and marijuana use is recognized; however, the extent of these effects varies among different racial groups. Understanding the racial differences in the factors influencing substance use is crucial for developing tailored interventions aimed at reducing disparities in tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents. Aims: This study aims to explore the differential effects of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on tobacco and marijuana use between Black and White adolescents. Methods: Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this research includes a cohort of pre-youth, monitored from the age of 9-10 years for a period of up to 36 months. We examined the impact of various socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and multidimensional stressors, including trauma, financial stress, racial discrimination, and family stress, alongside baseline average cortical thickness and the subsequent initiation of tobacco and marijuana use over the 36-month follow-up. Results: Overall, 10,777 participants entered our analysis. This included 8263 White and 2514 Black youth. Our findings indicate significant differences in the pathways from SES indicators through stress types to cortical thickness between Black and White youths. Notably, cortical thickness's impact on the future initiation of tobacco and marijuana use was present in both groups. Conclusion: The study suggests that compared to White adolescents, Black adolescents' substance use and associated cortical thickness are less influenced by stress and SES indicators. This discrepancy may be attributed to the compounded effects of racism, where psychosocial mechanisms might be more diminished for Black youth than White youth. These findings support the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns rather than the cumulative disadvantage or double jeopardy hypothesis, highlighting the need for interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black adolescents.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-05-28
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2760524-3
ISSN	2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
ISSN	2197-3792
DOI	10.1007/s40615-024-02035-8
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Black Americans' Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Assari, Shervin

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Occupational classes exert substantial effects on both subjective and objective health outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether the health impact of similar occupational classes varies across racial groups among middle-aged and older ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Occupational classes exert substantial effects on both subjective and objective health outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether the health impact of similar occupational classes varies across racial groups among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Aim: Grounded in the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), which posits that health benefits from resources such as employment are systematically weaker for racial minority populations, particularly Non-Latino Black individuals, this study tested Black-White disparities in the effects of similar occupational classes on health outcomes in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we employed a 30-year longitudinal design with a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Six occupational classes-operator, managerial, professional specialty, sales, clerical/admin, and service-served as the key predictor variables (independent variables), with race as the moderator. Various health outcomes, including self-rated health, chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive function, were measured longitudinally from wave 1 to wave 15 (from baseline to 30 years later). Statistical analyses, incorporating logistic regression models, were conducted to assess associations between occupational class and health outcomes overall and based on race. Results: Our analysis included 7538 Non-Latino White or Non-Latino Black participants followed for up to 30 years. Initial findings revealed positive health effects of professional occupations on cognitive function and self-rated health over 30 years of follow-uWe also identified significant interactions between race and professional occupational class on all health outcomes, indicating notable racial differences in the effects of professional occupations on health outcomes across domains. The effects of professional occupational class were weaker for Non-Latino Black individuals than for Non-Latino White individuals. Conclusion: Consistent with the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory, our findings indicated less pronounced positive effects of professional occupations on a wide range of health outcomes for Non-Latino Black individuals compared to Non-Latino Whites. These disparities emphasize the critical need to address structural factors that contribute to the diminished returns of prestigious occupations for Non-Latino Black populations.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-05-28
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2760524-3
ISSN	2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
ISSN	2197-3792
DOI	10.1007/s40615-024-02034-9
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), Marginalized Populations, and Tobacco Regulatory Policies.

Assari, Shervin / Sheikhattari, Payam

Journal of lung health and diseases

2024 Band 7, Heft 2, Seite(n) 1–8

Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-01-18
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2689-999X
ISSN (online)	2689-999X
DOI	10.29245/2689-999x/2023/2.1183
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Nucleus Accumbens Volume and Youth Tobacco or Marijuana Use Following Stressful Life Events.

Assari, Shervin / Sheikhattari, Payam

Journal of mental health & clinical psychology

2024 Band 8, Heft 2, Seite(n) 1–13

Abstract: Background: Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) can upset balance and affect the healthy brain development of children and youths. These events may influence substance use by altering brain reward systems, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ... ...

Abstract	Background: Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) can upset balance and affect the healthy brain development of children and youths. These events may influence substance use by altering brain reward systems, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which plays a key role in motivated behaviors and reward processing. The interaction between sensitization to SLEs, depression, and substance use might vary between male and female youths, potentially due to differences in how each sex responds to SLEs. Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of sex on the relationship between SLEs, Nucleus Accumbens activity, and substance use in a nationwide sample of young individuals. Methods: We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD), a longitudinal study of pre-adolescents aged 9-10 years, comprising 11,795 participants tracked over 36 months. Structured interviews measuring SLEs were conducted using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Initial linear regression analyses explored if SLEs could predict volumes of the right and left NAc. Subsequently, Cox regression models were used to investigate how SLEs and NAc volume might predict the initiation of tobacco and marijuana use, with the analysis stratified by sex to address potential sex differences. Results: Our findings reveal that SLEs significantly predicted marijuana use in males but not in females, and tobacco use was influenced by SLEs in both sexes. A higher number of SLEs was linked with decreased left NAc volume in males, a trend not seen in females. The right NAc volume did not predict substance use in either sex. However, volumes of both the right and left NAc were significant predictors of future tobacco use, with varying relationships across sexes. In females, an inverse relationship was observed between both NAc volumes and the risk of tobacco use. In contrast, a positive correlation existed between the left NAc volume and tobacco and marijuana use in males, with no such relationship for females. Conclusion: This study underscores that the associations between SLEs, NAc volume, and subsequent substance use are influenced by a nuanced interplay of sex, brain hemisphere, and substance type.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-03-18
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2578-2959
ISSN (online)	2578-2959
DOI	10.29245/2578-2959/2024/2.1305
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Association Between Parental Educational Attainment and Children's Negative Urgency: Sex Differences.

Assari, Shervin

International journal of epidemiologic research

2021 Band 8, Heft 1, Seite(n) 14–22

Abstract: Background and aims: Negative urgency reflects a specific facet of impulsivity and correlates with a wide range of health-related risk behaviors, including, but not limited to, problematic substance use. Negative urgency is also shaped by family ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Negative urgency reflects a specific facet of impulsivity and correlates with a wide range of health-related risk behaviors, including, but not limited to, problematic substance use. Negative urgency is also shaped by family socioeconomic position (SEP), such as parental educational attainment (PEA). This study aimed to explore sex differences regarding protective effects of PEA on children's negative urgency in the US. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study data. Baseline ABCD data included 10,535 American children in the age range of 9-10 years old. The independent variable was PEA, treated as a 5-level categorical variable. The primary outcome was negative urgency measured by the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-SS). Mixed-effects regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: In sex-stratified regression models, high PEA was predictive of lower levels of negative urgency in female but not male children. In the overall sample, sex showed a statistically significant interaction with PEA on children's negative urgency, indicating a stronger protective effect of high PEA for female compared to male children. Conclusion: PEA was a more salient determinant of negative urgency in female children than male ones. Our results also showed that American boys tend to have high levels of negative urgency, which is a risk factor of drug use, at all parental education levels.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-03-30
Erscheinungsland	Iran
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2383-4366
ISSN (online)	2383-4366
DOI	10.34172/IJER.2021.04
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Subjective financial status and suicidal ideation among American college students: Racial differences.

Assari, Shervin

Archives of general internal medicine

2021 Band 3, Heft 1, Seite(n) 16–21

Abstract: Purpose: The current study aimed to compare American Black and White college students for the protective effect of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) on suicidal ideation.: Methods: This study used data from the Healthy Mind Study (HMS 2015-2017). ...

Abstract	Purpose: The current study aimed to compare American Black and White college students for the protective effect of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) on suicidal ideation. Methods: This study used data from the Healthy Mind Study (HMS 2015-2017). This study included 2,983 undergraduate college students who were at least 18 years of old. These participants were either White (n=2,704) or Black (n=279). The dependent variable was suicidal ideation. The independent variable was subjective SES. Age, gender, transition status, first generation status, and social isolation were covariates. Race/ethnicity was the moderator. Logistic regressions were applied to test the effect of subjective SES on suicidal ideation in the overall sample and by race/ ethnicity. Results: In the overall sample, high subjective SES was associated with less suicidal ideation in the pooled sample of college students. A significant interaction was found between race and subjective SES on suicide risk, suggesting a larger protective effect of high subjective SES for Whites than Blacks. In race-stratified models, high subjective SES was associated with less suicidal ideation for White college students but not for Black college students. Conclusions: Consistent with the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory and in line with previous research that has documented worse mental health of high SES Blacks particularly Black men, this study showed that high SES protects White college students but not Black college students against suicidal ideation. While Whites with low SES are protected against risk of suicide, risk of suicidal ideation seems to be constant regardless of SES among Black college students.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-04-23
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2591-7951
ISSN (online)	2591-7951
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Parental Education and Children's Sleep Disturbance: Minorities' Diminished Returns.

Assari, Shervin

International journal of epidemiologic research

2021 Band 8, Heft 1, Seite(n) 31–39

Abstract: Background and aims: While increased parental education reduces children's sleep problems, less is known about racial variation in such protection. According to Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, economic resources such as parental education ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: While increased parental education reduces children's sleep problems, less is known about racial variation in such protection. According to Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, economic resources such as parental education show weaker health effects for minority groups such as Blacks and Latinos than non-Latino Whites, which is due to racism and social stratification. In this study, we investigated the association between parental education and children's sleep problems, as a proxy of sleep problems, by race. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 11718 American children aged 9-10. All participants were recruited to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was parental education, a five-level nominal variable. The dependent variable - sleep problems, was a continuous variable. Race/ethnicity was the effect modifier. Age, sex, and marital status were the covariates. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Results: Parental education was associated with children's sleep problems. However, there was a weaker inverse association seen in non-Latino Black and Latino families compared to non-Latino White families. This was documented by a significant statistical interaction between race and ethnicity and parental education on children's sleep problems. Conclusion: Diminished protective effect of parental education on children's sleep problems for non- Latino Black and Latino families compared to non-Latino White families is similar to the MDRs in other domains. Worse than expected sleep may contribute to higher-than-expected health risks of middle-class Black and Latino children.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-07-09
Erscheinungsland	Iran
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2383-4366
ISSN (online)	2383-4366
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Household Income and Children's Depressive Symptoms: Immigrants' Diminished Returns.

Assari, Shervin

International journal of travel medicine and global health

2021 Band 8, Heft 4, Seite(n) 157–164

Abstract: Introduction: Relative to socially privileged groups, socially marginalized people experience weaker health effects of household income and other economic resources, a pattern known as Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs). These MDRs are frequently ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Relative to socially privileged groups, socially marginalized people experience weaker health effects of household income and other economic resources, a pattern known as Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs). These MDRs are frequently seen in racial and ethnic minorities, but less is known about the relevance of such MDRs in immigrant families. To investigate the MDRs of household income on children's depression as a function of immigration, we compared non-immigrant and immigrant children for the effect of household income on children's depressive symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted across multiple cities in the United States. Baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study collected in 2018 was used. A total of 6,412 children between the ages of 9-10-year-old were included. The predictor variable was household income. The primary outcome was children's depression measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Race, ethnicity, age, sex, parental marital status, parental employment, and financial difficulties were the covariates. Immigration status was the effect modifier. Results: Overall, high household income was associated with lower children's depressive symptoms. Immigration status showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children's depression. This interaction term suggested that high household income has a smaller protective effect against depression for immigrant children than non-immigrant children. Conclusion: The protective effect of household income against children's depression is diminished for immigrant than non-immigrant children.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-05-25
Erscheinungsland	Iran
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2729727-5
ISSN	2322-1100
ISSN	2322-1100
DOI	10.34172/IJTMGH.2020.27
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Mental Rotation in American Children: Diminished Returns of Parental Education in Black Families.

Assari, Shervin

Pediatric reports

2020 Band 12, Heft 3, Seite(n) 130–141

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-11-20
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2036-749X
ISSN	2036-749X
DOI	10.3390/pediatric12030028
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Cingulo-opercular and Cingulo-parietal Brain Networks Functional Connectivity in Pre-adolescents: Multiplicative Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Parental Education.

Assari, Shervin

Research in health science

2021 Band 6, Heft 2, Seite(n) 76–99

Abstract: Introduction: A growing body of research has shown a diminished association between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and a wide range of neuroimaging indicators for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. However, less is known ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: A growing body of research has shown a diminished association between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and a wide range of neuroimaging indicators for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. However, less is known about these effects for resting-state functional connectivity between various brain networks. Purpose: This study investigated racial and ethnic variation in the correlation between parental education and resting-state functional connectivity between the cingulo-opercular (CO) and cingulo-parietal (CP) networks in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; we analyzed the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) data of 8,464 American pre-adolescents between the ages of 9 and 10. The main outcome measured was resting-state functional connectivity between the CO and CP networks calculated using rsfMRI. The independent variable was parental education, which was treated as a nominal variable. Age, sex, and family marital status were the study covariates. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis, with and without interaction terms between parental education and race and ethnicity. Results: Higher parental education was associated with higher resting-state functional connectivity between the CO and CP networks. Race and ethnicity both showed statistically significant interactions with parental education on children's resting-state functional connectivity between CO and CP networks, suggesting that the correlation between parental education and the resting-state functional connectivity was significantly weaker for Black and Hispanic pre-adolescents compared to White and non-Hispanic pre-adolescents. Conclusions: In line with the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory, the association between parental education and pre-adolescents resting-state functional connectivity between CO and CP networks may be weaker in Black and Hispanic children than in White and non-Hispanic children. The weaker link between parental education and brain functional connectivity for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites and non-Hispanics may reflect racism, racialization, and social stratification that collectively minimize the returns of SES indicators, such as parental education for non-Whites, who become others in the US.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-11-03
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-6213
ISSN (online)	2470-6213
DOI	10.22158/rhs.v6n2p76
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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