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  1. Article ; Online: The COVID-19 Pandemic Is a Battle Against Disease, Fear, and Misinformation.

    Stephens, Timothy N

    American family physician

    2020  Volume 102, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Communication ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Fear ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Quackery ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 412694-4
    ISSN 1532-0650 ; 0002-838X ; 0572-3612
    ISSN (online) 1532-0650
    ISSN 0002-838X ; 0572-3612
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    Zs.B 848: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Experimental Identification of Potential Martian Biosignatures in Open and Closed Systems.

    Ramkissoon, Nisha K / Macey, Michael C / Kucukkilic-Stephens, Ezgi / Barton, Timothy / Steele, Andrew / Johnson, David N / Stephens, Ben P / Schwenzer, Susanne P / Pearson, Victoria K / Olsson-Francis, Karen

    Astrobiology

    2024  

    Abstract: NASA's Perseverance and ESA's Rosalind Franklin rovers have the scientific goal of searching for evidence of ancient life on Mars. Geochemical biosignatures that form because of microbe-mineral interactions could play a key role in achieving this, as ... ...

    Abstract NASA's Perseverance and ESA's Rosalind Franklin rovers have the scientific goal of searching for evidence of ancient life on Mars. Geochemical biosignatures that form because of microbe-mineral interactions could play a key role in achieving this, as they can be preserved for millions of years on Earth, and the same could be true for Mars. Previous laboratory experiments have explored the formation of biosignatures under closed systems, but these do not represent the open systems that are found in natural martian environments, such as channels and lakes. In this study, we have conducted environmental simulation experiments using a global regolith simulant (OUCM-1), a thermochemically modelled groundwater, and an anaerobic microbial community to explore the formation of geochemical biosignatures within plausible open and closed systems on Mars. This initial investigation showed differences in the diversity of the microbial community developed after 28 days. In an open-system simulation (flow-through experiment), the acetogenic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2047736-3
    ISSN 1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
    ISSN (online) 1557-8070
    ISSN 1531-1074
    DOI 10.1089/ast.2023.0013
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  4. Article: Attenuation of muscle spindle firing with artificially increased series compliance during stretch of relaxed muscle.

    Abbott, Emily M / Stephens, Jacob D / Simha, Surabhi N / Wood, Leo / Nardelli, Paul / Cope, Timothy C / Sawicki, Gregory S / Ting, Lena H

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Muscle spindles relay vital mechanosensory information for movement and posture, but muscle spindle feedback is coupled to skeletal motion by a compliant tendon. Little is known about the effects of tendon compliance on muscle spindle feedback during ... ...

    Abstract Muscle spindles relay vital mechanosensory information for movement and posture, but muscle spindle feedback is coupled to skeletal motion by a compliant tendon. Little is known about the effects of tendon compliance on muscle spindle feedback during movement, and the complex firing of muscle spindles make these effects difficult to predict. Our goal was to investigate changes in muscle spindle firing using added series elastic elements (SEEs) to mimic a more compliant tendon, and to characterize the accompanying changes in firing with respect to muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and muscle fascicle displacements (recorded via sonomicrometry). Sinusoidal, ramp-hold-release, and triangular stretches were analyzed to examine potential changes in muscle spindle instantaneous firing rates (IFRs) in locomotor- and perturbation-like stretches as well as history dependence. Added SEEs effectively reduced overall MTU stiffness and generally reduced muscle spindle firing rates, but the effect differed across stretch types. During sinusoidal stretches, peak firing rates were reduced and IFR was strongly correlated with fascicle velocity. During ramp stretches, SEEs reduced the dynamic and static responses of the spindle during lengthening but had no effect on initial bursts at the onset of stretch. Notably, IFR was negatively related to fascicle displacement during the hold phase. During triangular stretches, SEEs reduced the mean IFR during the first and second stretches, affecting the history dependence of mean IFR. Overall, these results demonstrate that tendon compliance may attenuate muscle spindle feedback during movement, but these changes cannot be fully explained by reduced muscle fascicle length and velocity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.05.08.539853
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Attenuation of muscle spindle firing with artificially increased series compliance during stretch of relaxed muscle.

    Abbott, Emily M / Stephens, Jacob D / Simha, Surabhi N / Wood, Leo / Nardelli, Paul / Cope, Timothy C / Sawicki, Gregory S / Ting, Lena H

    Experimental physiology

    2023  Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 148–158

    Abstract: Muscle spindles relay vital mechanosensory information for movement and posture, but muscle spindle feedback is coupled to skeletal motion by a compliant tendon. Little is known about the effects of tendon compliance on muscle spindle feedback during ... ...

    Abstract Muscle spindles relay vital mechanosensory information for movement and posture, but muscle spindle feedback is coupled to skeletal motion by a compliant tendon. Little is known about the effects of tendon compliance on muscle spindle feedback during movement, and the complex firing of muscle spindles makes these effects difficult to predict. Our goal was to investigate changes in muscle spindle firing using added series elastic elements (SEEs) to mimic a more compliant tendon, and to characterize the accompanying changes in firing with respect to muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and muscle fascicle displacements (recorded via sonomicrometry). Sinusoidal, ramp-and-hold and triangular stretches were analysed to examine potential changes in muscle spindle instantaneous firing rates (IFRs) in locomotor- and perturbation-like stretches as well as serial history dependence. Added SEEs effectively reduced overall MTU stiffness and generally reduced muscle spindle firing rates, but the effect differed across stretch types. During sinusoidal stretches, peak and mean firing rates were not reduced and IFR was best-correlated with fascicle velocity. During ramp stretches, SEEs reduced the initial burst, dynamic and static responses of the spindle. Notably, IFR was negatively related to fascicle displacement during the hold phase. During triangular stretches, SEEs reduced the mean IFR during the first and second stretches, affecting the serial history dependence of mean IFR. Overall, these results demonstrate that tendon compliance may attenuate muscle spindle feedback during movement, but these changes cannot be fully explained by reduced muscle fascicle length or velocity, or MTU force.
    MeSH term(s) Muscle Spindles/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Tendons/physiology ; Movement ; Posture
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1016295-1
    ISSN 1469-445X ; 0958-0670
    ISSN (online) 1469-445X
    ISSN 0958-0670
    DOI 10.1113/EP090872
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  6. Article: Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Tramadol from Cyclohexanone

    Monos, Timothy M. / Jaworski, Jonathan N. / Stephens, John C. / Jamison, Timothy F.

    Synlett

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 19, Page(s) 1888–1893

    Abstract: A multioperation, continuous-flow platform for the synthesis of tramadol, ranging from gram to decagram quantities, is described. The platform is segmented into two halves allowing for a single operator to modulate between preparation of the intermediate ...

    Abstract A multioperation, continuous-flow platform for the synthesis of tramadol, ranging from gram to decagram quantities, is described. The platform is segmented into two halves allowing for a single operator to modulate between preparation of the intermediate by Mannich addition or complete the fully concatenated synthesis. All purification operations are incorporated in-line for the Mannich reaction. ‘Flash’ reactivity between meta -methoxyphenyl magnesium bromide and the Mannich product was controlled with a static helical mixer and tested with a combination of flow and batch-based and factorial evaluations. These efforts culminated in a rapid production rate of tramadol (13.7 g°h –1 ) sustained over 56 reactor volumes. A comparison of process metrics including E-Factor, production rate, and space-time yield are used to contextualize the developed platform with respect to established engineering and synthetic methods for making tramadol.
    Keywords continuous processing ; flow chemistry ; E-factor ; Grignard reaction ; Mannich bases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-09
    Publisher © Georg Thieme Verlag
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2042012-2
    ISSN 1437-2096 ; 0936-5214
    ISSN (online) 1437-2096
    ISSN 0936-5214
    DOI 10.1055/s-0039-1690884
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  7. Article ; Online: Development of a portable toolkit to diagnose coral thermal stress.

    Meng, Zhuolun / Williams, Amanda / Liau, Pinky / Stephens, Timothy G / Drury, Crawford / Chiles, Eric N / Su, Xiaoyang / Javanmard, Mehdi / Bhattacharya, Debashish

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 14398

    Abstract: Coral bleaching, precipitated by the expulsion of the algal symbionts that provide colonies with fixed carbon is a global threat to reef survival. To protect corals from anthropogenic stress, portable tools are needed to detect and diagnose stress ... ...

    Abstract Coral bleaching, precipitated by the expulsion of the algal symbionts that provide colonies with fixed carbon is a global threat to reef survival. To protect corals from anthropogenic stress, portable tools are needed to detect and diagnose stress syndromes and assess population health prior to extensive bleaching. Here, medical grade Urinalysis strips, used to detect an array of disease markers in humans, were tested on the lab stressed Hawaiian coral species, Montipora capitata (stress resistant) and Pocillopora acuta (stress sensitive), as well as samples from nature that also included Porites compressa. Of the 10 diagnostic reagent tests on these strips, two appear most applicable to corals: ketone and leukocytes. The test strip results from M. capitata were explored using existing transcriptomic data from the same samples and provided evidence of the stress syndromes detected by the strips. We designed a 3D printed smartphone holder and image processing software for field analysis of test strips (TestStripDX) and devised a simple strategy to generate color scores for corals (reflecting extent of bleaching) using a smartphone camera (CoralDX). Our approaches provide field deployable methods, that can be improved in the future (e.g., coral-specific stress test strips) to assess reef health using inexpensive tools and freely available software.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics ; Coral Reefs ; Hawaii ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-18653-3
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  8. Article ; Online: Development of a portable toolkit to diagnose coral thermal stress

    Zhuolun Meng / Amanda Williams / Pinky Liau / Timothy G. Stephens / Crawford Drury / Eric N. Chiles / Xiaoyang Su / Mehdi Javanmard / Debashish Bhattacharya

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Coral bleaching, precipitated by the expulsion of the algal symbionts that provide colonies with fixed carbon is a global threat to reef survival. To protect corals from anthropogenic stress, portable tools are needed to detect and diagnose ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Coral bleaching, precipitated by the expulsion of the algal symbionts that provide colonies with fixed carbon is a global threat to reef survival. To protect corals from anthropogenic stress, portable tools are needed to detect and diagnose stress syndromes and assess population health prior to extensive bleaching. Here, medical grade Urinalysis strips, used to detect an array of disease markers in humans, were tested on the lab stressed Hawaiian coral species, Montipora capitata (stress resistant) and Pocillopora acuta (stress sensitive), as well as samples from nature that also included Porites compressa. Of the 10 diagnostic reagent tests on these strips, two appear most applicable to corals: ketone and leukocytes. The test strip results from M. capitata were explored using existing transcriptomic data from the same samples and provided evidence of the stress syndromes detected by the strips. We designed a 3D printed smartphone holder and image processing software for field analysis of test strips (TestStripDX) and devised a simple strategy to generate color scores for corals (reflecting extent of bleaching) using a smartphone camera (CoralDX). Our approaches provide field deployable methods, that can be improved in the future (e.g., coral-specific stress test strips) to assess reef health using inexpensive tools and freely available software.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Multi-omic characterization of the thermal stress phenome in the stony coral

    Williams, Amanda / Pathmanathan, Jananan S / Stephens, Timothy G / Su, Xiaoyang / Chiles, Eric N / Conetta, Dennis / Putnam, Hollie M / Bhattacharya, Debashish

    PeerJ

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) e12335

    Abstract: Background: Corals, which form the foundation of biodiverse reef ecosystems, are under threat from warming oceans. Reefs provide essential ecological services, including food, income from tourism, nutrient cycling, waste removal, and the absorption of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Corals, which form the foundation of biodiverse reef ecosystems, are under threat from warming oceans. Reefs provide essential ecological services, including food, income from tourism, nutrient cycling, waste removal, and the absorption of wave energy to mitigate erosion. Here, we studied the coral thermal stress response using network methods to analyze transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data generated from the Hawaiian rice coral
    Methods: M. capitata
    Results: Our results reveal the complexity of the thermal stress phenome in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.12335
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  10. Article ; Online: Regional cortical thickness recovery with extended abstinence after treatment in those with alcohol use disorder.

    Durazzo, Timothy C / Stephens, Lauren H / Meyerhoff, Dieter J

    Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 114, Page(s) 51–60

    Abstract: ... at approximately 1 week (n = 68), 1 month (n = 88), and 7.3 months (n = 40) of abstinence. Forty-five never-smoking ...

    Abstract Several cross-sectional investigations reported widespread cortical thinning in those with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The few longitudinal studies investigating cortical thickness changes during abstinence are limited to the first month of sobriety. Consequently, cortical thickness changes during extended abstinence in those with AUD is unclear. In this study, AUD participants were studied at approximately 1 week (n = 68), 1 month (n = 88), and 7.3 months (n = 40) of abstinence. Forty-five never-smoking controls (CON) completed a baseline study, and 15 were reassessed after approximately 9.6 months. Participants completed magnetic resonance imaging studies at 1.5T, and cortical thickness for 34 bilateral regions of interest (ROI) was quantitated with FreeSurfer. AUD participants demonstrated significant linear thickness increases in 25/34 ROI over 7.3 months of abstinence. The rate of change from 1 week to 1 month was greater than 1 month to 7.3 months in 19/34 ROIs. Proatherogenic conditions were associated with lower thickness recovery in anterior frontal, inferior parietal, and lateral/mesial temporal regions. After 7.3 months of abstinence, AUD participants were statistically equivalent to CON on cortical thickness in 24/34 ROIs; the cortical thickness differences between AUD and CON in the banks superior temporal gyrus, post central, posterior cingulate, superior parietal, supramarginal, and superior frontal cortices were driven by thinner cortices in AUD with proatherogenic conditions relative to CON. In actively smoking AUD, increasing pack-years was associated with decreasing thickness recovery primarily in the anterior frontal ROIs. Widespread bilateral cortical thickness recovery over 7.3 months of abstinence was the central finding for this AUD cohort. The longitudinal and cross-sectional findings for AUD with proatherogenic suggests alterations in perfusion or vascular integrity may relate to structural recovery in those with AUD. These results support the adaptive and beneficial effects of sustained sobriety on brain structural recovery in people with AUD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alcoholism/diagnostic imaging ; Alcoholism/therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Brain ; Longitudinal Studies ; Frontal Lobe ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Alcohol Abstinence ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605912-0
    ISSN 1873-6823 ; 0741-8329
    ISSN (online) 1873-6823
    ISSN 0741-8329
    DOI 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.08.011
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