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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Off-grid solar electrification in Africa

Ojong, Nathanael

a critical perspective

(Energy, Climate and the Environment)

2022

Abstract: This book evaluates off-grid solar electrification in Africa by examining how political, economic, institutional, and social forces shape the adoption of off-grid solar technologies, including how issues of energy injustice are manifested at different ... ...

Series title	Energy, Climate and the Environment
Abstract	This book evaluates off-grid solar electrification in Africa by examining how political, economic, institutional, and social forces shape the adoption of off-grid solar technologies, including how issues of energy injustice are manifested at different levels and spaces. The book takes a historical, contemporary, and projective outlook using case studies from pre- and ongoing electrification communities in non-Western countries such as Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Senegal, Malawi, Tanzania, and Nigeria. Beyond the diverse nature of these countries in terms of their geographical location in West, East, and Southern Africa, each offers a different experience in terms of colonial history, economic and institutional infrastructure, social and cultural context, and level of adoption of off-grid solar technologies. Notably, the book contributes to the off-grid solar and energy justice scholarship in low-income non-Western contexts. It examines various approaches to energy justice and does so by engaging with Western and non-Western philosophical notions of the concept. It takes into consideration the major principles of Ubuntu philosophy with the adoption of off-grid solar technologies, hence enriching the energy justice framework. Finally, the book interrogates the degree to which the social mission that catalysed the expansion of the off-grid solar sector is being undermined by broader structural dynamics of the capital investment upon which it is reliant. It also argues that the ascendance of off-grid solar electrification in Africa is transformative in that it enables millions of people without access to or facing uncertainties linked to centralised grid energy to have access to basic energy services.
Keywords	Electrification ; Solar energy ; Engineering ; Technology & Engineering
Subject code	621.47
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (389 pages)
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Cham, Switzerland
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	9783031138256 ; 9783031138249 ; 3031138252 ; 3031138244
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Solar Home Systems in South Asia

Nathanael Ojong

Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 7754, p

Examining Adoption, Energy Consumption, and Social Practices

2021 Volume 7754

Abstract: Renewable electricity generation from solar energy has rapidly increased in South Asia. This paper presents a systematic review of 79 scholarly papers on the topic of solar home system adoption, energy consumption, and social practices in South Asia. ... ...

Abstract	Renewable electricity generation from solar energy has rapidly increased in South Asia. This paper presents a systematic review of 79 scholarly papers on the topic of solar home system adoption, energy consumption, and social practices in South Asia. Using an intersectionality lens, the paper demonstrates that various categories of difference, such as gender, age, class, and ethnicity, intersect and shape the adoption of this technology in South Asia. Utilizing a social practice theory lens, the paper shows that solar home systems shape the spatial and temporal arrangements and practices of members of households that have adopted the technology, as well as their counterparts who have not. This technology has a practical but also symbolic function; the symbolic function and social meaning are derived from the economic and socio-cultural contexts. As this renewable energy technology is embedded in economic and socio-cultural contexts, people reconfigure it in creative ways to meet their everyday energy needs. The paper identifies research gaps and suggests future research agendas.
Keywords	solar home systems ; social practice theory ; South Asia ; social practices ; energy consumption ; solar electricity ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon.

Ojong, Nathanael

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract: This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely ... ...

Abstract	This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely weakened the country's health system. This article also emphasises the interconnection between poverty, slums, and COVID-19. This interconnection brings to the fore inequality in Cameroon. Arguably, this inequality could facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This article draws attention to the political forces shaping the response to the pandemic and contends that in some regions in the country, the lack of an effective response to the pandemic may not necessarily be due to a lack of resources. In so doing, it critiques the COVID-19 orthodoxy that focuses exclusively on the pathology of the disease and advocates "technical" solutions to the pandemic, while ignoring the political and socio-economic forces that shape the fight against the pandemic. At times, medical supplies and other forms of assistance may be available, but structural violence impairs access to these resources. Politics must be brought into the COVID-19 discourse, as it shapes the response to the pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare8020176
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: "This is most likely not the correct vaccine": Analyzing COVID-19's viral spread and vaccine anxieties in Ghana, Cameroon, and Malawi.

Ojong, Nathanael / Agbe, Eyram

Social science & medicine (1982)

2023 Volume 329, Page(s) 116001

Abstract: Following the successful development of vaccines for COVID-19, attention turned to the problem of vaccine access. However, in contexts where vaccines are available, hesitancy remains a major problem. Informed theoretically by the scholarship on vaccine ... ...

Abstract	Following the successful development of vaccines for COVID-19, attention turned to the problem of vaccine access. However, in contexts where vaccines are available, hesitancy remains a major problem. Informed theoretically by the scholarship on vaccine anxiety, this paper uses a qualitative research approach that included 144 semi-structured interviews to investigate how social and political dynamics shaped people's perspectives in particular environments in Ghana, Cameroon, and Malawi about COVID-19's viral spread and COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccines and the viral spread of COVID-19 are related to political tensions and class-related fractures in particular contexts, and how the public interprets COVID-19's viral spread and engages with vaccination is based on people's social and political environment and their experience. Subjectivities are also rooted in coloniality. Vaccine confidence goes beyond clinical and regulatory authority approvals, and encompasses forces that are economic, social, and political in nature. Thus, an exclusive focus on technical prescriptions for enhancing vaccine uptake will not achieve significant positive results.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Malawi/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccines ; Anxiety ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon

Nathanael Ojong

Healthcare, Vol 8, Iss 176, p

2020 Volume 176

Abstract	This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely weakened the country’s health system. This article also emphasises the interconnection between poverty, slums, and COVID-19. This interconnection brings to the fore inequality in Cameroon. Arguably, this inequality could facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This article draws attention to the political forces shaping the response to the pandemic and contends that in some regions in the country, the lack of an effective response to the pandemic may not necessarily be due to a lack of resources. In so doing, it critiques the COVID-19 orthodoxy that focuses exclusively on the pathology of the disease and advocates “technical” solutions to the pandemic, while ignoring the political and socio-economic forces that shape the fight against the pandemic. At times, medical supplies and other forms of assistance may be available, but structural violence impairs access to these resources. Politics must be brought into the COVID-19 discourse, as it shapes the response to the pandemic.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; health system ; political economy of health ; corruption ; out-of-pocket payments ; Cameroon ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: “A lender should not know where you live”: Financial precarity, debt, and everyday life in rural Malawi and Tanzania

Ojong, Nathanael / Gill-Wiehl, Annelise

Journal of Rural Studies. 2023 Jan., v. 97 p.314-321

2023

Abstract: This paper examines the loan sources used by rural solar home system adopters to meet their everyday needs, as well as the motivations for using these sources. The findings show that people in rural areas take into account social and economic factors ... ...

Abstract	This paper examines the loan sources used by rural solar home system adopters to meet their everyday needs, as well as the motivations for using these sources. The findings show that people in rural areas take into account social and economic factors when making a decision regarding where to seek a loan. People borrowed money from individuals with whom they had strong ties, which could be parents, siblings, cousins, uncles, aunts, friends, or neighbours, and there was heterogeneity regarding where people situate family members along the weak/strong tie continuum. The results show that people preferred borrowing money from individuals with whom they had relationships based on the principle of reciprocity, suggesting their preference to avoid dependency in favour of equality. The findings also show that spatial and social proximity are intimately interconnected, and that both play an important role in determining where people turn to when in need of a loan. In several cases, the provision of a loan was based on a combination of both dimensions of proximity. Our findings have implications for energy policies that increasingly require households to bear the financial demands of access to basic energy services.
Keywords	debt ; energy ; loans ; people ; Malawi ; Tanzania ; Solar home systems ; Credit ; Social proximity ; Spatial proximity ; Reciprocity ; Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 314-321.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	252458-2
ISSN	0743-0167
ISSN	0743-0167
DOI	10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.12.022
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Yours, mine, and ours

Annelise Gill-Wiehl / Nathanael Ojong

Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 8, p

gender, intra-household dynamics, and financing solar home systems in Tanzania

2023 Volume 084018

Abstract: The financing of off-grid solar is a crucial component for the expansion of electricity access, particularly across sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging literature in energy access research analyzes the role of gender and inequalities in access and subsequent ... ...

Abstract	The financing of off-grid solar is a crucial component for the expansion of electricity access, particularly across sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging literature in energy access research analyzes the role of gender and inequalities in access and subsequent outcomes; however, beyond gendered outcomes, the field has yet to interrogate the intra-household dynamics of obtaining access. The literatures of the intra-household dynamics of budgeting and energy access have remained distinct. Bridging these literatures, we present the first analysis of if and how intra-household dynamics relate to how individuals obtain energy access through our specific case of financing solar home systems (SHSs). Drawing on 113 interviews across four districts in Tanzania, we employ qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative generalized linear model-based prevalence ratio estimates. We find five categories of how SHS adopters describe gender and intra-household dynamics relating to the financing of their SHS. We find it inappropriate to treat the household as a single entity as in half our sample, women are either solely or jointly responsible for financing the SHS. Female headed households have a higher prevalence of relying on debt to finance their SHS, while households with female financial decision-making power have a higher prevalence of relying on savings. The unitary model of a household limits the sector’s ability to efficiently support multi-adult households as they navigate individual needs and preferences in the financing and ultimate acquisition of the SHS. Researchers, policy makers, and the private sector could further acknowledge and explore intra-household dynamics and consider shifting the focus away from debt-based financing towards energy-dedicated savings accounts for female customers and improving borrowing conditions for female headed households.
Keywords	gender ; solar home systems ; intra-household dynamics ; financing ; energy access ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon

Ojong, Nathanael

Abstract	This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely weakened the country's health system. This article also emphasises the interconnection between poverty, slums, and COVID-19. This interconnection brings to the fore inequality in Cameroon. Arguably, this inequality could facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This article draws attention to the political forces shaping the response to the pandemic and contends that in some regions in the country, the lack of an effective response to the pandemic may not necessarily be due to a lack of resources. In so doing, it critiques the COVID-19 orthodoxy that focuses exclusively on the pathology of the disease and advocates "technical" solutions to the pandemic, while ignoring the political and socio-economic forces that shape the fight against the pandemic. At times, medical supplies and other forms of assistance may be available, but structural violence impairs access to these resources. Politics must be brought into the COVID-19 discourse, as it shapes the response to the pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #601626
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Towards sustainability: The relationship between foreign direct investment, economic freedom and inclusive green growth

Ofori, Isaac K. / Figari, Francesco / Ojong, Nathanael

Journal of Cleaner Production. 2023 June, v. 406 p.137020-

2023

Abstract: This study contributes to the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability literature by examining three important issues. First, the study examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic freedom on inclusive green growth (IGG) in ... ...

Abstract	This study contributes to the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability literature by examining three important issues. First, the study examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic freedom on inclusive green growth (IGG) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Second, we investigate whether economic freedom interacts with FDI to promote IGG. Third, we identify the minimum threshold required for economic freedom to cause FDI to foster IGG. The findings are based on macro data for 20 SSA countries. Evidence, based on instrumental variable regression, shows that, unconditionally, FDI is not statistically significant for promoting IGG. Second, the study finds that SSA's ‘Mostly unfree’ economic architecture conditions FDI to reduce IGG. Third, results from our threshold regression reveal that the minimum threshold required for economic freedom to cause FDI to foster IGG is 66.2% (Moderately free). The study sheds new light on investments necessary for SSA's economic architecture to form relevant synergies with FDI to promote IGG.
Keywords	cleaning ; databases ; economic threshold ; environmental sustainability ; foreign direct investment ; journals ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Economic freedom ; FDI ; Government integrity ; Inclusive green growth ; Sustainable development ; F21 ; F6 ; H1 ; P1 ; O55 ; Q01 ; Q56
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	0959-6526
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137020
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Gender, the state, and informal self-employment: Perspectives from the mobile telecommunication industry in Cameroon

Ojong, Nathanael

International journal of social economics Vol. 44, No. 1 , p. 1456-1470

2017 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 1456–1470

Author's details	Nathanael Ojong
Keywords	Gender ; Cameroon ; Mobile phones ; Informal economy ; Mobile network operators
Language	English
Publisher	Emerald Group
Publishing place	Bingley
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	188656-3 ; 2014271-7
ISSN	0306-8293
ISSN	0306-8293
Database	ECONomics Information System

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