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  1. Book ; Online: Roles of justice in bioethics

    Häyry, Matti

    (Elements in bioethics and neuroethics ; Cambridge elements)

    2022  

    Institution Aalto-Yliopisto
    Author's details Matti Häyry, Aalto University School of Business
    Series title Elements in bioethics and neuroethics
    Cambridge elements
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (78 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021592924
    ISBN 978-1-00-910436-4 ; 9781009108478 ; 1-00-910436-5 ; 1009108476
    DOI 10.1017/9781009104364
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

    Full text online

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  2. Article ; Online: Confessions of an Antinatalist Philosopher.

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2024  , Page(s) 1–19

    Abstract: Antinatalism assigns reproduction a negative value. There should be fewer or no births. Those who say that there should be fewer births have been called conditional antinatalists. A better name for their view would be selective pronatalism. Those who say ...

    Abstract Antinatalism assigns reproduction a negative value. There should be fewer or no births. Those who say that there should be fewer births have been called conditional antinatalists. A better name for their view would be selective pronatalism. Those who say that there should be no births face two challenges. They must define the scope of their no-birth policy. Does it apply only to human or sentient beings or can it also be extended to all organic life, perhaps even to machine consciousness? And whatever the scope, they have to justify the eventual extinction of humankind or other life forms, an inevitable consequence of unconditional antinatalism. Different axiologies and moral theories produce different responses to these challenges. It is argued that a two-value conflict-sensitive negative utilitarianism would produce a kind and reasonable justification for ending at least human and factory-animal reproduction. The conclusion is purely moral and supports only voluntary extinction for humankind.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180123000634
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Exit Duty Generator.

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 217–231

    Abstract: This article presents a revised version of negative utilitarianism. Previous versions have relied on a hedonistic theory of value and stated that suffering should be minimized. The traditional rebuttal is that the doctrine in this form morally requires ... ...

    Abstract This article presents a revised version of negative utilitarianism. Previous versions have relied on a hedonistic theory of value and stated that suffering should be minimized. The traditional rebuttal is that the doctrine in this form morally requires us to end all sentient life. To avoid this, a need-based theory of value is introduced. The frustration of the needs not to suffer and not to have one's autonomy dwarfed should,
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Moral Obligations ; Ethical Analysis ; Ethical Theory ; Philosophy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S096318012300004X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Another Look at Solidarity-ADDENDUM.

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 279

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180122000068
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  5. Article ; Online: Roe v. Wade

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 434–442

    Abstract: The reversal ... ...

    Abstract The reversal of
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; United States ; Abortion, Legal ; Abortion, Induced ; Privacy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180122000342
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  6. Article ; Online: If You Must Give Them a Gift, Then Give Them the Gift of Nonexistence.

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–59

    Abstract: I present a qualified new defense of antinatalism. It is intended to empower potential parents who worry about their possible children's life quality in a world threatened by environmental degradation, climate change, and the like. The main elements of ... ...

    Abstract I present a qualified new defense of antinatalism. It is intended to empower potential parents who worry about their possible children's life quality in a world threatened by environmental degradation, climate change, and the like. The main elements of the defense are an understanding of antinatalism's historical nature and contemporary varieties, a positional theory of value based on Epicurean hedonism and Schopenhauerian pessimism, and a sensitive guide for reproductive decision-making in the light of different views on life's value and risk-taking. My conclusion, main message, to the concerned would-be parents is threefold. If they believe that life's ordinary frustrations can make it not worth living, they should not have children. If they believe that a noticeably low life quality makes it not worth living and that such life quality can be reasonably expected, they should not have children, either. If they believe that a noticeably low life quality is not reasonably to be expected or that the risk is worth taking, they can, in the light of their own values and beliefs, have children. The conclusion is supported by a combination of the extant arguments for reproductive abstinence, namely the arguments from consent, moral asymmetry, life quality, and risk.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Parents ; Morals ; Philosophy ; Dissent and Disputes ; Emotions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180122000317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Are some controversial views in bioethics Juvenalian satire without irony?

    Häyry, Matti

    Theoretical medicine and bioethics

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 177–189

    Abstract: The article examines five controversial views, expressed in Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal, Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer's Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants, Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva's "After-birth abortion: why ... ...

    Abstract The article examines five controversial views, expressed in Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal, Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer's Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants, Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva's "After-birth abortion: why should the baby live?", Julian Savulescu's "Procreative beneficence: why we should select the best children", and the author's "A rational cure for prereproductive stress syndrome". These views have similarities and differences on five levels: the grievances they raise, the proposals they make, the justifications they explicitly use, the justifications they implicitly rely on, and the criticisms that they have encountered. A comparison of these similarities and differences produces two findings. First, some controversial views based on utilitarian considerations would probably fare better flipped upside down and presented as Juvenalian satires. Secondly, a modicum of humor or modesty could help presenters of controversial views to stir polite critical discussion on the themes that they put forward.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Child ; Humans ; Moral Obligations ; Reproduction ; Abortion, Induced ; Parturition ; Bioethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1418481-3
    ISSN 1573-0980 ; 1573-1200 ; 1386-7415
    ISSN (online) 1573-0980 ; 1573-1200
    ISSN 1386-7415
    DOI 10.1007/s11017-022-09604-0
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  8. Article ; Online: COVID-19 and Beyond: The Need for Copathy and Impartial Advisers.

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 220–229

    Abstract: When humanity has either suppressed coronavirus disease 2019 or learned to come to terms with its continued existence, governments and corporations probably return to their prepandemic stances. Solutions to the world's problems are sought from technology ...

    Abstract When humanity has either suppressed coronavirus disease 2019 or learned to come to terms with its continued existence, governments and corporations probably return to their prepandemic stances. Solutions to the world's problems are sought from technology and business innovations, not from considerations of equality and well-being for all. This is in stark contrast with the pandemic-time situation. Many governments, at least initially, listened to the recommendations of expert advisers, most notably public health authorities, who proceeded from considerations of equality and common good. I suggest that we should continue on this path when the immediate threat of the disease is over. Other crises are already ongoing-poverty, conflicts, climate change, financial bubbles, and so on-and it would be good to use expert knowledge rather than interests and ideologies in dealing with them. To assist in this, I outline the characteristics of a new kind of counsellor, impartial adviser, who is normatively motivated by a sense of copathy and who takes into account all views, nice and not-so-nice alike. I illustrate the nature and ideological orientation of copathic impartial advisers by placing them on a map of justice and examining their relationships with the main political moralities of our time.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Commerce ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180121000013
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  9. Article ; Online: Antinatalism-Solving everything everywhere all at once?

    Räsänen, Joona / Häyry, Matti

    Bioethics

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 9, Page(s) 829–830

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.13230
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  10. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Another Look at Solidarity.

    Häyry, Matti

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 256–262

    Abstract: Is there such a thing as corona solidarity? Does voluntary mutual aid solve the problems caused by COVID-19? I argue that the answer to the first question is "yes" and to the second "no." Not that the answer to the second question could not, in an ideal ... ...

    Abstract Is there such a thing as corona solidarity? Does voluntary mutual aid solve the problems caused by COVID-19? I argue that the answer to the first question is "yes" and to the second "no." Not that the answer to the second question could not, in an ideal world, be "yes," too. It is just that in this world of global capitalism and everybody looking out for themselves, the kind of communal warmth celebrated by the media either does not actually exist or is too weak to rule out the uglier manifestations of group togetherness, driven partly by the pandemic. I make my point by offering two approaches to understanding what solidarity is. According to the first, it is essentially partiality: "us" against "them." According to the second, it can be many things, including the impartial promotion of the good of others. I show that the second reading would make it possible for mutual aid to solve the problems caused by COVID-19 and other crises. This would happen at the expense of conceptual clarity, but that is a minor concern. The major concern is that the more natural manifestations of group togetherness are incited by negative feelings. This is par for the course within the narrower reading of solidarity, but it means that the potentially positive ideas of identity, care, communal values, and special relations are displayed in violent confrontation instead of a calm recognition of the threats that most of us face together.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Justice
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180120001115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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