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Article ; Online: JC polyomavirus: a short review of its biology, its association with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and the diagnostic value of different methods to manifest its activity or presence.

Prezioso, Carla / Pietropaolo, Valeria / Moens, Ugo / Ciotti, Marco

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 143–157

Abstract: Introduction: JC polyomavirus is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease resulting from the lytic infection of oligodendrocytes that may develop in immunosuppressed individuals: HIV1 infected or ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: JC polyomavirus is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease resulting from the lytic infection of oligodendrocytes that may develop in immunosuppressed individuals: HIV1 infected or individuals under immunosuppressive therapies. Understanding the biology of JCPyV is necessary for a proper patient management, the development of diagnostic tests, and risk stratification. Areas covered: The review covers different areas of expertise including the genomic characterization of JCPyV strains detected in different body compartments (urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid) of PML patients, viral mutations, molecular diagnostics, viral miRNAs, and disease. Expert opinion: The implementation of molecular biology techniques improved our understanding of JCPyV biology. Deep sequencing analysis of viral genomes revealed the presence of viral quasispecies in the cerebrospinal fluid of PML patients characterized by noncoding control region rearrangements and VP1 mutations. These neurotropic JCPyV variants present enhanced replication and an altered cell tropism that contribute to PML development. Monitoring these variants may be relevant for the identification of patients at risk of PML. Multiplex realtime PCR targeting both the
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biology ; JC Virus/genetics ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/etiology ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/genetics ; MicroRNAs ; Mutation
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2112530-2
ISSN	1744-8352 ; 1473-7159
ISSN (online)	1744-8352
ISSN	1473-7159
DOI	10.1080/14737159.2023.2179394
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Article ; Online: Use of a rapid point-of-care molecular test in the triage of suspected COVID-19 cases.

Ciotti, Marco / Nicolai, Eleonora / Marcuccilli, Fabbio / Bernardini, Sergio

Journal of medical virology

2021 Volume 93, Issue 7, Page(s) 4088–4089

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; Humans ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triage
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.26944
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Article ; Online: CNS autoimmune response in the MAM/pilocarpine rat model of epileptogenic cortical malformation.

Costanza, Massimo / Ciotti, Arianna / Consonni, Alessandra / Cipelletti, Barbara / Cattalini, Alessandro / Cagnoli, Cinzia / Baggi, Fulvio / de Curtis, Marco / Colciaghi, Francesca

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2024 Volume 121, Issue 17, Page(s) e2319607121

Abstract: The development of seizures in epilepsy syndromes associated with malformations of cortical development (MCDs) has traditionally been attributed to intrinsic cortical alterations resulting from abnormal network excitability. However, recent analyses at ... ...

Abstract	The development of seizures in epilepsy syndromes associated with malformations of cortical development (MCDs) has traditionally been attributed to intrinsic cortical alterations resulting from abnormal network excitability. However, recent analyses at single-cell resolution of human brain samples from MCD patients have indicated the possible involvement of adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of these disorders. By exploiting the MethylAzoxyMethanol (MAM)/pilocarpine (MP) rat model of drug-resistant epilepsy associated with MCD, we show here that the occurrence of status epilepticus and subsequent spontaneous recurrent seizures in the malformed, but not in the normal brain, are associated with the outbreak of a destructive autoimmune response with encephalitis-like features, involving components of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The MP brain is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction, marked and persisting CD8+ T cell invasion of the brain parenchyma, meningeal B cell accumulation, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by antineuronal antibodies. Furthermore, the therapeutic treatment of MP rats with the immunomodulatory drug fingolimod promotes both antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects. Collectively, these data show that the MP rat could serve as a translational model of epileptogenic cortical malformations associated with a central nervous system autoimmune response. This work indicates that a preexisting brain maldevelopment predisposes to a secondary autoimmune response, which acts as a precipitating factor for epilepsy and suggests immune intervention as a therapeutic option to be further explored in epileptic syndromes associated with MCDs.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Humans ; Animals ; Pilocarpine ; Autoimmunity ; Epilepsy/chemically induced ; Epilepsy/pathology ; Seizures/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate/analogs & derivatives
Chemical Substances	Pilocarpine (01MI4Q9DI3) ; methylazoxymethanol (JGG19N3YDQ) ; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate (592-62-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2319607121
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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 pandemic: viral variants and vaccine efficacy.

Ciotti, Marco / Ciccozzi, Massimo / Pieri, Massimo / Bernardini, Sergio

Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

2021 Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 66–75

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has prompted the scientific community and the pharmaceutical companies to put maximum efforts into developing vaccines to contain the spread of this disease. Presently, many ... ...

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has prompted the scientific community and the pharmaceutical companies to put maximum efforts into developing vaccines to contain the spread of this disease. Presently, many vaccines have been developed and authorized for use in human beings in different countries. In particular, in Europe to date, the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized. All of them are based on a version of the spike (S) glycoprotein characterized at the beginning of the pandemic. However, they differ by their level of efficacy against COVID-19. SARS-COV-2, like other RNA viruses, mutates continually. Genome sequencing analysis shows a nucleotide substitution rate of about 1 × 10
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccine Efficacy
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	280641-1
ISSN	1549-781X ; 1040-8363 ; 0590-8191
ISSN (online)	1549-781X
ISSN	1040-8363 ; 0590-8191
DOI	10.1080/10408363.2021.1979462
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Article ; Online: How Could POCT be a Useful Tool for Migrant and Refugee Health?

Bernardini, Sergio / Pieri, Massimo / Ciotti, Marco

EJIFCC

2021 Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 200–208

Abstract: Point of care testing (POCT) represents an important step forward in the clinical management of patients. POC assays are easy to use and do not require skilled personnel; therefore they are particularly useful in low resource settings where diagnostics ... ...

Abstract	Point of care testing (POCT) represents an important step forward in the clinical management of patients. POC assays are easy to use and do not require skilled personnel; therefore they are particularly useful in low resource settings where diagnostics laboratories equipped with complex instruments that require well trained technicians are not available. Samples can be processed immediately overcoming the problems related to the stability of the sample, storage and shipping to a centralized laboratory hospital based. Furthermore, results are delivered in real-time, usually less than 1 hr; thus, a clinical decision can be taken earlier. A prompt diagnosis is crucial in the case of contagious diseases allowing a rapid isolation of the infected patient and treatment; thus, reducing the risk of transmission of the pathogen. In this report, we address the use of POC assays in the diagnosis of infectious pathogens including hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus-type 1, human papillomavirus, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhea, trichomonas vaginalis, mycobacterium tuberculosis and the parasite plasmodium. These pathogens are commonly detected among vulnerable people such as refugees and migrants. The described POC assays are based on nuclei acid amplification technology (NAAT) that is generally characterized by a high sensitivity and specificity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-29
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1650-3414
ISSN (online)	1650-3414
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Article ; Online: Symbiotic electroneural and musculoskeletal framework to encode proprioception via neurostimulation: ProprioStim.

Cimolato, Andrea / Ciotti, Federico / Kljajić, Jelena / Valle, Giacomo / Raspopovic, Stanisa

iScience

2023 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 106248

Abstract: ... nerve histologies from two implanted amputees to develop ProprioStim: a framework to encode ...

Abstract	Peripheral nerve stimulation in amputees achieved the restoration of touch, but not proprioception, which is critical in locomotion. A plausible reason is the lack of means to artificially replicate the complex activity of proprioceptors. To uncover this, we coupled neuromuscular models from ten subjects and nerve histologies from two implanted amputees to develop ProprioStim: a framework to encode proprioception by electrical evoking neural activity in close agreement with natural proprioceptive activity. We demonstrated its feasibility through non-invasive stimulation on seven healthy subjects comparing it with standard linear charge encoding. Results showed that ProprioStim multichannel stimulation was felt more natural, and hold promises for increasing accuracy in knee angle tracking, especially in future implantable solutions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2023.106248
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Article ; Online: Bringing phylogeny and clinical microbiology together.

Ciotti, Marco / Angeletti, Silvia / Ciccozzi, Massimo

Future microbiology

2020 Volume 15, Page(s) 5–7

MeSH term(s)	Bacteria/classification ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Humans ; Microbiological Techniques ; Molecular Typing ; Phylogeny ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
Chemical Substances	beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	1746-0921
ISSN (online)	1746-0921
DOI	10.2217/fmb-2019-0264
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Article: CPX-351 and allogeneic stem cell transplant for a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia that developed after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.

Sperotto, Alessandra / Stanghellini, Maria Teresa Lupo / Peccatori, Jacopo / De Marchi, Roberta / Piemontese, Simona / Ciotti, Giulia / Basso, Marco / Pierdomenico, Elisabetta / Fiore, Paolo / Ciceri, Fabio / Gottardi, Michele

Frontiers in oncology

2024 Volume 13, Page(s) 1291457

Abstract: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs), which develop after cytotoxic, radiation, or immunosuppressive therapy for an unrelated disease, account for 7%-8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Worse outcomes and consequently shortened survival are ... ...

Abstract	Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs), which develop after cytotoxic, radiation, or immunosuppressive therapy for an unrelated disease, account for 7%-8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Worse outcomes and consequently shortened survival are associated with t-MNs as compared with
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2023.1291457
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Article: Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA and Transcripts in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC).

Passerini, Sara / Prezioso, Carla / Babini, Giulia / Ferlosio, Amedeo / Cosio, Terenzio / Campione, Elena / Moens, Ugo / Ciotti, Marco / Pietropaolo, Valeria

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the etiological agent of the majority of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): a rare skin tumor. To improve our understanding of the role of MCPyV in MCCs, the detection and analysis of MCPyV DNA and transcripts were performed ...

Abstract	Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the etiological agent of the majority of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): a rare skin tumor. To improve our understanding of the role of MCPyV in MCCs, the detection and analysis of MCPyV DNA and transcripts were performed on primary tumors and regional lymph nodes from two MCC patients: one metastatic and one non-metastatic. MCPyV-DNA was searched by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by the amplification of a Large T Antigen (LTAg), Viral Protein 1 (VP1) and Non-Coding Control Region (NCCR). LTAg and VP1 transcripts were investigated by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Viral integration was also studied, and full-length LTAg sequencing was performed. qPCR revealed that the primary tumor of both patients and the lymph node of one patient was positive for the small t-antigen, with an average value of 7.0 × 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens12070894
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Article ; Online: Performance of a rapid antigen test in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Ciotti, Marco / Maurici, Massimo / Pieri, Massimo / Andreoni, Massimo / Bernardini, Sergio

Journal of medical virology

2021 Volume 93, Issue 5, Page(s) 2988–2991

Abstract: Diagnostics is crucial for a prompt identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients, their isolation and treatment. Real-time PCR is the reference method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, ...

Abstract	Diagnostics is crucial for a prompt identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients, their isolation and treatment. Real-time PCR is the reference method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the unprecedented increase in the number of infections worldwide calls for faster and easy methods that do not require skilled personnel and special equipment. Rapid antigen tests have been developed and used as first line screening. Here, we assessed the performance of a rapid antigen test in comparison to a real-time qualitative PCR as gold standard. Fifty nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been tested by Coris coronavirus disease 2019 Ag Respi-Strip test and Allplex 2019n-CoV assay. Of the 50 nasopharyngeal swabs tested, 11 were negative by both tests, 27 were negative by Ag test but positive by real-time PCR, and 12 were positive by both methods. PCR detected the 39 positive samples at a median cycle threshold (Ct) value of 22.78 (mean: 24.51; range: 13.59-39.6). In the 12 concordant samples, the median Ct value was 17.37. The sensitivity of the Ag test was 30.77% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.02%-47.57%), specificity 100% (95% CI: 71.51%-100.00%), positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 85.25% (95% CI: 82.42%-87.69%), and accuracy 86.15% (95% CI: 73.45%-94.28%). The level of agreement between the two tests was poor, k = 0.164. The Ag test performs well in the presence of high viral loads, whereas lower levels are missed. Considering the poor sensitivity of the method, real-time PCR remains the gold standard as front line screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Antigens, Viral/analysis ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; COVID-19 Testing/standards ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Viral ; RNA, Viral ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.26830
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