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Article ; Online: Development and Validation of Micro-Azocasein Assay for Quantifying Bromelain.

Pillai, Krishna / Akhter, Javed / Mekkawy, Ahmed H / Valle, Sarah J / Morris, David L

Methods and protocols

2024 Volume 7, Issue 2

Abstract: The proteolytic activity of enzymes may be evaluated by a colorimetric method with azocasein. Hence, we developed a micro-assay to quantify bromelain using azocasein. A total of 250 µL of 1.0% azocasein in ... ...

Abstract	The proteolytic activity of enzymes may be evaluated by a colorimetric method with azocasein. Hence, we developed a micro-assay to quantify bromelain using azocasein. A total of 250 µL of 1.0% azocasein in dH
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2409-9279
ISSN (online)	2409-9279
DOI	10.3390/mps7020025
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Article ; Online: Effect of Nebulized BromAc on Rheology of Artificial Sputum: Relevance to Muco-Obstructive Respiratory Diseases.

Pillai, Krishna / Mekkawy, Ahmed H / Akhter, Javed / Morris, David L

Advances in respiratory medicine

2023 Volume 91, Issue 2, Page(s) 146–163

Abstract: Respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and COVID-19 are difficult to treat owing to viscous secretions in the airways that evade mucocilliary clearance. Earlier studies have shown success with BromAc as a mucolytic agent. Hence, we tested ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and COVID-19 are difficult to treat owing to viscous secretions in the airways that evade mucocilliary clearance. Earlier studies have shown success with BromAc as a mucolytic agent. Hence, we tested the formulation on two gelatinous airway representative sputa models, to determine whether similar efficacy exist. Sputum lodged in an endotracheal tube was treated to aerosol N-acetylcysteine, bromelain, or their combination (BromAc). After measuring the particle size of aerosolized BromAc, the apparent viscosity was measured using a capillary tube method, whilst the sputum flow was assessed using a 0.5 mL pipette. Further, the concentration of the agents in the sputa after treatment were quantified using chromogenic assays. The interaction index of the different formulations was also determined. Results indicated that the mean particle size of BromAc was suitable for aerosol delivery. Bromelain and N-acetylcysteine affected both the viscosities and pipette flow in the two sputa models. BromAc showed a greater rheological effect on both the sputa models compared to individual agents. Further, a correlation was found between the rheological effects and the concentration of agents in the sputa. The combination index using viscosity measurements showed synergy only with 250 µg/mL bromelain + 20 mg/mL NAC whilst flow speed showed synergy for both combinations of bromelain (125 and 250 µg/mL) with 20 mg/mL NAC. Hence, this study indicates that BromAc may be used as a successful mucolytic for clearing airway congestion caused by thick mucinous immobile secretions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use ; Acetylcysteine/pharmacology ; Sputum ; Bromelains/therapeutic use ; Bromelains/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; Expectorants/therapeutic use ; Expectorants/pharmacology ; Respiration Disorders ; Rheology
Chemical Substances	Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC) ; Bromelains (9001-00-7) ; Expectorants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2893877-X
ISSN	2543-6031 ; 2451-4934
ISSN (online)	2543-6031
ISSN	2451-4934
DOI	10.3390/arm91020013
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Article ; Online: Chitinase of Trichoderma longibrachiatum for control of Aphis gossypii in cotton plants.

Anwar, Waheed / Amin, Huma / Khan, Hafiz Azhar Ali / Akhter, Adnan / Bashir, Uzma / Anjum, Tehmina / Kalsoom, Rabia / Javed, Muhammad Asim / Zohaib, Karamat Ali

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 13181

Abstract: Chitinase-producing fungi have now engrossed attention as one of the potential agents for the control of insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi are used in different regions of the world to control economically important insects. However, the role of ... ...

Abstract	Chitinase-producing fungi have now engrossed attention as one of the potential agents for the control of insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi are used in different regions of the world to control economically important insects. However, the role of fungal chitinases are not well studied in their infection mechanism to insects. In this study, Chitinase of entomopathogenic fungi Trichoderma longibrachiatum was evaluated to control Aphis gossypii. For this purpose, fungal chitinase (Chit1) gene from the genomic DNA of T. longibrachiatum were isolated, amplified and characterised. Genomic analysis of the amplified Chit1 showed that this gene has homology to family 18 of glycosyl hydrolyses. Further, Chit1 was expressed in the cotton plant for transient expression through the Geminivirus-mediated gene silencing vector derived from Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus (CLCrV). Transformed cotton plants showed greater chitinase activity than control, and they were resistant against nymphs and adults of A. gossypii. About 38.75% and 21.67% mortality of both nymphs and adults, respectively, were observed by using Chit1 of T. longibrachiatum. It is concluded that T. longibrachiatum showed promising results in controlling aphids by producing fungal chitinase in cotton plants and could be used as an effective method in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gossypium/genetics ; Gossypium/metabolism ; Aphids/genetics ; Chitinases/genetics ; Chitinases/metabolism ; Insecta/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-39965-y
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Article ; Online: Duplicated internal auditory canal with dysplastic ossicles and microtia: role of high-resolution CT and MRI.

Singh, Priya / Israrahmed, Amrin / Akhter, Javed / Lal, Hira

BMJ case reports

2021 Volume 14, Issue 5

MeSH term(s)	Congenital Microtia/diagnostic imaging ; Ear Canal/diagnostic imaging ; Ear, Inner/diagnostic imaging ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2021-243825
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Article: Intraperitoneal BromAc

Mekkawy, Ahmed H / Breakeit, Mohammad / Pillai, Krishna / Badar, Samina / Akhter, Javed / Valle, Sarah J / Morris, David L

Cancers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 13

Abstract: A combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine, ... ...

Abstract	A combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine, BromAc
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers15133321
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Article: Enhancement of treatment efficacy of hepatic tumours using Trans-arterial-chemoembolization.

Pillai, Krishna / Ke, Kevin / Mekkawy, Ahmed / Akhter, Javed / Morris, David L

American journal of cancer research

2023 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 1623–1639

Abstract: This review article examines the basic principle underlying trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) used for treating unrespectable liver cancer with discussion on the barriers that are present for efficient drug delivery with suggestions on methods that ...

Abstract	This review article examines the basic principle underlying trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) used for treating unrespectable liver cancer with discussion on the barriers that are present for efficient drug delivery with suggestions on methods that may be used to overcome these barriers and hence enhance the efficacy of the technique. Current drugs used with TACE along with inhibitors of neovascularisation are briefly discussed. It also compares the conventional method of chemoembolization with TACE and rationalizes why there is not much of a difference between the two methods on treatment efficacy. Further it also suggests alternative methods of drug delivery that may be used instead of TACE. Additionally, it discusses the disadvantages on using non degradable microspheres with recommendations for degradable microspheres within 24 hours to overcome rebound neovascularisation owing to hypoxia. Finally, the review examines some of the biomarkers that are used to assess treatment efficacy with indication that non-invasive and sensitive biomarkers should be identified for routine screening and early detection. The review concludes that, if the current barriers present in TACE can be overcome along with the use of degradable microspheres and efficient biomarkers for monitoring efficacy, then a more robust treatment would emerge that may even serve as a cure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2589522-9
ISSN	2156-6976
ISSN	2156-6976
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Article ; Online: Impact of meteorological parameters on soil radon at Kolkata, India: investigation using machine learning techniques.

Naskar, Arindam Kumar / Akhter, Javed / Gazi, Mahasin / Mondal, Mitali / Deb, Argha

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 48, Page(s) 105374–105386

Abstract: The daily soil radon activity has been measured continuously over a year with BARASOL BMC2 probe at a measuring site of Jadavpur University Campus in Kolkata, India. The dependency of soil radon activity with different atmospheric parameters such as soil ...

Abstract	The daily soil radon activity has been measured continuously over a year with BARASOL BMC2 probe at a measuring site of Jadavpur University Campus in Kolkata, India. The dependency of soil radon activity with different atmospheric parameters such as soil temperature, soil pressure, humidity, air temperature, and rainfall has been also analyzed. The whole study period is divided in four seasons as proposed by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). Minimum soil radon level has been observed during the winter season (December-February). On the other hand, higher soil radon level has been observed both for summer and monsoon. Except soil pressure, all other variables have shown positive correlation with soil radon activity. Among five variables, soil temperature has been the most significant variable in terms of correlation with soil radon level whereas maximum humidity has been the least significant correlated variable. It has been observed that considerable reduction of soil radon level occurred after four heavy rainfall events during the study period. The combined effect of these multi-parameters on soil radon gas has been evaluated using machine learning methods like principal component regression (PCR), support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). In terms of performances, RF and GBM have performed much better than SVR and PCR. More robust and consistent results have been obtained for GBM during both training and testing periods.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Radon/analysis ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis ; Air Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis ; Seasons ; India ; Radiation Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Radon (Q74S4N8N1G) ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive ; Air Pollutants, Radioactive
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-29769-y
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Article: A Split-Mouth Clinical Comparative Evaluation of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Articaine and Lignocaine for Maxillary Bicuspids Extraction.

Jaiswal, Pooja / Goyal, Rohit / Dubey, Chanda / Akhter, Javed / Ramalingam, Karthikeyan / Kalita, Sangita

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) e40167

Abstract: Aim The study compared the anesthetic effectiveness of articaine and lignocaine when premolars are extracted bilaterally for orthodontic purposes. Material and methods This prospective split-mouth study was performed on 30 cases selected from orthodontic ...

Abstract	Aim The study compared the anesthetic effectiveness of articaine and lignocaine when premolars are extracted bilaterally for orthodontic purposes. Material and methods This prospective split-mouth study was performed on 30 cases selected from orthodontic referral patients reporting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Center, Rajasthan, India, for bilateral extraction of premolars under local anesthesia. We used 4% articaine hydrochloride and adrenaline 1:100000 (AH) as group A and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline 1:100000 (LH) on the control side as group B. For premolar anesthetization, 0.6-1.6 ml of AH and 1-2 ml of LH were injected submucosally in the buccal vestibular area. The extraction procedure was then carried out after achieving adequate anesthesia. The pain was assessed with Visual Analog Scale. The average onset time and duration of anesthesia were recorded. Data collected were summarized with descriptive statistics. The SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) was used for data entry, validation, and analysis. Means of continuous variables were compared using the student t-test. All tests were 2-tailed and significant at equal or less than 0.05. (p≤0.05). Results When comparing the overall anesthetic efficiency, Group A had a lower overall pain score of 0.43 while Group B had a higher overall pain score of 2.9. The average onset time of anesthesia in Group A was 1.2 minutes and 2.55 minutes in Group B. In Group A, the average duration of anesthesia was 70 minutes, and 46.5 minutes in Group B. These parameters were statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05. Conclusion The study concluded that as an alternative to lignocaine, articaine could be used effectively for maxillary premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons obviating palatal injection which is very painful to the patient.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.40167
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Article: A Comparison Between the Effectiveness of Isoamyl 2-Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive and Silk Sutures in Wound Closure Following Minor Oral Surgical Procedures: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Akhter, Javed / Kalita, Sangita / Goyal, Rohit / Jaiswal, Pooja / Ramalingam, Karthikeyan / Yadav, Divya

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e41973

Abstract: Background In order to maintain the surgery site's shape, functionality, and aesthetics, closure of the wound is essential for intra-oral and general surgical procedures. Wound closure speeds up healing by reducing the buildup of inflammatory cells. For ... ...

Abstract	Background In order to maintain the surgery site's shape, functionality, and aesthetics, closure of the wound is essential for intra-oral and general surgical procedures. Wound closure speeds up healing by reducing the buildup of inflammatory cells. For a wound to heal well, the incision must be precise, the tissue must be handled delicately, the wound must be precisely repositioned, and the closure material must have optimum functional properties and be sterile. Aim This study aims to conduct a clinical comparison of the effectiveness of silk suture versus isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IAC) for intra-oral mucosal incisions. Methodology Fifty patients who needed a minor oral surgical operation under local anesthesia from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were recruited for this prospective clinical trial. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained for this study. Two groups were created from the sample of 50 patients in this investigation. An intra-oral mucosal incision was closed in one group using a 3-0 silk suture and in the second using two drops of IAC. An accurate approximation of the incised edges was used to avoid leaving any gaps between them. Parameters such as the time taken for closure, pain, bleeding, swelling, mouth opening, wound dehiscence, wound infection, and local ulceration were evaluated in this study. A visual analog scale (0-10) was used to assess the pain score. Facial swelling was evaluated by the tape method given by Gabka and Matsumura. The measurement was done from tragus to pogonion, tragus to oral commissure, and outer canthus to gonion. The sum of these measurements was calculated. By measuring the distance between the incisal edges of the upper and lower central incisors, the trismus was evaluated using a graduated metal scale. Assessment of bleeding (0-4) was done by asking the patient. Assessment of wound dehiscence and local ulceration was done based on visual inspection and palpation on the first, second, and seventh days postoperatively. All the recorded parameters were tabulated. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables between the study groups. The independent t-test was used to compare the means between the study groups. The statistical significance was kept at a p-value less than 0.05. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between suture and IAC in terms of incidence of pain and wound dehiscence. But the time taken for wound closure was less with IAC, and the pain score on the seventh day was higher with IAC and statistically significant. Conclusion We observed that IAC was as effective as the gold standard silk suture. The advantages of IAC are its hemostatic and bacteriostatic qualities, and IAC also took less time to complete the procedure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.41973
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Article ; Online: Ferrocene-Based Terpolyamides and Their PDMS-Containing Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Physical Properties.

Mushtaq, Irrum / Jabeen, Erum / Akhter, Zareen / Javed, Fatima / Hassan, Azfar / Khan, Muhammad Saif Ullah / Ullah, Faheem / Shah, Faiz Ullah

Polymers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 23

Abstract: Aromatic polyamides are well-known as high-performance materials due to their outstanding properties making them useful in a wide range of applications. However, their limited solubility in common organic solvents restricts their processability and ... ...

Abstract	Aromatic polyamides are well-known as high-performance materials due to their outstanding properties making them useful in a wide range of applications. However, their limited solubility in common organic solvents restricts their processability and becomes a hurdle in their applicability. This study is focused on the synthesis of processable ferrocene-based terpolyamides and their polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-containing block copolymers, using low-temperature solution polycondensation methodology. All the synthesized materials were structurally characterized using FTIR and
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym14235087
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