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Article ; Online: To understand mRNA vaccine hesitancy, stop calling the public anti-science.

Peretti-Watel, Patrick / Verger, Pierre / Ward, Jeremy K

2024 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 923–924

MeSH term(s)	Vaccination Hesitancy ; Vaccination
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1220066-9
ISSN	1546-170X ; 1078-8956
ISSN (online)	1546-170X
ISSN	1078-8956
DOI	10.1038/s41591-024-02816-y
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Article: The Influence of Social Media and Institutional Trust on Vaccine Hesitancy in France: Examining Direct and Mediating Processes.

McKinley, Christopher J / Olivier, Elea / Ward, Jeremy K

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: Vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains an ongoing challenge in French society. This project explored how institutional trust and preference for information via social media (PISM) drive hesitancy. Across a large, nationally represented population, our findings ... ...

Abstract	Vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains an ongoing challenge in French society. This project explored how institutional trust and preference for information via social media (PISM) drive hesitancy. Across a large, nationally represented population, our findings show that PISM and trust are strongly correlated measures, with both independently predicting VH. Subsequent mediation tests show that social media operates as primarily an indirect contributor to VH through trust. Additional tests involving VH and non-VH typologies revealed that institutional trust consistently predicts greater general support for vaccines and reduced distrust in vaccination. Conversely, PISM directly drives vaccine distrust, with its impact on non-hesitancy fully mediated by institutional trust. Overall, these findings point to the relevance for researchers and public health deciders to address the nature by which people utilize social media information resources and how that interacts with levels of trust for national institutions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11081319
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Article ; Online: What does the French public consider to be a conflict of interest for medical researchers?

Schultz, Émilien / Mancini, Julien / Ward, Jeremy K

Social science & medicine (1982)

2023 Volume 327, Page(s) 115851

Abstract: Conflicts of interests have been at the core of public debate over health and medicine for decades. Social scientists have analysed the diversity of definitions of this label as well as the policies put in place to regulate the relationships between ... ...

Abstract	Conflicts of interests have been at the core of public debate over health and medicine for decades. Social scientists have analysed the diversity of definitions of this label as well as the policies put in place to regulate the relationships between medical researchers and various actors such as private corporations. But little attention has been paid to the way the public define and use this label. In this article, we assess what the French public consider to be a conflict of interest for medical researchers. We draw on the data from a questionnaire-based survey conducted with a representative sample of the French population in December 2021 (n = 2022) where we asked respondents to decide whether different situations constituted a conflict of interest or not. These situations concerned medical researchers' relationships with economic actors but also with politicians and the media, with or without financial compensation for the researcher. We identified three main group profiles in terms of respondents' conception of what counts as a conflict of interest: i) considering that only money matters in the labelling of a given situation as a conflict of interest, ii) considering that any relationship with economic, media and political actors constitutes a conflict of interest (i.e., that medical research should be an ivory tower), and iii) indecision as to what constitutes a conflict of interest. These three groups differed in terms of social composition as well as respondents' relationships to science, politics, and the health care system.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Conflict of Interest ; Biomedical Research ; Delivery of Health Care ; Politics ; Health Personnel
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115851
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Article ; Online: Rethinking the antivaccine movement concept: A case study of public criticism of the swine flu vaccine's safety in France.

Ward, Jeremy K

Social science & medicine (1982)

2016 Volume 159, Page(s) 48–57

Abstract: In this article I discuss the definition of "the Antivaccine Movement" using the case of the French controversy over the safety of the 2009 pandemic flu vaccine. I show that the group of main actors who criticized the vaccine's safety is heterogeneous. ... ...

Abstract	In this article I discuss the definition of "the Antivaccine Movement" using the case of the French controversy over the safety of the 2009 pandemic flu vaccine. I show that the group of main actors who criticized the vaccine's safety is heterogeneous. This heterogeneity can be found in the type of arguments mobilized to question the vaccine's safety and in these actors' likelihood of being involved in any vaccine-related controversies. I show that only a minority of these actors rejected vaccination in general and mobilized against all vaccination campaigns. Most of these actors only occasionally mobilized against a given vaccine or vaccination campaign and they did so to promote a political or cultural agenda that went beyond the vaccine itself. Using these results, I argue that in order to better understand how vaccine-related controversies emerge and why some activists devote time and resources to spread vaccine-critical arguments, social scientists should use three distinct concepts to refer to vaccine criticism: The Antivaccine Movement, the Marginally Antivaccine Movements and the Occasionally Vaccine Critical Movements. To do so would enable social scientists and public health experts to better understand the different ways in which vaccination can become politicized and the evolution of this politicization.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.05.003
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Article ; Online: Vaccine hesitancy about the HPV vaccine among French young women and their parents: a telephone survey.

Gauna, Fatima / Verger, Pierre / Fressard, Lisa / Jardin, Marie / Ward, Jeremy K / Peretti-Watel, Patrick

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 628

Abstract: Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine reduces the burden of cervical and other cancers. In numerous countries, a slow uptakeof this vaccine persists, calling for a better understanding of the structural factors leading to vaccine ... ...

Abstract	Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine reduces the burden of cervical and other cancers. In numerous countries, a slow uptakeof this vaccine persists, calling for a better understanding of the structural factors leading to vaccine acceptation. We aimed to assess the attitudes toward HPV vaccination among its intended public to explore its specific characteristics. Methods: A random cross-sectional telephone survey of the French general population provided data from a sample of 2426 respondents of the target public: the parents of young women and the young women aged 15-25 themselves. We applied cluster analysis to identify contrasting attitudinal profiles, and logistic regressions with a model averaging method to investigate and rank the factors associated with these profiles. Results: A third of the respondents had never heard of HPV. However, most of the respondents who had heard of it agreed that it is a severe (93.8%) and frequent (65.1%) infection. Overall, 72.3% of them considered the HPV vaccine to be effective, but 54% had concerns about its side effects. We identified four contrasting profiles based on their perceptions of this vaccine: informed supporters, objectors, uninformed supporters, and those who were uncertain. In multivariate analysis, these attitudinal clusters were the strongest predictors of HPV vaccine uptake, followed by attitudes toward vaccination in general. Conclusions: Tailored information campaigns and programs should address the specific and contrasted concerns about HPV vaccination of both young women and of their parents.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Vaccination ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Papillomavirus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-15334-2
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Article ; Online: Exploring the feelings of being at risk of vaccine related adverse effects: A cross-sectional survey in France.

Khouri, Charles / Larabi, Ayoub / Verger, Pierre / Gauna, Fatima / Cracowski, Jean-Luc / Ward, Jeremy K

Journal of psychosomatic research

2023 Volume 172, Page(s) 111433

Abstract: Objectives: The literature on vaccine hesitancy has widely commented on the various factors leading some to feel particularly at risk of disease infection while others do not. But little attention has been paid to whether we also see such differences ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The literature on vaccine hesitancy has widely commented on the various factors leading some to feel particularly at risk of disease infection while others do not. But little attention has been paid to whether we also see such differences regarding people's assessment of their personal vulnerability towards vaccine adverse events (AEs). Methods: We designed two cross-sectional online surveys among representative samples of the French mainland population (n = 2015 and 3087). We asked participants if they felt, more than others, at risk of severe vaccine related side effects and to explain why. We performed two separate mixed effect binomial regressions models: 1) to explore the link between the feeling of being particularly at risk of severe vaccine related AEs and socio-demographic characteristics, source of information, trust in health agencies and partisan orientation; 2) to explore the link between the fear of side effects and vaccine hesitancy. Results: We found that 15% of respondents felt to be, more than others, at risk of severe vaccine-related adverse events and that this feeling was associated to negative attitudes to vaccines. This feeling was particularly prevalent among women, those with a lower income, lower educational attainment and lower trust in public health institutions. The vast majority of the reasons given by responders are unrelated to genuine risk factors of vaccine related adverse events. Conclusions: These findings suggest that vaccine hesitancy is at least partly grounded in a feeling of vulnerability towards vaccine adverse events.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emotions ; Fear ; France ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Vaccines/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80166-5
ISSN	1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
ISSN (online)	1879-1360
ISSN	0022-3999
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111433
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Article ; Online: Diversity of attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and vaccines: A representative cross-sectional study in France.

Ward, Jeremy K / Gauna, Fatima / Deml, Michael J / MacKendrick, Norah / Peretti-Watel, Patrick

Social science & medicine (1982)

2023 Volume 328, Page(s) 115952

Abstract: How much does endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) correlate with negative attitudes towards vaccines? One of the difficulties of analysing the relationship between attitudes to CAM and attitudes towards vaccines rests in the ... ...

Abstract	How much does endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) correlate with negative attitudes towards vaccines? One of the difficulties of analysing the relationship between attitudes to CAM and attitudes towards vaccines rests in the complexity of both. Which form of CAM endorsement is associated with what type of reticence towards vaccines? While the literature on the relationship between CAM and attitudes towards vaccines is growing, this question has not yet been explored. In this study we present the results of a survey conducted in July 2021 among a representative sample of the French mainland adult population (n = 3087). Using cluster analysis, we identified five profiles of CAM attitudes and found that even among the most pro-CAM group, very few respondents disagreed with the idea that CAM should only be used as a complement to conventional medicine. We then compared these CAM attitudes to vaccine attitudes. Attitudes to CAM had a distinct impact as well as a combined effect on attitudes to different vaccines and vaccines in general. However, we also found a) that attitudes to CAM provide a very limited explanation of vaccine hesitancy and b) that, among the hesitant, pro-CAM attitudes are often combined with other traits associated with vaccine hesitancy such as distrust of health agencies, radical political preferences and low income. Indeed, we found that both CAM endorsement and vaccine hesitancy are more prevalent among the socially disadvantaged. Drawing on these results, we argue that, to better understand the relationship between CAM and vaccine hesitancy, it is necessary to look at how both can reflect lack of access and recourse to mainstream medicine and distrust of public institutions.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Vaccination ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Complementary Therapies ; France
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115952
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: From contact tracing to COVID-19 pass holder; the tortured journey of the French TousAntiCovid contact tracing app.

Schultz, Émilien / Touzani, Rajae / Mancini, Julien / Ward, Jeremy K

Public health

2022 Volume 206, Page(s) 5–7

Abstract: Objectives: Our study aimed to provide an updated overview of the use of the French contact tracing application, TousAntiCovid, and identify evolutions since the beginning of the pandemic.: Study design: We conducted a survey study on a ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Our study aimed to provide an updated overview of the use of the French contact tracing application, TousAntiCovid, and identify evolutions since the beginning of the pandemic. Study design: We conducted a survey study on a representative sample of the French adult population. Methods: Our data were collected by the Obervatoire Régional de la Santé (ORS) using a self-administered online questionnaire. This was completed by a sample of 2,022 people stratified to match French official census statistics for gender, age, occupation, and area of housing. We conducted statistical analysis using Python (Pandas - Scipy - Statsmodels) with chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to control for statistical significance. Results: A small majority of respondents used TousAntiCovid (55.5%), while 41.0% had never downloaded it. Only one-quarter of the respondents (23.3%) used it for contact tracing with Bluetooth, while a third (32.2%) used it only for storing their health pass. The app's use increased with education level, income, and younger age. A large majority (85%) of non-vaccinated respondents had never downloaded TousAntiCovid. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the role and use of France's official COVID-19 app TousAntiCovid has evolved in line with the government's strategy; while initially focusing on contact tracing, its development has led to the possibility to store test and vaccination documentation. The survey also confirmed previous results pointing to the lasting differences in socio-economic status in terms of adoption of the app. This is problematic because the long-term nature of the pandemic could require the government to keep a range of strategies open, including contact tracing. Public discussion of the current and future roles of the French contact tracing app is therefore needed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Humans ; Mobile Applications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	427333-3
ISSN	1476-5616 ; 0033-3506
ISSN (online)	1476-5616
ISSN	0033-3506
DOI	10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.009
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Article ; Online: Assessing the influence of French vaccine critics during the two first years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Faccin, Mauro / Gargiulo, Floriana / Atlani-Duault, Laëtitia / Ward, Jeremy K

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0271157

Abstract: When the threat of COVID-19 became widely acknowledged, many hoped that this pandemic would squash "the anti-vaccine movement". However, when vaccines started arriving in rich countries at the end of 2020, it appeared that vaccine hesitancy might be an ... ...

Abstract	When the threat of COVID-19 became widely acknowledged, many hoped that this pandemic would squash "the anti-vaccine movement". However, when vaccines started arriving in rich countries at the end of 2020, it appeared that vaccine hesitancy might be an issue even in the context of this major pandemic. Does it mean that the mobilization of vaccine-critical activists on social media is one of the main causes of this reticence to vaccinate against COVID-19? In this paper, we wish to contribute to current work on vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic by looking at one of the many mechanisms which can cause reticence towards vaccines: the capacity of vaccine-critical activists to influence a wider public on social media. We analyze the evolution of debates over the COVID-19 vaccine on the French Twittosphere, during two first years of the pandemic, with a particular attention to the spreading capacity of vaccine-critical websites. We address two main questions: 1) Did vaccine-critical contents gain ground during this period? 2) Who were the main actors in the diffusion of these contents? While debates over vaccines experienced a tremendous surge during this period, the share of vaccine-critical contents in these debates remains stable except for a limited number of short periods associated with specific events. Secondly, analyzing the community structure of the re-tweets hyper-graph, we reconstruct the mesoscale structure of the information flows, identifying and characterizing the major communities of users. We analyze their role in the information ecosystem: the largest right-wing community has a typical echo-chamber behavior collecting all the vaccine-critical tweets from outside and recirculating it inside the community. The smaller left-wing community is less permeable to vaccine-critical contents but, has a large capacity to spread it once adopted.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Social Media ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0271157
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Article ; Online: Vaccine hesitancy about the HPV vaccine among French young women and their parents

Fatima Gauna / Pierre Verger / Lisa Fressard / Marie Jardin / Jeremy K. Ward / Patrick Peretti-Watel

BMC Public Health, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a telephone survey

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine reduces the burden of cervical and other cancers. In numerous countries, a slow uptakeof this vaccine persists, calling for a better understanding of the structural factors leading to vaccine acceptation. ...

Abstract	Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine reduces the burden of cervical and other cancers. In numerous countries, a slow uptakeof this vaccine persists, calling for a better understanding of the structural factors leading to vaccine acceptation. We aimed to assess the attitudes toward HPV vaccination among its intended public to explore its specific characteristics. Methods A random cross-sectional telephone survey of the French general population provided data from a sample of 2426 respondents of the target public: the parents of young women and the young women aged 15-25 themselves. We applied cluster analysis to identify contrasting attitudinal profiles, and logistic regressions with a model averaging method to investigate and rank the factors associated with these profiles. Results A third of the respondents had never heard of HPV. However, most of the respondents who had heard of it agreed that it is a severe (93.8%) and frequent (65.1%) infection. Overall, 72.3% of them considered the HPV vaccine to be effective, but 54% had concerns about its side effects. We identified four contrasting profiles based on their perceptions of this vaccine: informed supporters, objectors, uninformed supporters, and those who were uncertain. In multivariate analysis, these attitudinal clusters were the strongest predictors of HPV vaccine uptake, followed by attitudes toward vaccination in general. Conclusions Tailored information campaigns and programs should address the specific and contrasted concerns about HPV vaccination of both young women and of their parents.
Keywords	HPV vaccination ; Attitude to health ; Vaccine hesitancy ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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