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Article ; Online: Physical Activity in the COVID-19 Era and Its Impact on Adolescents' Well-Being.

Bozzola, Elena / Barni, Sarah / Ficari, Andrea / Villani, Alberto

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 4

Abstract: Physical inactivity and sedentary habits are among the major risk factors for decreased physical and mental well-being. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, normal daily routines changed, including physical activity (PA) habits. The aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Physical inactivity and sedentary habits are among the major risk factors for decreased physical and mental well-being. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, normal daily routines changed, including physical activity (PA) habits. The aim of this manuscript is to review the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines in order to analyze the changes in PA and exercise practice after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the well-being of adolescents. A PubMed search was performed using the keywords "Exercise" [Mesh]) AND "COVID-19" [Mesh], and filters to limit the research to pertain to adolescents (13-18 years) and English reports. Out of the search, 15 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The main findings outlined a global decrease in PA levels associated with decreased well-being levels, modified eating habits and leisure time activity, and increased obesity, anxiety, and depression among adolescents. PA is a significant health determinant and should be improved through the awareness of the benefits of regular PA and of the risks of sedentary behavior, as well as through support from family, friends, and teachers. Providing PA at school, as a part of the academic program, increasing the availability of equipment and facilities, and promoting at-home PA options are suggested as support for increasing PA in all countries and settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Exercise ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Leisure Activities
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20043275
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Article: Emotional and behavioral features associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.

Fucà, Elisa / Costanzo, Floriana / Galassi, Paolo / Celestini, Laura / Villani, Alberto / Valentini, Diletta / Vicari, Stefano

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1294908

Abstract: Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is particularly frequent in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Despite the amount of evidence suggesting SH is associated with psychopathological symptoms and sleep problems in general population, poor is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is particularly frequent in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Despite the amount of evidence suggesting SH is associated with psychopathological symptoms and sleep problems in general population, poor is known about the emotional and behavioral features associated with SH in children with DS. Objective: The first aim of the current study was to investigate differences in emotional and behavioral profiles between a group of children with DS exhibiting co-occurring SH and a group of age and BMI-matched children with DS without co-occurring SH. The second aim of the present study was to investigate differences in sleep disturbances between these groups. Methods: We included in this retrospective study 98 participants with DS aged 3-18 years with the aim to explore differences in emotional/behavioral problems as well as in sleep difficulties between children with DS with or without co-occurring SH. Results: Participants with co-occurring SH exhibited significantly higher scores at several scales of the Conners' Parent Rating Scales Long Version - Revised. However, they did not exhibit more sleep problems than control group. Conclusion: These results provide specific indications for psychological and neuropsychiatric evaluation of children with DS with suspected or diagnosed SH, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in clinical care for children and adolescents with DS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294908
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Article ; Online: Bronchiolitis guidelines: what about the Italian situation in a primary care setting?

Porcaro, Federica / Cutrera, Renato / Vittucci, Anna Chiara / Villani, Alberto

Italian journal of pediatrics

2023 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 123

Abstract: Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in children under 12 months of age. The variable clinical presentation and the potential for sudden deterioration of the clinical conditions require a close monitoring by healthcare ... ...

Abstract	Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in children under 12 months of age. The variable clinical presentation and the potential for sudden deterioration of the clinical conditions require a close monitoring by healthcare professionals.In Italy, first access care for children is provided by primary care physicians (PCPs) who often must face to a heterogeneous disease presentation that, in some cases, make the management of patient with bronchiolitis challenging. Consequently, Italian studies report poor adherence to national and international guidelines processed to guide the clinicians in decision making in acute viral bronchiolitis.This paper aims to identify the potential factors contributing to the lack of adherence to the suggested guidelines derived by clear and evidence-based recommendations among primary care physicians operating in an outpatient setting, with a specific focus on the context of Italy. Particularly, we focus on the prescription of medications such as β2-agonists, systemic steroids, and antibiotics which are commonly prescribed by PCPs to address conditions that can mimic bronchiolitis.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Bronchiolitis, Viral ; Bronchiolitis/diagnosis ; Bronchiolitis/therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Italy ; Primary Health Care
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2088556-8
ISSN	1824-7288 ; 1720-8424
ISSN (online)	1824-7288
ISSN	1720-8424
DOI	10.1186/s13052-023-01527-3
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Article ; Online: Deep learning in endoscopy: the importance of standardisation.

Paderno, Alberto / Villani, Francesca Pia / Sordi, Alessandra / Montenegro, Claudia / Moccia, Sara

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale

2023 Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 430–432

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Algorithms ; Deep Learning ; Endoscopy/standards ; Larynx
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-10
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	604898-5
ISSN	1827-675X ; 0392-100X
ISSN (online)	1827-675X
ISSN	0392-100X
DOI	10.14639/0392-100X-N2580
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Article ; Online: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pediatric Hospitalization in the COVID-19 Era.

Bozzola, Elena / Barni, Sarah / Villani, Alberto

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 23

Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) globally affects the population, mainly young children, potentially causing hospitalization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological measures interfered with the circulation of most respiratory viruses. Then, ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) globally affects the population, mainly young children, potentially causing hospitalization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological measures interfered with the circulation of most respiratory viruses. Then, with the discontinuation of restrictive measures, a new scenario appeared. With this scoping review, we want to globally explore whether the RSV paediatric hospitalization rate was influenced by COVID-19. This scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on PubMed using the Mesh terms "Respiratory Syncytial Viruses"[Mesh] AND "COVID-19"[Mesh] OR "SARS-CoV-2"[Mesh]. Among them, we identified studies pertaining to children and adolescents up to 18 years old hospitalized for RSV, including 18 records in the revision. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a drastic reduction in RSV hospitalization among the pediatric population in 2020-2021 season has been observed in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. After the relaxing of restrictive measures, unexpected outbreaks happened, leading to increased hospitalization and occupation of pediatric intensive care units.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hospitalization
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph192315455
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Article ; Online: Prevention of RSV Bronchiolitis: An Ethical Issue.

Villani, Alberto / Vittucci, Anna Chiara / Antilici, Livia / Pisani, Mara / Scutari, Rossana / Di Maio, Velia Chiara / Musolino, Anna Maria Caterina / Cristaldi, Sebastian / Cutrera, Renato / Perno, Carlo Federico

The Pediatric infectious disease journal

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392481-6
ISSN	1532-0987 ; 0891-3668
ISSN (online)	1532-0987
ISSN	0891-3668
DOI	10.1097/INF.0000000000004354
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of Rome IV Pediatric Diagnostic Questionnaire-Assessed Disorder of Gut-Brain Interaction, Psychopathological Comorbidities and Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food in Pediatric Anorexia Nervosa.

Rurgo, Sara / Marchili, Maria Rosaria / Spina, Giulia / Roversi, Marco / Cirillo, Flavia / Raucci, Umberto / Sarnelli, Giovanni / Raponi, Massimiliano / Villani, Alberto

Nutrients

2024 Volume 16, Issue 6

Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored ... ...

Abstract	Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored GI symptoms in pediatric populations with AN using age-specific diagnostic tools. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of DGBIs, their associated psychopathological aspects and their potential correlations with ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among pediatric AN patients. The study included AN patients who were under the care of a specialized multidisciplinary team. We assessed DGBI-related symptoms using the Rome IV Pediatric Diagnostic Questionnaire on Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (R4PDQ) and conducted psychological evaluations. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were evaluated. Among 56 AN patients, we observed a lower prevalence of DGBIs (functional constipation: 61%; functional dyspepsia: 54%; irritable bowel syndrome: 25%) compared to the existing literature. The psychological assessments revealed high rates of depression (72%) and anxiety (70%). UPF consumption was inversely related to depression levels (
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis ; Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology ; Food, Processed ; Prevalence ; Rome ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology ; Constipation/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu16060817
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in a large pediatric hospital in Central Italy and development of a forecasting model to predict the seasonal peak.

Cutrera, Renato / Ciofi Degli Atti, Marta Luisa / Dotta, Andrea / D'Amore, Carmen / Ravà, Lucilla / Perno, Carlo Federico / Villani, Alberto

Italian journal of pediatrics

2024 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 65

Abstract: Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is responsible for the majority of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and can affect also older age groups. Restrictions linked to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and their subsequent ... ...

Abstract	Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is responsible for the majority of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and can affect also older age groups. Restrictions linked to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and their subsequent lifting caused a change in the dynamics of RSV circulation. It is therefore fundamental to monitor RSV seasonal trends and to be able to predict its seasonal peak to be prepared to the next RSV epidemics. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study on laboratory-confirmed RSV infections from Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022. Data on RSV-positive respiratory samples (n = 3,536) and RSV-confirmed hospitalizations (n = 1,895) on patients aged 0-18 years were analyzed. In addition to this, a SARIMA (Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) forecasting model was developed to predict the next peak of RSV. Results: Findings show that, after the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic season, where RSV circulation was almost absent, RSV infections presented with an increased and anticipated peak compared to pre-pandemic seasons. While mostly targeting infants below 1 year of age, there was a proportional increase in RSV infections and hospitalizations in older age groups in the post-pandemic period. A forecasting model built using RSV weekly data from 2018 to 2022 predicted the RSV peaks of 2023, showing a reasonable level of accuracy (MAPE 33%). Additional analysis indicated that the peak of RSV cases is expected to be reached after 4-5 weeks from case doubling. Conclusion: Our study provides epidemiological evidence on the dynamics of RSV circulation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings highlight the potential of combining surveillance and forecasting to promote preparedness for the next RSV epidemics.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Retrospective Studies ; Pandemics ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; Italy/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2088556-8
ISSN	1824-7288 ; 1720-8424
ISSN (online)	1824-7288
ISSN	1720-8424
DOI	10.1186/s13052-024-01624-x
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Article: Sleep and behavioral problems in Down syndrome: differences between school age and adolescence.

Fucà, Elisa / Costanzo, Floriana / Celestini, Laura / Galassi, Paolo / Villani, Alberto / Valentini, Diletta / Vicari, Stefano

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1193176

Abstract: Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk of developing sleep problems. In spite of the well-established knowledge on the presence of sleep difficulties in DS individuals and the associated emotional and behavioral problems, less is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk of developing sleep problems. In spite of the well-established knowledge on the presence of sleep difficulties in DS individuals and the associated emotional and behavioral problems, less is known about the possible differences in the kind of associations between sleep and emotional/behavioral problems across different age ranges. Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 289 participants with DS aged 6-18 years with the aims to explore differences in the distribution of sleep problems between specific age groups (school age vs. adolescence) and to identify specific age-based associations between sleep problems and emotional/behavioral problems. Results: Some differences in the distribution of sleep problems have emerged between age groups. Moreover, differences in the patterns of association between emotional/behavioral difficulties and sleep problems-in particular, sleep-related breathing difficulties and parasomnias-have been observed. However, sleep-wake transition disorders and excessive daily somnolence appear to be related to emotional and behavioral problems (both internalizing and externalizing), in general, across school age and adolescence. Discussion: These results remark the importance of appropriate neuropsychiatric and psychological evaluation taking into account the age-specific needs and features of individuals with DS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1193176
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Article ; Online: Classifying Vocal Folds Fixation from Endoscopic Videos with Machine Learning.

Villani, Francesca Pia / Paderno, Alberto / Fiorentino, Maria Chiara / Casella, Alessandro / Piazza, Cesare / Moccia, Sara

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 1–4

Abstract: Vocal folds motility evaluation is paramount in both the assessment of functional deficits and in the accurate staging of neoplastic disease of the glottis. Diagnostic endoscopy, and in particular videoendoscopy, is nowadays the method through which the ... ...

Abstract	Vocal folds motility evaluation is paramount in both the assessment of functional deficits and in the accurate staging of neoplastic disease of the glottis. Diagnostic endoscopy, and in particular videoendoscopy, is nowadays the method through which the motility is estimated. The clinical diagnosis, however, relies on the examination of the videoendoscopic frames, which is a subjective and professional-dependent task. Hence, a more rigorous, objective, reliable, and repeatable method is needed. To support clinicians, this paper proposes a machine learning (ML) approach for vocal cords motility classification. From the endoscopic videos of 186 patients with both vocal cords preserved motility and fixation, a dataset of 558 images relative to the two classes was extracted. Successively, a number of features was retrieved from the images and used to train and test four well-grounded ML classifiers. From test results, the best performance was achieved using XGBoost, with precision = 0.82, recall = 0.82, F1 score = 0.82, and accuracy = 0.82. After comparing the most relevant ML models, we believe that this approach could provide precise and reliable support to clinical evaluation.Clinical Relevance- This research represents an important advancement in the state-of-the-art of computer-assisted otolaryngology, to develop an effective tool for motility assessment in the clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vocal Cords/diagnostic imaging ; Endoscopy ; Glottis ; Videotape Recording ; Machine Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2694-0604
ISSN (online)	2694-0604
DOI	10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340017
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