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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Infectious Diseases in the New Millennium

    Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Brassington, Iain

    Legal and Ethical Challenges

    (International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, ; 82)

    2020  

    Abstract: This book examines the often tough questions raised by infectious diseases through essays that explore a host of legal and ethical issues. The authors also offer potential solutions in order to ensure that past errors are not repeated in response to ... ...

    Author's details edited by Mark Eccleston-Turner, Iain Brassington
    Series title International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, ; 82
    Abstract This book examines the often tough questions raised by infectious diseases through essays that explore a host of legal and ethical issues. The authors also offer potential solutions in order to ensure that past errors are not repeated in response to future outbreaks. The essays touch on a number of key themes, including institutional competence, the accountability and responsibility of non-state actors, the importance of pharmaceuticals, and the move towards a rights-based approach in global health. Readers gain insights into such important questions as follows: How can we help victims in other countries? What (if any) responsibility should be placed upon international organizations whose actions exacerbate infectious diseases? How can we ensure that pharmaceutical research helps all communities, even those who cannot afford to pay for the products? While broadly covering global health law, the book adopts an inter-disciplinary approach that draws on public international law, philosophy, international relations, human rights law, and healthcare economics. As such, it is a valuable resource for academic libraries, appealing to scholars and postgraduates engaged in relevant research, as well as to those engaged with global health and policy at the international level. Chapter 'R&D for emerging infectious diseases of epidemic potential: sharing risks and benefits through a new coalition’ is available open access under a CC by 4.0 license via link.springer.com. .
    Keywords Medical laws and legislation ; Ethics ; Infectious diseases ; Economic development ; Health economics ; Medical Law. ; Infectious Diseases ; Development and Health ; Health Economics
    Subject code 362.1969
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (254 pages).
    Edition 1st ed. 2020.
    Publisher Springer International Publishing ; Imprint: Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 3-030-39819-6 ; 3-030-39818-8 ; 978-3-030-39819-4 ; 978-3-030-39818-7
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-39819-4
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Will the pandemic treaty make it over the line?

    Wenham, Clare / Eccleston-Turner, Mark

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2024  Volume 384, Page(s) q395

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; International Cooperation ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.q395
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Monkeypox as a PHEIC: implications for global health governance.

    Wenham, Clare / Eccleston-Turner, Mark

    Lancet (London, England)

    2022  Volume 400, Issue 10369, Page(s) 2169–2171

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Global Health ; Disease Outbreaks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01437-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: International Collaboration to Ensure Equitable Access to Vaccines for COVID-19: The ACT-Accelerator and the COVAX Facility.

    Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Upton, Harry

    The Milbank quarterly

    2021  Volume 99, Issue 2, Page(s) 426–449

    Abstract: Policy Points Equitable access to a COVID-19 vaccine in all countries remains a key policy objective, but experience of previous pandemics suggests access will be limited in developing countries, despite the rapid development of three successful vaccine ... ...

    Abstract Policy Points Equitable access to a COVID-19 vaccine in all countries remains a key policy objective, but experience of previous pandemics suggests access will be limited in developing countries, despite the rapid development of three successful vaccine candidates. The COVAX Facility seeks to address this important issue, but the prevalence of vaccine nationalism threatens to limit the ability of the facility to meet both its funding targets and its ambitious goals for vaccine procurement. A failure to adequately address the underlying lack of infrastructure in developing countries threatens to further limit the success of the COVAX Facility.
    Context: Significant effort has been directed toward developing a COVID-19 vaccine, which is viewed as the route out of the pandemic. Much of this effort has coalesced around COVAX, the multilateral initiative aimed at accelerating the development of COVID-19 vaccines, and ensuring they are equitably available in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper represents the first significant analysis of COVAX, and the extent to which it can be said to have successfully met these aims.
    Methods: This paper draws on the publicly available policy documents made available by the COVAX initiatives, as well as position papers and public statements from governments around the world with respect to COVID-19 vaccines and equitable access. We analyze the academic literature regarding access to vaccines during the H1N1 pandemic. Finally, we consider the WHO Global Allocation System, and its principles, which are intended to guide COVAX vaccine deployment.
    Findings: We argue that the funding mechanism deployed by the COVAX Pillar appears to be effective at fostering at-risk investments in research and development and the production of doses in advance of confirmation of clinical efficacy, but caution that this represents a win-win situation for vaccine manufacturers, providing them with opportunity to benefit regardless of whether their vaccine candidate ever goes on to gain regulatory approval. We also argue that the success of the COVAX Facility with respect to equitable access to vaccine is likely to be limited, primarily as a result of the prevalence of vaccine nationalism, whereby countries adopt policies which heavily prioritize their own public health needs at the expense of others.
    Conclusions: Current efforts through COVAX have greatly accelerated the development of vaccines against COVID-19, but these benefits are unlikely to flow to LMICs, largely due to the threat of vaccine nationalism.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/economics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Global Health ; Health Equity/standards ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632829-5
    ISSN 1468-0009 ; 0887-378X
    ISSN (online) 1468-0009
    ISSN 0887-378X
    DOI 10.1111/1468-0009.12503
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Implementation, compliance, and pandemic legal obligations.

    Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Burci, Gian-Luca / Liberman, Jonathan / Sekalala, Sharifah

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 380, Issue 6647, Page(s) 792–794

    Abstract: Negotiations ought not focus on enforcement and sanctions. ...

    Abstract Negotiations ought not focus on enforcement and sanctions.
    MeSH term(s) Pandemics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence ; World Health Organization ; International Law ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adh2080
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Equity in the Pandemic Treaty: Access and Benefit-Sharing as a Policy Device or a Rhetorical Device?

    Hampton, Abbie-Rose / Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Rourke, Michelle / Switzer, Stephanie

    The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 217–220

    Abstract: Equity is a foundational concept for the new World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Treaty. WHO Member States are currently negotiating to turn this undefined concept into tangible outcomes by borrowing a policy mechanism from international ... ...

    Abstract Equity is a foundational concept for the new World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Treaty. WHO Member States are currently negotiating to turn this undefined concept into tangible outcomes by borrowing a policy mechanism from international environmental law: "access and benefit-sharing" (ABS).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pandemics ; International Cooperation ; International Law ; Policy ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1168812-9
    ISSN 1748-720X ; 1073-1105 ; 0277-8459
    ISSN (online) 1748-720X
    ISSN 1073-1105 ; 0277-8459
    DOI 10.1017/jme.2023.59
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Sovereignty, sanctions, and data sharing under international law.

    Rourke, Michelle / Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Switzer, Stephanie

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 375, Issue 6582, Page(s) 724–726

    Abstract: Pathogen samples and scientific data are bargaining chips in a global argument about who gets what in a pandemic. ...

    Abstract Pathogen samples and scientific data are bargaining chips in a global argument about who gets what in a pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Global Health ; Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation ; International Law ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abn5400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The Economic Theory of Patent Protection and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: Do Patents Really Incentivize Innovation in the Field?

    Eccleston-Turner, Mark

    American journal of law & medicine

    2016  Volume 42, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 572–597

    Abstract: The creation of new vaccines is one of the key challenges in the battle against global infectious diseases. Therefore, creating the optimal conditions for innovation in vaccines is one of the most important roles law may undertake in this battle. In ... ...

    Abstract The creation of new vaccines is one of the key challenges in the battle against global infectious diseases. Therefore, creating the optimal conditions for innovation in vaccines is one of the most important roles law may undertake in this battle. In relation to pharmaceuticals, the economic theory of patent protection is commonly cited by industry and in the academic literature to justify the patenting of life-saving medicines and vaccines. The economic theory of patent protection holds that innovation occurs due to patents protecting the research and development investment made by the innovator. Proponents of this theory claim that without patents such innovation in medicines and vaccines would occur at a significantly reduced rate. This Article considers the applicability of the economic theory of patent protection to pandemic influenza vaccines. This Article examines a number of factors relevant to patent law, theory, and innovation including: the patent landscape for pandemic influenza vaccines; the market dominance enjoyed by manufacturers; the actual risk posed by imitators making generic vaccines if patent protection were not in place; and, the licensing and regulatory provisions for creating generic vaccines. According to the economic theory of patent protection, a patent incentivizes innovation by providing an innovator with a temporary monopoly regarding their innovation, and by protecting them from the threat posed by imitators who wish to make a cheap replica of the product. However, even without a patent, pandemic influenza vaccine manufacturers are in this position. Due to economies of scale and the complicated regulatory and licensing frameworks relevant to bringing a pandemic influenza vaccine to market, manufacturers are at little to no risk from generic imitators. Moreover, there is a very strong incentive to innovate because pandemic influenza vaccine manufacturers are selling a product for which demand exceeds supply to a captive market of nations and organizations, each of which is hoping to secure as much vaccine as possible. The unique conditions associated with pandemic influenza vaccines appear to provide more of an incentive to innovate and research in this field than the fact that the innovations can be patented.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 753043-2
    ISSN 0098-8588
    ISSN 0098-8588
    DOI 10.1177/0098858816658280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The Procurement of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Developing Countries

    Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Upton, Harry

    SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

    Lessons from the 2009-H1N1 Pandemic

    2020  

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3719109
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Preparing for the Next Pandemic - The WHO's Global Influenza Strategy.

    Eccleston-Turner, Mark / Phelan, Alexandra / Katz, Rebecca

    The New England journal of medicine

    2019  Volume 381, Issue 23, Page(s) 2192–2194

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMp1905224
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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