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  1. Article: Pulmonary Fibrosis Caused by Severe COVID-19 Infection: Discharge May Not Be The End of Treatment.

    Rumende, Cleopas Martin

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2021  Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–142

    Abstract: Since December 2019, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spread rapidly in the world. Beside acute respiratory distress syndrome found in acute phase of infection, there is also pulmonary fibrosis as a chronic complication due to COVID-19. ... ...

    Abstract Since December 2019, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spread rapidly in the world. Beside acute respiratory distress syndrome found in acute phase of infection, there is also pulmonary fibrosis as a chronic complication due to COVID-19. With the global pandemic of COVID-19, more and more autopsy and puncture histopathological results have been published.Until now there is no specific therapy to handle post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19 infection. Several studies are ongoing to determine an effective treatment for this chronic complication. While ARDS appears to be the main cause of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19, the pathogenesis of ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 is different from the typical ARDS. Some therapies may be considered for reducing the fibrosis process in lung after COVI-19 infection namely pirfenidone, nintedanib and mesenchymal stem cells. Many patients are still recovering spontaneously in the first six weeks after acute COVID-19 infection and do not generally require fast-track entry into a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. However, those who have significantly persistent respiratory illness may need to be supported by pulmonary rehabilitation. Multidisciplinary intervention based on personalized evaluation and treatment which includes exercise training, education and behavioral modification can be given to improve the physical and psychological condition of patients with post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Patient Discharge ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-12
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
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  2. Article ; Online: Pulmonary Fibrosis Caused by Severe COVID-19 Infection

    Cleopas Martin Rumende

    Acta Medica Indonesiana, Vol 53, Iss

    Discharge May Not Be The End of Treatment

    2021  Volume 2

    Abstract: Since December 2019, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spread rapidly in the world. Beside acute respiratory distress syndrome found in acute phase of infection, there is also pulmonary fibrosis as a chronic complication due to COVID-19. ... ...

    Abstract Since December 2019, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spread rapidly in the world. Beside acute respiratory distress syndrome found in acute phase of infection, there is also pulmonary fibrosis as a chronic complication due to COVID-19. With the global pandemic of COVID-19, more and more autopsy and puncture histopathological results have been published. Until now there is no specific therapy to handle post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19 infection. Several studies are ongoing to determine an effective treatment for this chronic complication. While ARDS appears to be the main cause of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19, the pathogenesis of ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 is different from the typical ARDS. Some therapies may be considered for reducing the fibrosis process in lung after COVI-19 infection namely pirfenidone, nintedanib and mesenchymal stem cells. Many patients are still recovering spontaneously in the first six weeks after acute COVID-19 infection and do not generally require fast-track entry into a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. However, those who have significantly persistent respiratory illness may need to be supported by pulmonary rehabilitation. Multidisciplinary intervention based on personalized evaluation and treatment which includes exercise training, education and behavioral modification can be given to improve the physical and psychological condition of patients with post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis.
    Keywords covid-19 ; pulmonary fibrosis ; indonesia ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Interna Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
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  3. Article: Risk Factors for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis.

    Rumende, Cleopas Martin

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2018  Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

    Abstract: In 2015, 10.4 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) and 580,000 amongst them suffered from multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). From those 580,000 cases of MDR-TB, only 125,000 were detected and reported. A total of 111,000 people began to receive MDR- ... ...

    Abstract In 2015, 10.4 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) and 580,000 amongst them suffered from multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). From those 580,000 cases of MDR-TB, only 125,000 were detected and reported. A total of 111,000 people began to receive MDR-TB treatment in 2014 while 190,000 MDR-TB patients were estimated to have died, largely due to lack of access to effective treatment. The mechanism of drug resistance can be caused by genetic factors, factors related to previous treatment and other factors such as comorbidity with diabetes mellitus. Although there is some evidence which postulate host genetic predisposition is the basis for the development of MDR-TB, changes in the genomic content is the major underlying event in the emergence of variants strains in the M. tuberculosis complex. Spontaneous chromosomally-borne mutation occurring in M. tuberculosis at predictable rates are thought to confer resistance to anti-TB drugs. Factors related to previous anti-tuberculosis treatments consists of incomplete or inadequate treatment and also poor treatment adherence. A review of the published literature strongly suggest that the most powerful predictor for the presence of MDR-TB is a history of TB treatment. Many new cases of MDR-TB are created by physician's errors related to drugs regimen, dosing interval and duration of treatment. Multidrug-resistance TB developed due to error in TB management in the past such as initiation of an inadequat regimen using first line anti-TB drugs, the addition of single drug to a failing regimen, the failure to identify pre-existing resistance and variations in bioavailability of anti-TB drugs that predispose the patient to the development of MDR-TB. Non-adherence to prescribed treatment is often underestimated by physicians and difficult to predict. Certain factors such as psychiatric illness, alcoholism, drug additiction and homelessness can predict non-adherence to treatment. Poor compliance with the treatment is also an important factor in the development of acquired drug resistance.Diabetes mellitus has been a well-known risk factor for TB in the past. The global convergence of the accelerating type 2 DM pandemic, high TB prevalence and drug-resistant TB during the past couple of decades has become a serious challenge to clinicians worldwide. Over the past few years, some studies have shown that the treatment failure rate is higher in TB patients with DM as comorbidity. Moreover, there is significant association between DM an MDR-TB. There is higher chance of TB bacilli persistence to be present in sputum of pulmonary TB patient with DM than TB-only patient after 5 months treatment, and this persistence made it necessary for more longer treatment. Presence of DM in TB patients cause a longer period for sputum conversion, therefore it may become a major cause of poor treatment outcome in TB patients. Previous studies showed that a major mechanism for the emergence of drugs resistance in TB bacilli is random mutation in the bacterial genome and the pressure of selection by anti-TB drugs. Pulmonary TB in diabetic patients usually show higher mycobacterial loads at the initiation of treatment, hence they may have higher chance of bacillary mutation and the emergence of MDR-TB with the presenting of higher bacterial loads, longer treatment is needed to clear the bacteria. Therefore, it is not suprising that a higher chance of MDR-TB patients could be find in those patients. A pharmacokinetic study noted that plasma levels of rifampicin were 53% lower in TB patients with diabetes, which might affect treatment outcomes. Inadequate immune respons of the host may also be important in this negative effect of diabetes. Depressed production of IFN-γ in diabetic patients is related to decreasing immune response to TB infection. Reduction of IL-12 response to mycobacterial stimulation in leukocytes from TB with diabetic patients suggest a compromise of innate immune response.
    MeSH term(s) Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacokinetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Rifampin/pharmacokinetics ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/genetics ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/mortality
    Chemical Substances Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-23
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Validation of Drug Resistance in Pneumonia (DRIP) Score as Empirical Antibiotic Failure Predictor in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

    Simanjuntak, Rohayat Bilmahdi / Lie, Khie Chen / Rumende, Cleopas Martin / Abdullah, Murdani / Shatri, Hamzah / Koesnoe, Soekamto / Nainggolan, Leonard / Rizka, Aulia

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2024  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 55–62

    Abstract: Background: The incidence of CAP due to Drug-Resistant Pathogen (DRP) requires broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, Drugs Resistance in Pneumonia (DRIP) score can predict these cases. The use of the DRIP score can prevent antibiotic failure and long ... ...

    Abstract Background: The incidence of CAP due to Drug-Resistant Pathogen (DRP) requires broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, Drugs Resistance in Pneumonia (DRIP) score can predict these cases. The use of the DRIP score can prevent antibiotic failure and long hospitalization, but validation is needed so that the DRIP score can be used according to the local community at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital.
    Methods: This research is a retrospective cohort study in CAP patients who were hospitalized during the period January 2019 to June 2020. Data were taken from medical records. Failure of empiric antibiotics occurs when one of these criteria is found: patient mortality, ICU transfer, and escalation of antibiotics as well as length of stay.
    Results: 480 patients met the criteria. There were 331 patients (69%) with a DRIP score of <4 and 149 patients (31%) with a DRIP score of≥4. A total of 283 patients (59%) of antibiotic failures were detailed in 174 patients with a DRIP score <4 and 109 patients DRIP score ≥4. DRIP calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test obtained p-value= 0.667 (p>0.05). AUC observations on the ROC curve obtained 0.651 (95% CI; 0.601-0.700).
    Conclusion: The DRIP score has low accuracy performance and calibration value in predicting empirical antibiotic failure and poor discriminatory value.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Hospitals
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
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  5. Article: Identifying Predictors of Mortality in Sepsis Patients with Malignancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Nainggolan, Leonard / Eled, Rido Prama / Rinaldi, Ikhwan / Rumende, Cleopas Martin / Jasirwan, Chyntia Olivia Maurine / Wibowo, Suryo Anggoro Kusumo / Sinto, Robert / Lie, Khie Chen

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2024  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–45

    Abstract: Background: Sepsis is a major problem that contributes to a high mortality rate. Its mortality is especially high in patients with malignancy. One study reported that sepsis patients with malignancy have a 2.32 times higher risk of mortality compared to ...

    Abstract Background: Sepsis is a major problem that contributes to a high mortality rate. Its mortality is especially high in patients with malignancy. One study reported that sepsis patients with malignancy have a 2.32 times higher risk of mortality compared to patients without malignancy. For this reason, factors that influence mortality in sepsis patients with malignancy become especially important to provide effective and efficient therapy. This study aims to identify factors that influence mortality in sepsis patients with malignancy.
    Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study using medical records of sepsis patients with malignancy who were treated at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2020 to 2022. A bivariate analysis was carried out and followed by a logistic regression analysis on variables with p-value<0.25 on the bivariate analysis.
    Results: Among the 350 eligible sepsis subjects with malignancy, there was an 82% mortality rate (287 subjects). Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between mortality and both SOFA score (adjusted Odds Ratio of 5.833, 95%CI 3.214-10.587) and ECOG performance status (adjusted Odds Ratio of 3.490, 95%CI 1.690-7.208).
    Conclusion: SOFA score and ECOG performance status are significantly associated with sepsis patient mortality in malignancy cases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Sepsis ; Neoplasms/complications ; Hospitals ; Intensive Care Units ; ROC Curve
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
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  6. Article ; Online: Risk Factors for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

    Cleopas Martin Rumende

    Acta Medica Indonesiana, Vol 50, Iss

    2018  Volume 1

    Abstract: In 2015, 10.4 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) and 580,000 amongst them suffered from multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). From those 580,000 cases of MDR-TB, only 125,000 were detected and reported. A total of 111,000 people began to receive MDR- ... ...

    Abstract In 2015, 10.4 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) and 580,000 amongst them suffered from multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). From those 580,000 cases of MDR-TB, only 125,000 were detected and reported. A total of 111,000 people began to receive MDR-TB treatment in 2014 while 190,000 MDR-TB patients were estimated to have died, largely due to lack of access to effective treatment. The mechanism of drug resistance can be caused by genetic factors, factors related to previous treatment and other factors such as comorbidity with diabetes mellitus. Although there is some evidence which postulate host genetic predisposition is the basis for the development of MDR-TB, changes in the genomic content is the major underlying event in the emergence of variants strains in the M. tuberculosis complex. Spontaneous chromosomally-borne mutation occurring in M. tuberculosis at predictable rates are thought to confer resistance to anti-TB drugs. Factors related to previous anti-tuberculosis treatments consists of incomplete or inadequate treatment and also poor treatment adherence. A review of the published literature strongly suggest that the most powerful predictor for the presence of MDR-TB is a history of TB treatment. Many new cases of MDR-TB are created by physician’s errors related to drugs regimen, dosing interval and duration of treatment. Multidrug-resistance TB developed due to error in TB management in the past such as initiation of an inadequat regimen using first line anti-TB drugs, the addition of single drug to a failing regimen, the failure to identify pre-existing resistance and variations in bioavailability of anti-TB drugs that predispose the patient to the development of MDR-TB. Non-adherence to prescribed treatment is often underestimated by physicians and difficult to predict. Certain factors such as psychiatric illness, alcoholism, drug additiction and homelessness can predict non-adherence to treatment. Poor compliance with the treatment is also an important factor in the development of acquired drug ...
    Keywords multidrug resistant ; tuberculosis ; MDR-TB ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Interna Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Symptomatic Bradycardia Due to Alectinib in a Patient with Advanced Stage of NSCLC.

    Pitoyo, Ceva Wicaksono / Rumende, Cleopas Martin / Wiraputri, Anindita Kartika / Audita, Fatira Ratri

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2022  Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 303–306

    Abstract: Alectinib is one of the targeted therapies commonly given to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in the ALK gene. The most common adverse effects of alectinib are fatigue, constipation, edema, myalgia and anemia. ... ...

    Abstract Alectinib is one of the targeted therapies commonly given to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in the ALK gene. The most common adverse effects of alectinib are fatigue, constipation, edema, myalgia and anemia. Meanwhile, bradycardia was reported as a very common adverse effect, but generally asymptomatic, unlike the reported patient in this case report. This case report's purpose is to increase awareness of the possibility of adverse effects due to alectinib administration that require immediate intervention in order to improve the quality of life and patient survival, especially in patients with advanced NSCLC.
    MeSH term(s) Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics ; Bradycardia/chemically induced ; Carbazoles ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Piperidines ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Carbazoles ; Piperidines ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; alectinib (LIJ4CT1Z3Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-06
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
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  8. Article: Effectiveness and Safety of Nebulized Magnesium as Last Line Treatment in Adults with Acute Asthma Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Darmawan, Danny / Rengganis, Iris / Rumende, Cleopas Martin / Shatri, Hamzah / Koesnoe, Soekamto / Umbarawan, Yogi / Putranto, Rudi / Nasution, Sally Aman

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2024  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–12

    Abstract: Background: Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, however one-third of asthmatic cases did not respond adequately. Inhaled magnesium has been proposed as a treatment for unresponsive asthma cases. However, its role remains ... ...

    Abstract Background: Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, however one-third of asthmatic cases did not respond adequately. Inhaled magnesium has been proposed as a treatment for unresponsive asthma cases. However, its role remains controversial. This review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of nebulized magnesium compared to standard therapy (Beta Agonist, Anticholinergic, Corticosteroid) in adults with acute asthma attacks.
    Methods: The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO. A literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, and using the keywords "inhaled magnesium" and "asthma". Manual searches were carried out through data portals. Journal articles included are randomized controlled trials. The assessment risk of bias was performed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.
    Results: There are five articles included in this review. There is no significant difference in readmission rate and oxygen saturation in the magnesium group compared to control (RR 1; 95% CI 0.92 to 1,08; p= 0,96 and MD 1,82; 95% CI -0.89 to 4.53; p= 0.19, respectively). There is a significant reduction of respiratory rate and clinical severity in magnesium (MD -1,72; 95% CI -3,1 to 0.35; p= 0.01, RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.69; p <0.001, respectively). There was a higher risk of side effects in the magnesium group (HR 1.56; 95%CI 1.05 to 2.32; p= 0.03). However, the side effects are relatively mild such as hypotension and nausea.
    Conclusion: Inhaled magnesium improves the outcome of asthmatic patients, especially in lung function, clinical severity, and respiratory rate. Moreover, inhaled magnesium is safe to be given.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Hospitalization ; Drug Therapy, Combination
    Chemical Substances Magnesium (I38ZP9992A) ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
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  9. Article: The Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19.

    Rumende, Cleopas Martin / Susanto, Erwin C / Sitorus, Truely P

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2021  Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 233–241

    Abstract: Pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19 is recognized as sequel of ARDS characterized by failed alveolar re-epithelization, fibroblast activation, excessive collagen deposition and other extracellular matrix components that disrupt the normal lung ... ...

    Abstract Pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19 is recognized as sequel of ARDS characterized by failed alveolar re-epithelization, fibroblast activation, excessive collagen deposition and other extracellular matrix components that disrupt the normal lung architecture. There are risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis namely advanced age, severe ARDS infection, mechanical ventilation due to ventilator-induced lung injury, smoking and chronic alcoholism. Diagnosis of post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis can be made by clinical symptoms and characteristic finding from lung CT scan. To date, there is no definitive treatment for post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19 infection, however some of antifibrotic therapies may be considered. Beside medical treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation program and long-term oxygen treatment should be included as part of comprehensive treatment for pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/complications ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/virology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-12
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The Management of Cytokine Storm in COVID-19.

    Rumende, Cleopas Martin / Susanto, Erwin C / Sitorus, Truely P

    Acta medica Indonesiana

    2020  Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 306–313

    Abstract: Cytokine storm in COVID-19 infection is an excessive immune response to external stimuli where the pathogenesis is complex. The disease progresses rapidly and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that the severe deterioration of some patients ... ...

    Abstract Cytokine storm in COVID-19 infection is an excessive immune response to external stimuli where the pathogenesis is complex. The disease progresses rapidly and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the strong upregulation of cytokine production in SARS-Co-V2 induced pneumonia with an associated cytokine storm syndrome. Identification of existing approaved therapy with proven safety profile to treat hyperinflammation is critical unmet need in order to reduce COVID-19 associated mortality. To date, no specific therapeutic drugs are available to treat COVID-19 infection. Preliminary studies have shown that immune-modulatory or immune suppressive treatments might be considered as treatment choices for COVID-19, particularly in severe disease. This article review the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of COVID-19 virus-induced inflammatory storm in attempt to provide valuable medication guidance for clinical treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/blood ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Cytokines/blood ; Cytokines/immunology ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/blood ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-05
    Publishing country Indonesia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2474707-5
    ISSN 2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
    ISSN (online) 2338-2732
    ISSN 0125-9326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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