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Article: A note on the Hendrickson-Lattman phase probability distribution and its equivalence to the generalized von Mises distribution.

Barnett, Michael J / Kingston, Richard L

2024 Volume 57, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 492–498

Abstract: Hendrickson & Lattman [ ...

Abstract	Hendrickson & Lattman [
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020879-0
ISSN	1600-5767 ; 0021-8898
ISSN (online)	1600-5767
ISSN	0021-8898
DOI	10.1107/S1600576724000311
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Article ; Online: Measuring Paranoid Beliefs in Adolescents: A Comparison of the Revised-Green et al.'s Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and the Bird Checklist of Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP).

Schlier, B / Ellett, L / Thompson, E / Gaudiano, B / Krkovic, K / Kingston, J L

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2024

Abstract: Research on paranoid beliefs in adolescents is in its infancy. Valid and reliable assessments are essential to advancing the field, yet there is no current consensus as to which are optimal to use in this population. This study compared the psychometric ... ...

Abstract	Research on paranoid beliefs in adolescents is in its infancy. Valid and reliable assessments are essential to advancing the field, yet there is no current consensus as to which are optimal to use in this population. This study compared the psychometric properties of two measures of paranoia in a general population adolescent sample. A cross-sectional study with quota sampling (gender and age) recruited adolescents (14-17 years) from the UK (n = 262) and USA (n = 200), who completed the Revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and the Bird Checklist for Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP). We assessed factor structures, intercorrelations, overlap of participants identified as at-risk for paranoid thoughts via both scales, convergent validity (scales with one another) and discriminant validity (distress, wellbeing, bullying and discrimination). Both scales performed equally well in terms of factorial validity. Intercorrelations between the subscales and with general distress were high for both measures. However, a substantial percentage of participants were identified as having paranoid beliefs according to the R-GPTS but not the B-CAP. Furthermore, the B-CAP showed a very high correlations (0.69 ≤ r ≤ 0.79) with self-reported bullying experiences, which bordered on multicollinearity. Findings highlight the possibility that B-CAP may risk confounding paranoid beliefs with exposure to bullying more so than R-GPTS, and that B-CAP may miss instances of elevated paranoia that are captured by the R-GPTS. Future research needs to further explore this by validating both scales with an external (e.g., interview-based) criterion for paranoia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-024-01187-9
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Article ; Online: Effects of paranoia on well-being in adolescents: A longitudinal mediational analysis.

Kingston, J L / Parker, A / Schlier, B

Schizophrenia research

2022 Volume 243, Page(s) 178–180

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Humans ; Paranoid Disorders ; Self Concept
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.009
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Article ; Online: Emergency Room Utilization and Methamphetamine Overdose Symptoms Among Syringe Services Program Participants in Washington State.

Frank, Noah D / Banta-Green, Caleb J / Guthrie, Brandon L / Kingston, Susan / Tinsley, Joe / Whiteside, Lauren / Glick, Sara N

Substance use & misuse

2024 Volume 59, Issue 7, Page(s) 1012–1019

Abstract: Background: Methamphetamine overdose can cause severe psychological and physical health issues including psychosis, heart attack, and death. People who use methamphetamine (PWUM) who experience methamphetamine overdose symptoms (MOS) are advised to seek ...

Abstract	Background: Methamphetamine overdose can cause severe psychological and physical health issues including psychosis, heart attack, and death. People who use methamphetamine (PWUM) who experience methamphetamine overdose symptoms (MOS) are advised to seek emergency healthcare; however, factors related to seeking care are not well characterized. Methods: This study used data from the 2021 Washington State Syringe Services Program (SSP) Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey administered to participants at 21 SSPs in Washington ( Results: Methamphetamine use in the last three months was reported by 86% of participants. Among PWUM, 31% reported psychological MOS, 19% reported physical MOS, and 37% reported ≥1 MOS in the prior three months. Non-fatal opioid overdose (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.38-3.03), main drug of goofball (heroin and methamphetamine combined) (APR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.34-2.92) and recent blood infection/sepsis (APR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.24-3.46) were associated with ER utilization for MOS. Conclusion: Among people who use SSPs in Washington State, methamphetamine use remains high, and MOS are common. Recent non-fatal opioid overdose was positively associated with ER utilization for methamphetamine use among PWUM who experienced MOS. Patients in the ER for MOS should be screened for opioid use disorder and linked with harm reduction supplies like naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Washington/epidemiology ; Opiate Overdose ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Methamphetamine ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Analgesics, Opioid
Chemical Substances	Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C) ; Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1310358-1
ISSN	1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
ISSN (online)	1532-2491
ISSN	1082-6084
DOI	10.1080/10826084.2024.2317148
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Article ; Online: Cross-cultural validation of the revised Green et al., paranoid thoughts scale.

Schlier, Björn / Lincoln, Tania M / Kingston, Jessica L / So, Suzanne H / Gaudiano, Brandon A / Morris, Eric M J / Ellett, Lyn

Psychological medicine

2024 , Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Background: With efforts increasing worldwide to understand and treat paranoia, there is a pressing need for cross-culturally valid assessments of paranoid beliefs. The recently developed Revised Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) ... ...

Abstract	Background: With efforts increasing worldwide to understand and treat paranoia, there is a pressing need for cross-culturally valid assessments of paranoid beliefs. The recently developed Revised Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) constitutes an easy to administer self-report assessment of mild ideas of reference and more severe persecutory thoughts. Moreover, it comes with clinical cut-offs for increased usability in research and clinical practice. With multiple translations of the R-GPTS already available and in use, a formal test of its measurement invariance is now needed. Methods: Using data from a multinational cross-sectional online survey in the UK, USA, Australia, Germany, and Hong Kong ( Results: We found sufficient fit for the two-factor structure (ideas of reference, persecutory thoughts) of the R-GPTS across cultures. Measurement invariance was found for the persecutory thoughts subscale, indicating that it does measure the same construct across the tested samples in the same way. For ideas of reference, we found no scalar invariance, which was traced back to (mostly higher) item intercepts in the Hong Kong sample. Conclusion: We found sufficient invariance for the persecutory thoughts scale, which is of substantial practical importance, as it is used for the screening of clinical paranoia. A direct comparison of the ideas of reference sum-scores between cultures, however, may lead to an over-estimation of these milder forms of paranoia in some (non-western) cultures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291724000072
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Article ; Online: A randomised trial comparing a brief online delivery of mindfulness-plus-values versus values only for symptoms of depression: Does baseline severity matter?

Kingston, J / Becker, L / Woeginger, J / Ellett, L

Journal of affective disorders

2020 Volume 276, Page(s) 936–944

Abstract: Background: Acceptance/mindfulness-based interventions often focus on (a) developing dispositional mindfulness and (b) pursuing personally meaningful and valued activities. Acceptance/mindfulness-based interventions can reduce depression, but little is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acceptance/mindfulness-based interventions often focus on (a) developing dispositional mindfulness and (b) pursuing personally meaningful and valued activities. Acceptance/mindfulness-based interventions can reduce depression, but little is known about the combined effects of components or the influence of baseline variables on outcomes. This study tested whether practicing a brief (10-min) mindfulness meditation over a 2-week period followed by a single values session (mindfulness+values) was more effective than values alone (values only) in reducing symptoms of depression. The study was delivered online and modules were fully self-help (i.e., no therapist contact). Methods: 206 participants (M Results: Reductions in depression and recovery rates were significantly greater following mindfulness+values than values only. Baseline severity affected outcomes: mindfulness+values was significantly more beneficial than values only for individuals with high baseline levels of depression. Outcomes did not differ for those with low levels of depression. Rates of deterioration were higher than expected for values only participants. Limitations: Conclusions are preliminary and tentative due to no follow-up period and a small sample. Drop-out was high (50%) and findings cannot be assumed to generalise to treatment seeking or more diverse samples. Conclusions: Tentatively, results suggest mindfulness+values can significantly reduce depression, especially for individuals with higher baseline depression.
MeSH term(s)	Depression/therapy ; Humans ; Mindfulness ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.087
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Article ; Online: Lung Health in Farming: A Scoping Review.

O' Brien, Ciara / Kingston, Liz / Plant, Barry J / Coffey, Alice

Journal of agromedicine

2023 Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 335–345

Abstract: Objective: Lung disease is now recognized as an associated occupational hazard among farming and agricultural communities, however limited research surrounds lung health knowledge within our farming population. It is clear from this limited lack of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Lung disease is now recognized as an associated occupational hazard among farming and agricultural communities, however limited research surrounds lung health knowledge within our farming population. It is clear from this limited lack of knowledge that farming practices, perceptions and ideas relating to lung health are yet to be uncovered. This scoping review was conducted to identify what is known about lung health within farming and agricultural communities globally and to map the available evidence relating to lung health and lung health decline within this population. The objectives of this review were (1) focus on available lung health research from a global perspective specific to farming and agriculture relating to occupational lung exposures and (2) consolidate current knowledge, clearly identifying gaps within the literature. Methods: This systematic scoping review of the literature is guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology framework. There were 22 studies eligible for inclusion within the scoping review, providing an up-to-date review of research conducted on lung health and lung disease in farming occupations. Results: Results were grouped into three categories emerging from included studies: (1) focused on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms/disease within farming and agricultural occupations, (2) measurements of dust and particulate matter and correlating these with respiratory conditions, (3) common respiratory conditions linked to a decline in lung health among farming and agricultural occupations. Results identified no study focused on or referred to lung health, lung health knowledge or lung health awareness as an outcome, with all studies focusing on respiratory symptoms, development of lung disease and the common occupational hazards this population are exposed to. Conclusion: This scoping review demonstrates the lack of literature to specifically map available evidence relating to lung health and farming occupations. Many respiratory symptoms and conditions can arise directly and indirectly from agricultural environments, however many of these cases could be prevented by lung health knowledge within the farming population. The results of this scoping review will be used to inform knowledge, awareness, education, health promotion and future research within this population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Agriculture ; Farms ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Lung Diseases/epidemiology ; Lung
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1289325-0
ISSN	1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
ISSN (online)	1545-0813
ISSN	1059-924X
DOI	10.1080/1059924X.2023.2178573
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Article: Views about Euthanasia and Dementia: Exploring Perceptions Utilising Evidence from the Mass Observation Archive.

Blain, Janet / Stevens, Dean / Taylor, Louise / Kingston, Paul / Watts, Geoffrey

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 18

Abstract: This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion in the United Kingdom regarding euthanasia and assisted dying, using data specifically related to individuals with dementia. A qualitative approach was taken with data captured via a set of written ... ...

Abstract	This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion in the United Kingdom regarding euthanasia and assisted dying, using data specifically related to individuals with dementia. A qualitative approach was taken with data captured via a set of written questions in the form of a Mass Observation Archive Directive. The respondents, known as Observers, provided written responses; there was no limit to the length of the responses and the Observers were able to provide as much or as little detail as they chose. The data were analysed thematically utilising NVivo software. One-hundred and seven responses were received, representing a range of beliefs, and with opinions regarding euthanasia and dementia with pro, anti, and uncertain views being expressed. Five main themes emerged during our data analysis: capacity, legislation, agency and personal philosophies, disquietude, and incumbrance. Consistent with previous research capturing public views regarding euthanasia and assisted dying for people with dementia, the findings suggest policy makers may wish to consult the British public regarding legislation regarding euthanasia and dementia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare11182552
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Article: Evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxoviral phosphoprotein gene.

Douglas, Jordan / Drummond, Alexei J / Kingston, Richard L

Virus evolution

2021 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) veab028

Abstract: The phosphoprotein gene of the paramyxoviruses encodes multiple protein products. The P, V, and W proteins are generated by transcriptional slippage. This process results in the insertion of non-templated guanosine nucleosides into the mRNA at a ... ...

Abstract	The phosphoprotein gene of the paramyxoviruses encodes multiple protein products. The P, V, and W proteins are generated by transcriptional slippage. This process results in the insertion of non-templated guanosine nucleosides into the mRNA at a conserved edit site. The P protein is an essential component of the viral RNA polymerase and is encoded by a faithful copy of the gene in the majority of paramyxoviruses. However, in some cases, the non-essential V protein is encoded by default and guanosines must be inserted into the mRNA in order to encode P. The number of guanosines inserted into the P gene can be described by a probability distribution, which varies between viruses. In this article, we review the nature of these distributions, which can be inferred from mRNA sequencing data, and reconstruct the evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxovirus family. Our model suggests that, throughout known history of the family, the system has switched from a P default to a V default mode four times; complete loss of the editing system has occurred twice, the canonical zinc finger domain of the V protein has been deleted or heavily mutated a further two times, and the W protein has independently evolved a novel function three times. Finally, we review the physical mechanisms of cotranscriptional editing via slippage of the viral RNA polymerase.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2818949-8
ISSN	2057-1577
ISSN	2057-1577
DOI	10.1093/ve/veab028
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Article ; Online: Paranoid Thinking as a Function of Minority Group Status and Intersectionality: An International Examination of the Role of Negative Beliefs.

Kingston, J L / Schlier, B / Lincoln, T / So, S H / Gaudiano, B A / Morris, E M J / Phiri, P / Ellett, L

Schizophrenia bulletin

2023 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 1078–1087

Abstract: Background: Paranoia is higher in minority group individuals, especially those reporting intersecting aspects of difference. High negative and low positive self and other beliefs, and low social rank, are predictive of paranoia overtime; however, data ... ...

Abstract	Background: Paranoia is higher in minority group individuals, especially those reporting intersecting aspects of difference. High negative and low positive self and other beliefs, and low social rank, are predictive of paranoia overtime; however, data are typically from majority group participants. This study examined whether social defeat or healthy cultural mistrust best characterizes paranoia in minority groups. Study design: Using cross-sectional, survey design, with a large (n = 2510) international sample, moderation analyses (PROCESS) examined whether self and other beliefs, and perceived social rank, operate similarly or differently in minority vs majority group participants. Specifically, we tested whether beliefs moderated the influence of minority group, and intersecting aspects of difference, on paranoia. Study results: Paranoia was consistently higher in participants from minority vs majority groups and level of paranoid thinking was significantly higher at each level of the intersectionality index. Negative self/other beliefs were associated with elevated paranoia in all participants. However, in support of the notion of healthy cultural mistrust, low social rank, and low positive self/other beliefs were significantly associated with paranoia in majority group participants but unrelated to paranoia in respective minority group members. Conclusions: Although mixed, our findings signal the need to consider healthy cultural mistrust when examining paranoia in minority groups and bring into question whether "paranoia" accurately describes the experiences of marginalized individuals, at least at low levels of severity. Further research on paranoia in minority groups is crucial to developing culturally appropriate ways of understanding people's experiences in the context of victimization, discrimination, and difference.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Minority Groups ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Intersectional Framework ; Paranoid Disorders ; Crime Victims
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	439173-1
ISSN	1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
ISSN (online)	1745-1701
ISSN	0586-7614
DOI	10.1093/schbul/sbad027
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