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Article ; Online: The Paradox of Conspiracy Theory

Jaesun Wang / Seoyong Kim

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11825, p

The Positive Impact of Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories on Preventive Actions and Vaccination Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 Volume 11825

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect impact of beliefs in conspiracy theories on COVID-19-related preventive actions and vaccination intentions. The dominant theory in the literature is that beliefs in conspiracy theories have negative ... ...

Abstract	This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect impact of beliefs in conspiracy theories on COVID-19-related preventive actions and vaccination intentions. The dominant theory in the literature is that beliefs in conspiracy theories have negative consequences. In particular, strong beliefs in conspiracy theories lower people’s intentions to engage in preventive actions and get vaccinated. Previous studies indicated that this dominant theory applies in Korea as well. However, we find that this dominant theory does not apply in Korea. Based on an analysis of survey data, we find that beliefs in conspiracy theories have positive impact on preventive actions and vaccination intentions. In addition, beliefs in conspiracy theories play indirect roles in these two responses to COVID-19. Specifically, when perceived benefits and trust in the government or science enhance preventive actions or increase vaccination intentions, strong beliefs in conspiracy theories promote this effect. This positive role of conspiracy theories is paradoxical because they are generally viewed as negative.
Keywords	conspiracy theories ; belief in conspiracy theories ; COVID-19 pandemic ; trust ; preventive action ; vaccination ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	120
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Paradox of Conspiracy Theory: The Positive Impact of Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories on Preventive Actions and Vaccination Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Wang, Jaesun / Kim, Seoyong

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 22

Abstract	This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect impact of beliefs in conspiracy theories on COVID-19-related preventive actions and vaccination intentions. The dominant theory in the literature is that beliefs in conspiracy theories have negative consequences. In particular, strong beliefs in conspiracy theories lower people's intentions to engage in preventive actions and get vaccinated. Previous studies indicated that this dominant theory applies in Korea as well. However, we find that this dominant theory does not apply in Korea. Based on an analysis of survey data, we find that beliefs in conspiracy theories have positive impact on preventive actions and vaccination intentions. In addition, beliefs in conspiracy theories play indirect roles in these two responses to COVID-19. Specifically, when perceived benefits and trust in the government or science enhance preventive actions or increase vaccination intentions, strong beliefs in conspiracy theories promote this effect. This positive role of conspiracy theories is paradoxical because they are generally viewed as negative.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Intention ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph182211825
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Does Quality of Government Matter in Public Health?

Sunhee Kim / Jaesun Wang

Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 11, p

Comparing the Role of Quality and Quantity of Government at the National Level

2019 Volume 3229

Abstract: This study aims to examine the degree of direct or indirect impact of quality and quantity of government on public health. It is a very important topic in that previous studies did not consider the role of government; they focused on the impact of ... ...

Abstract	This study aims to examine the degree of direct or indirect impact of quality and quantity of government on public health. It is a very important topic in that previous studies did not consider the role of government; they focused on the impact of national economic, social, and political factors on public health, therefore, disregarding the governmental factors. We measured the quantity of government by public expenditure on heath (i.e., rate of share of government budget to gross domestic product (GDP)) and the quality of government by five variables such as corruption control, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, voice and accountability, and rule of law. Based on national-level panel data (three waves) that covered 148−194 countries, we examined how quality and quantity of government has an impact on four kinds of public health, i.e., infant mortality, under-five mortality, maternal mortality, and life expectancy. Results show that both the quality and quantity of government had a significant impact on public health. In the quality of government, government effectiveness has a positive impact on life expectancy and a negative influence on infant deaths. Moreover, the quality of government has a greater impact on public health than the quantity of government. Lastly, the quality of government plays a role in moderating the relationships between quantity of government and the predicted variables.
Keywords	quality of government ; public health ; role of government ; infant mortality ; life expectancy ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Searching for New Directions for Energy Policy

Jaesun Wang / Seoyong Kim

Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 5, p

Testing the Cross-Effect of Risk Perception and Cyberspace Factors on Online/Offline Opposition to Nuclear Energy in South Korea

2019 Volume 1368

Abstract: In the internet age, a considerable amount of information about risk events and objects is shared in cyberspace. Since online and offline spaces are not discrete, there is a cross-effect in which perceptual or attitudinal factors in cyberspace influence ... ...

Abstract	In the internet age, a considerable amount of information about risk events and objects is shared in cyberspace. Since online and offline spaces are not discrete, there is a cross-effect in which perceptual or attitudinal factors in cyberspace influence offline actions, while offline attitudes affect online actions. However, few studies have examined this cross-effect. In the present study, the intention to engage in online or offline behaviors opposing nuclear energy was the dependent variable. The independent variables included risk perception factors (i.e., perceived risk, perceived benefit, trust, knowledge, and stigma) in the risk perception paradigm, and cyber factors (i.e., self-efficacy in cyberspace, involvement on the internet, trust in cyberspace, conformity to online opinion, and belief in online rumors) in the cyberpsychology paradigm. Our findings offer evidence for the cross-effect of online or offline predictors on online/offline behaviors opposing nuclear energy. All the variables in the cyberspace paradigm influenced offline opposition, while those in the risk perception paradigm affected online opposition. Moreover, the five online-related risk perception variables played a significant role in moderating the relationships of predictors in the risk perception paradigm with offline opposition.
Keywords	acceptance of nuclear power ; risk perception paradigm ; risk perception ; cyberpsychology ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Role of Job Demands–Resources (JDR) between Service Workers’ Emotional Labor and Burnout

Sunhee Kim / Jaesun Wang

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 12, p

New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government

2018 Volume 2894

Abstract: Recently, research on service workers’ emotional labor has received considerable attention, both in theory and practice. Emotional labor has been reported to cause both stress and burnout in service workers, eventually leading to a decrease in ... ...

Abstract	Recently, research on service workers’ emotional labor has received considerable attention, both in theory and practice. Emotional labor has been reported to cause both stress and burnout in service workers, eventually leading to a decrease in organizational productivity. In this context, there is also a growing interest in identifying ways to reduce such burnout. This study aimed to examine the influence of emotional labor and job demands⁻resources (JD⁻R) on service workers’ burnout. Specifically, we analyzed the direct, indirect, and moderating effects of JD⁻R on burnout. Data were collected from service workers ( N = 1517) in public sectors. Results revealed that three dimensions—emotional labor, intensity/variety, and surface acting—increase burnout, whereas deep acting decreases it. Additionally, job demands were found to increase burnout, while job resources decreased it. Among the job demands, customer contact had the greatest positive impact on burnout, followed by role ambiguity and workload, respectively. Among the job resources, self-efficacy and social support had the greatest negative impact on burnout. Finally, customer contact, role ambiguity, job autonomy, and social support were identified as moderators that worsened or buffered the impact of emotional labor on burnout.
Keywords	emotional labor ; burnout ; job demands–resources model ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	331
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparative Analysis of Public Attitudes toward Nuclear Power Energy across 27 European Countries by Applying the Multilevel Model

Jaesun Wang / Seoyong Kim

Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 5, p

2018 Volume 1518

Abstract: Despite its potential risks, nuclear power energy offers some economic benefits including cheap electricity. This benefit clarifies part of the reason why people support nuclear energy. Our research examined whether there was a difference in the ... ...

Abstract	Despite its potential risks, nuclear power energy offers some economic benefits including cheap electricity. This benefit clarifies part of the reason why people support nuclear energy. Our research examined whether there was a difference in the acceptance of nuclear energy across 27 European countries in 2009, before the Fukushima accident. In particular, we analyzed how each factor at the individual and contextual level influences the acceptance. To answer this question, we set up the acceptance of nuclear energy as a dependent variable, and 5 perception variables at the individual level and 11 structural ones at the contextual level as independent variables. We executed multilevel modeling by using a Eurobarometer survey, which covered 27 European countries. The analysis results showed that at the individual level, the perceived benefit explained the largest variance of the acceptance, followed by perceived risk and trust. At the contextual level, the share of the energy supply by nuclear power, environmentalism and ideology influenced the acceptance of nuclear energy. This study shows that individuals’ acceptance of nuclear energy is based on individual beliefs and perceptions, but it is also influenced by the institutional and socio-cultural context which each country faces.
Keywords	acceptance of nuclear energy ; psychometric paradigm ; risk perception ; multilevel analysis ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Analysis of the Impact of Values and Perception on Climate Change Skepticism and Its Implication for Public Policy

Jaesun Wang / Seoyong Kim

Climate, Vol 6, Iss 4, p

2018 Volume 99

Abstract: Climate change is an unprecedented risk that humans have not previously experienced. It is accepted that people are generally worried about global warming. However, it is also a fact that there is a small but increasing number of climate change skeptics. ...

Abstract	Climate change is an unprecedented risk that humans have not previously experienced. It is accepted that people are generally worried about global warming. However, it is also a fact that there is a small but increasing number of climate change skeptics. These skeptics do not believe that there is any risk, nor are they concerned with other worrisome facts related to climate change. Skeptics regard the present scientific findings supporting climate change as false artefacts. Our study aimed to explore the factors that influence climate skepticism. In this work, to make a regression model, we established environmental skepticism as a dependent variable and included sociodemographic factors, values, and perception factors as the three independent variables. Also, to examine their roles indirectly, we regarded values as moderators. The results show that, in terms of values, ideology, environmentalism, religiosity, two kinds of cultural biases, and science and technology (S&T) optimism influence skepticism at the individual level, whereas, in terms of perception factors, perceived risk, perceived benefit, and negative affect have an impact. Also, values such as ideology, religiosity, environmentalism, and cultural biases play a moderating role that facilitates, buffers, or changes the effect of psychometric variables on an individual’s skepticism.
Keywords	climate change ; climate change skepticism ; environmental skepticism ; skeptics ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Role of Job Demands⁻Resources (JDR) between Service Workers' Emotional Labor and Burnout: New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government.

Kim, Sunhee / Wang, Jaesun

International journal of environmental research and public health

2018 Volume 15, Issue 12

Abstract: Recently, research on service workers' emotional labor has received considerable attention, both in theory and practice. Emotional labor has been reported to cause both stress and burnout in service workers, eventually leading to a decrease in ... ...

Abstract	Recently, research on service workers' emotional labor has received considerable attention, both in theory and practice. Emotional labor has been reported to cause both stress and burnout in service workers, eventually leading to a decrease in organizational productivity. In this context, there is also a growing interest in identifying ways to reduce such burnout. This study aimed to examine the influence of emotional labor and job demands⁻resources (JD⁻R) on service workers' burnout. Specifically, we analyzed the direct, indirect, and moderating effects of JD⁻R on burnout. Data were collected from service workers (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations/statistics & numerical data ; Personnel Management/methods ; Public Sector/statistics & numerical data ; Self Efficacy ; Sex Factors ; Social Support ; Workload/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph15122894
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Searching for New Directions for Energy Policy: Testing the Cross-Effect of Risk Perception and Cyberspace Factors on Online/Offline Opposition to Nuclear Energy in South Korea

Wang, Jaesun / Kim, Seoyong

Sustainability. 2019 Mar. 05, v. 11, no. 5

2019

Abstract	In the internet age, a considerable amount of information about risk events and objects is shared in cyberspace. Since online and offline spaces are not discrete, there is a cross-effect in which perceptual or attitudinal factors in cyberspace influence offline actions, while offline attitudes affect online actions. However, few studies have examined this cross-effect. In the present study, the intention to engage in online or offline behaviors opposing nuclear energy was the dependent variable. The independent variables included risk perception factors (i.e., perceived risk, perceived benefit, trust, knowledge, and stigma) in the risk perception paradigm, and cyber factors (i.e., self-efficacy in cyberspace, involvement on the internet, trust in cyberspace, conformity to online opinion, and belief in online rumors) in the cyberpsychology paradigm. Our findings offer evidence for the cross-effect of online or offline predictors on online/offline behaviors opposing nuclear energy. All the variables in the cyberspace paradigm influenced offline opposition, while those in the risk perception paradigm affected online opposition. Moreover, the five online-related risk perception variables played a significant role in moderating the relationships of predictors in the risk perception paradigm with offline opposition.
Keywords	attitudes and opinions ; energy policy ; Internet ; nuclear power ; risk perception ; self-efficacy ; South Korea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0305
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518383-7
ISSN	2071-1050
ISSN	2071-1050
DOI	10.3390/su11051368
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Comparative Analysis of Public Attitudes toward Nuclear Power Energy across 27 European Countries by Applying the Multilevel Model

Wang, Jaesun / Kim, Seoyong

Sustainability. 2018 May 10, v. 10, no. 5

2018

Abstract	Despite its potential risks, nuclear power energy offers some economic benefits including cheap electricity. This benefit clarifies part of the reason why people support nuclear energy. Our research examined whether there was a difference in the acceptance of nuclear energy across 27 European countries in 2009, before the Fukushima accident. In particular, we analyzed how each factor at the individual and contextual level influences the acceptance. To answer this question, we set up the acceptance of nuclear energy as a dependent variable, and 5 perception variables at the individual level and 11 structural ones at the contextual level as independent variables. We executed multilevel modeling by using a Eurobarometer survey, which covered 27 European countries. The analysis results showed that at the individual level, the perceived benefit explained the largest variance of the acceptance, followed by perceived risk and trust. At the contextual level, the share of the energy supply by nuclear power, environmentalism and ideology influenced the acceptance of nuclear energy. This study shows that individuals’ acceptance of nuclear energy is based on individual beliefs and perceptions, but it is also influenced by the institutional and socio-cultural context which each country faces.
Keywords	electricity ; energy ; financial economics ; models ; nuclear power ; people ; public opinion ; risk perception ; surveys ; variance ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0510
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518383-7
ISSN	2071-1050
ISSN	2071-1050
DOI	10.3390/su10051518
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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