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  1. Article ; Online: Journal of Agromedicine "Peer Reviewer of the Year" 2017: Joan D. Flocks.

    Flocks, Joan D

    Journal of agromedicine

    2017  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 68

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1289325-0
    ISSN 1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
    ISSN (online) 1545-0813
    ISSN 1059-924X
    DOI 10.1080/1059924X.2016.1261565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on H-2A Agricultural Workers.

    Flocks, Joan

    Journal of agromedicine

    2020  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 367–369

    Abstract: The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more ... ...

    Abstract The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19 is the H-2A temporary worker population, because they have less control over their physical environments than domestic farmworkers, who may obtain their own housing and transportation. The H-2A program was recently altered at the federal level to ensure a steady flow of essential workers that can protect the nation's food supply during a crisis. Yet, in spite of increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in states with significant H-2A worker populations, the federal rule that temporarily expanded the H-2A program did not address needs to protect workers' health. Although the CDC has developed recommendations for the agricultural industry to safeguard against COVID-19, most health and safety regulation for farmworkers are left to state and local agencies that may lack knowledge or resources to effectively address the needs of a specialized growing workforce such as H-2A workers. More research is needed on the disparate health and safety needs of H-2A workers to assess how policy can be tailored to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus among the population.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture/economics ; Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; Agriculture/statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Farmers/legislation & jurisprudence ; Farmers/psychology ; Farmers/statistics & numerical data ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Transients and Migrants/legislation & jurisprudence ; Transients and Migrants/psychology ; Workforce/legislation & jurisprudence
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1289325-0
    ISSN 1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
    ISSN (online) 1545-0813
    ISSN 1059-924X
    DOI 10.1080/1059924X.2020.1814922
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on H-2A Agricultural Workers

    Flocks, Joan

    Journal of Agromedicine

    2020  , Page(s) 1–3

    Keywords Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Informa UK Limited
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1289325-0
    ISSN 1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
    ISSN (online) 1545-0813
    ISSN 1059-924X
    DOI 10.1080/1059924x.2020.1814922
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on H-2A Agricultural Workers

    Flocks, Joan

    J Agromedicine

    Abstract: The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more ... ...

    Abstract The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19 is the H-2A temporary worker population, because they have less control over their physical environments than domestic farmworkers, who may obtain their own housing and transportation. The H-2A program was recently altered at the federal level to ensure a steady flow of essential workers that can protect the nation's food supply during a crisis. Yet, in spite of increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in states with significant H-2A worker populations, the federal rule that temporarily expanded the H-2A program did not address needs to protect workers' health. Although the CDC has developed recommendations for the agricultural industry to safeguard against COVID-19, most health and safety regulation for farmworkers are left to state and local agencies that may lack knowledge or resources to effectively address the needs of a specialized growing workforce such as H-2A workers. More research is needed on the disparate health and safety needs of H-2A workers to assess how policy can be tailored to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus among the population.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #733460
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on H-2A Agricultural Workers

    Flocks, Joan

    Journal of agromedicine. 2020 Oct. 01, v. 25, no. 4

    2020  

    Abstract: The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more ... ...

    Abstract The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on farmworker communities has been well documented by the media. The virus overlays existing health disparities among farmworkers, but the population is not homogenous. One group of workers that may be even more vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19 is the H-2A temporary worker population, because they have less control over their physical environments than domestic farmworkers, who may obtain their own housing and transportation. The H-2A program was recently altered at the federal level to ensure a steady flow of essential workers that can protect the nation’s food supply during a crisis. Yet, in spite of increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in states with significant H-2A worker populations, the federal rule that temporarily expanded the H-2A program did not address needs to protect workers’ health. Although the CDC has developed recommendations for the agricultural industry to safeguard against COVID-19, most health and safety regulation for farmworkers are left to state and local agencies that may lack knowledge or resources to effectively address the needs of a specialized growing workforce such as H-2A workers. More research is needed on the disparate health and safety needs of H-2A workers to assess how policy can be tailored to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus among the population.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; agricultural industry ; agromedicine ; farm labor ; food availability ; issues and policy ; labor force ; steady flow ; transportation ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-1001
    Size p. 367-369.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1289325-0
    ISSN 1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
    ISSN (online) 1545-0813
    ISSN 1059-924X
    DOI 10.1080/1059924X.2020.1814922
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Pesticide policy and farmworker health.

    Flocks, Joan

    Reviews on environmental health

    2010  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 327–332

    MeSH term(s) Agriculture ; Government Regulation ; Health Policy ; Health Status ; Humans ; Mexico ; Occupational Diseases/chemically induced ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence ; Occupational Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Transients and Migrants ; United States ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
    Chemical Substances Pesticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-03-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184450-7
    ISSN 2191-0308 ; 0048-7554 ; 0048-7562
    ISSN (online) 2191-0308
    ISSN 0048-7554 ; 0048-7562
    DOI 10.1515/reveh.2009.24.4.327
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  7. Article ; Online: An Outbreak of COVID-19 Among H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers.

    Lauzardo, Michael / Kovacevich, Nadia / Dennis, Anthony / Myers, Paul / Flocks, Joan / Morris, J Glenn

    American journal of public health

    2021  Volume 111, Issue 4, Page(s) 571–573

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Agriculture ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Testing ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Florida/epidemiology ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Occupational Health/standards ; Public Health ; Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 121100-6
    ISSN 1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    ISSN (online) 1541-0048
    ISSN 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306082
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Cooling Interventions Among Agricultural Workers: Qualitative Field-Based Study.

    Chicas, Roxana / Xiuhtecutli, Nezahualcoyotl / Dickman, Nathan Eric / Flocks, Joan / Scammell, Madeleine K / Steenland, Kyle / Hertzberg, Vicki / McCauley, Linda

    Hispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 174–181

    Abstract: Introduction: Agricultural workers perform intense labor outside in direct sunlight and in humid environmental conditions exposing them to a high risk of heat-related illness (HRI). To implement effective cooling interventions in occupational settings, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Agricultural workers perform intense labor outside in direct sunlight and in humid environmental conditions exposing them to a high risk of heat-related illness (HRI). To implement effective cooling interventions in occupational settings, it is important to consider workers' perceptions. To date, an analysis of agricultural workers' experience and perception of cooling devices used in the field while working has not been published.
    Methods: Qualitatively data from 61 agricultural workers provided details of their perceptions and experiences with cooling interventions.
    Results: The participants in the bandana group reported the bandana was practical to use at work and did not interfere with their work routine. Cooling vest group participants agreed that the vest was effective at cooling them, but the practicality of using the vest at work was met with mixed reviews.
    Conclusion: The findings of this qualitative study support and extend existing research regarding personal cooling and heat prevention research interventions with vulnerable occupational groups. Personal cooling gear was well received and utilized by the agricultural workers. Sustainable heat prevention studies and governmental protection strategies for occupational heat stress are urgently needed to reduce the risk of heat-related morbidity, mortality, and projected climate change health impacts on outdoor workers.
    MeSH term(s) Climate Change ; Farmers ; Heat Stress Disorders/prevention & control ; Humans ; Qualitative Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ISSN 1938-8993
    ISSN (online) 1938-8993
    DOI 10.1177/1540415321993429
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Risk Factors for Reaching Core Body Temperature Thresholds in Florida Agricultural Workers.

    Mac, Valerie / Elon, Lisa / Mix, Jacqueline / Tovar-Aguilar, Antonio / Flocks, Joan / Economos, Eugenia / Hertzberg, Vicki / McCauley, Linda

    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

    2021  Volume 63, Issue 5, Page(s) 395–402

    Abstract: Background: There is a compelling need to identify agricultural workers at risk for heat related illness (HRI).: Methods: Data from Florida agricultural workers (N = 221) were collected over 3 summer workdays (2015 to 2017) to examine risk factors ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a compelling need to identify agricultural workers at risk for heat related illness (HRI).
    Methods: Data from Florida agricultural workers (N = 221) were collected over 3 summer workdays (2015 to 2017) to examine risk factors for exceeding NIOSH-recommended core temperature (Tc) thresholds (38 °C [Tc38] and 38.5 °C [Tc38.5]) using generalized linear mixed models.
    Results: On an average workday, 49% of participants exceeded Tc38 and 10% exceeded Tc38.5. On average, participants first exceeded both thresholds early in the day; the Tc38 threshold mid-morning (10:38 AM), and Tc38.5 about a half hour later (11:10 AM). Risk factors associated with exceeding Tc38 included years working in US agriculture, body mass index, time performing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, increasing heat index, and field crop work.
    Conclusions: The high prevalence of core temperatures exceeding recommended limits emphasizes the serious need for mandated HRI prevention programs for outdoor workers.
    MeSH term(s) Body Temperature ; Farmers ; Florida/epidemiology ; Heat Stress Disorders/epidemiology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1223932-x
    ISSN 1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
    ISSN (online) 1536-5948
    ISSN 1076-2752
    DOI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002150
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  10. Article ; Online: A modified physiological strain index for workplace-based assessment of heat strain experienced by agricultural workers.

    Mac, Valerie V / Elon, Lisa / Smith, Daniel J / Tovar-Aguilar, Antonio / Economos, Eugenia / Flocks, Joan / Hertzberg, Vicki / McCauley, Linda

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2021  Volume 64, Issue 4, Page(s) 258–265

    Abstract: Background: As global temperatures rise, increasing numbers of individuals will work in hot environments. Interventions to protect their health are critical, as are reliable methods to measure the physiological strain experienced from heat exposure. The ...

    Abstract Background: As global temperatures rise, increasing numbers of individuals will work in hot environments. Interventions to protect their health are critical, as are reliable methods to measure the physiological strain experienced from heat exposure. The physiological strain index (PSI) is a measure of heat strain that relies on heart rate and core temperature but is challenging to calculate in a real-world occupational setting.
    Methods: We modified the PSI for use in field settings where resting temperature and heart rate are not available and used the modified physiological strain index (mPSI) to describe risk factors for high heat strain (mPSI ≥ 7) experienced by agricultural workers in Florida during the summers of 2015 through 2017. mPSI was calculated for 221 workers, yielding 465 days of data.
    Results: A higher heat index (β = 0.185; 95% CI: 0.064, 0.307) and higher levels of physical activity at work (0.033; 95% CI: 0.017, 0.050) were associated with a higher maximum mPSI. More years worked in US agriculture (-0.041; 95% CI: -0.061, -0.020) were protective against a higher maximum mPSI. Out of 23 workdays that a participant experienced a maximum mPSI ≥ 7, 22 were also classified as strained by at least one other measure of high heat strain (core temperature [Tc] >38.5°C, sustained heart rate >(180 - age), and mean heart rate > 115 bpm).
    Conclusions: This study provides critical information on risk factors for elevated heat strain for agricultural workers and suggests a practical approach for using PSI in field-based settings.
    MeSH term(s) Actigraphy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Agriculture ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Exercise ; Farmers/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Florida/epidemiology ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Heat Stress Disorders/epidemiology ; Heat Stress Disorders/etiology ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Physical Exertion/physiology ; Risk Factors ; Work/physiology ; Workplace ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.23230
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