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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Mohammed Sadiq / Stephen Croucher / Debalina Dutta

Vaccines, Vol 11, Iss 1057, p

A Content Analysis of Nigerian YouTube Videos

2023 Volume 1057

Abstract: Vaccination is key to developing herd immunity against COVID-19; however, the attitude of Nigerians towards being vaccinated stalled at the 70% vaccination target. This study engages Theory of Planned Behaviour to analyse the tone of Nigerian YouTube ... ...

Abstract	Vaccination is key to developing herd immunity against COVID-19; however, the attitude of Nigerians towards being vaccinated stalled at the 70% vaccination target. This study engages Theory of Planned Behaviour to analyse the tone of Nigerian YouTube headlines/titles, and the tone of YouTube users’ comments to examine the causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. YouTube videos uploaded between March 2021 and December 2022 were analysed using a content analytic approach. Results show 53.5% of the videos had a positive tone, while 40.5% were negative, and 6% neutral. Second, findings indicate most of the Nigerian YouTube users’ comments were neutral (62.6%), while 32.4%, were negative, and 5% were positive. From the antivaccine themes, analysis shows the people’s lack of trust in the government on vaccines (15.7%) and the presence of vaccine conspiracy theories mostly related to expressions of religion and biotechnology (46.08%) were the main causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria. The study presents implications for theory and recommends ways for governments to develop better vaccination communication strategies.
Keywords	COVID-19 vaccine ; theory of planned behaviour ; health communication ; content analysis ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Employment relations in Europe

Croucher, Richard

International human resource management : contemporary human resources issues in Europe , p. 262-281

2016 , Page(s) 262–281

Author's details	Richard Croucher
Keywords	Arbeitsbeziehungen ; Europa
Language	English
Publisher	Routledge
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Article
ISBN	978-1-138-77602-9 ; 1-138-77602-5
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article: Corporate and private philanthropy in the U.S.A

Croucher, John S

Journal of international business and economics : JIBE Vol. 17, No. 4 , p. 13-18

2017 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 13–18

Author's details	John S. Croucher
Keywords	Philanthropy ; charity ; aid
Language	English
Publisher	IABE
Publishing place	[S.I.]
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2529293-6
ISSN	1544-8037
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article: National and international labour relations in oil and gas trans national corporations in Kazakhstan

Croucher, Richard

International business review : the official journal of the European International Business Academy Vol. 24, No. 6 , p. 948-954

2015 Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 948–954

Author's details	Richard Croucher
Keywords	Central Asia ; Labour relations ; Trans-National Corporations
Language	English
Size	graph. Darst.
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing place	Amsterdam [u.a.]
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1164338-9
ISSN	0969-5931
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Analysing pneumococcal invasiveness using Bayesian models of pathogen progression rates.

Alessandra Løchen / James E Truscott / Nicholas J Croucher

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 18, Iss 2, p e

2022 Volume 1009389

Abstract: The disease burden attributable to opportunistic pathogens depends on their prevalence in asymptomatic colonisation and the rate at which they progress to cause symptomatic disease. Increases in infections caused by commensals can result from the ... ...

Abstract	The disease burden attributable to opportunistic pathogens depends on their prevalence in asymptomatic colonisation and the rate at which they progress to cause symptomatic disease. Increases in infections caused by commensals can result from the emergence of "hyperinvasive" strains. Such pathogens can be identified through quantifying progression rates using matched samples of typed microbes from disease cases and healthy carriers. This study describes Bayesian models for analysing such datasets, implemented in an RStan package (https://github.com/nickjcroucher/progressionEstimation). The models converged on stable fits that accurately reproduced observations from meta-analyses of Streptococcus pneumoniae datasets. The estimates of invasiveness, the progression rate from carriage to invasive disease, in cases per carrier per year correlated strongly with the dimensionless values from meta-analysis of odds ratios when sample sizes were large. At smaller sample sizes, the Bayesian models produced more informative estimates. This identified historically rare but high-risk S. pneumoniae serotypes that could be problematic following vaccine-associated disruption of the bacterial population. The package allows for hypothesis testing through model comparisons with Bayes factors. Application to datasets in which strain and serotype information were available for S. pneumoniae found significant evidence for within-strain and within-serotype variation in invasiveness. The heterogeneous geographical distribution of these genotypes is therefore likely to contribute to differences in the impact of vaccination in between locations. Hence genomic surveillance of opportunistic pathogens is crucial for quantifying the effectiveness of public health interventions, and enabling ongoing meta-analyses that can identify new, highly invasive variants.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Gene expression predicts dormant metastatic breast cancer cell phenotype.

Ren, Qihao / Khoo, Weng Hua / Corr, Alexander P / Phan, Tri Giang / Croucher, Peter I / Stewart, Sheila A

Breast cancer research : BCR

2022 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer can recur months to decades after an initial diagnosis and treatment. The mechanisms that control tumor cell dormancy remain poorly understood, making it difficult to predict which patients will recur and thus benefit from more ...

Abstract	Background: Breast cancer can recur months to decades after an initial diagnosis and treatment. The mechanisms that control tumor cell dormancy remain poorly understood, making it difficult to predict which patients will recur and thus benefit from more rigorous screening and treatments. Unfortunately, the extreme rarity of dormant DTCs has been a major obstacle to their study. Methods: To overcome this challenge, we developed an efficient system to isolate and study rare dormant breast cancer cells from metastatic organs including bones, which represent a major site of metastasis. After isolation of cells from the long bones, we used single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile proliferative and dormant PyMT-Bo1 breast cancer cells. We also compared this signature to dormant versus proliferative tumor cells isolated from the lungs. Finally, we compared our dormant signature to human datasets. Results: We identified a group of genes including Cfh, Gas6, Mme and Ogn that were highly expressed in dormant breast cancer cells present in the bone and lung. Expression of these genes had no impact on dormancy in murine models, but their expression correlated with disease-free survival in primary human breast cancer tumors, suggesting that these genes have predictive value in determining which patients are likely to recur. Conclusions: Dormant breast cancer cells exhibit a distinct gene expression signature regardless of metastatic site. Genes enriched in dormant breast cancer cells correlate with recurrence-free survival in breast cancer patients.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2015059-3
ISSN	1465-542X ; 1465-5411
ISSN (online)	1465-542X
ISSN	1465-5411
DOI	10.1186/s13058-022-01503-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spliceosome mutations are associated with clinical response in a phase 1b/2 study of the PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib in combination with decitabine in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Croucher, Peter J P / Ridinger, Maya / Becker, Pamela S / Lin, Tara L / Silberman, Sandra L / Wang, Eunice S / Zeidan, Amer M

Annals of hematology

2023 Volume 102, Issue 11, Page(s) 3049–3059

Abstract: PLK1 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A phase 1b trial of the PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib (ONV) combined with decitabine (DAC) demonstrated initial safety and efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. The current study ... ...

Abstract	PLK1 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A phase 1b trial of the PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib (ONV) combined with decitabine (DAC) demonstrated initial safety and efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. The current study aimed to identify molecular predictors of response to ONV + DAC in R/R AML patients. A total of 44 R/R AML patients were treated with ONV + DAC and considered evaluable for efficacy. Bone marrow (BM) samples were collected at baseline for genomic and transcriptomic analysis (n = 32). A 10-gene expression signature, predictive of response to ONV + DAC, was derived from the leading-edge genes of gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA). The gene signature was evaluated in independent datasets and used to identify associated mutated genes. Twenty percent of the patients achieved complete remission, with or without hematologic count recovery (CR/CRi), and 32% exhibited a ≥50% reduction in bone marrow blasts. Patients who responded to treatment had elevated mitochondrial function and OXPHOS. The gene signature was not associated with response to DAC alone in an independent dataset. By applying the signature to the BeatAML cohort (n = 399), we identified a positive association between predicted ONV + DAC response and mutations in splicing factors (SF). In the phase 1b/2 trial, patients with SF mutations (SRSF2, SF3B1) had a higher CR/CRi rate (50%) compared to those without SF mutations (9%). PLK1 inhibition with ONV in combination with DAC could be a potential therapy in R/R AML patients, particularly those with high OXPHOS gene expression and SF mutations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Decitabine/therapeutic use ; Spliceosomes ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Mutation ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Piperazines ; Pyrazoles ; Quinazolines
Chemical Substances	Decitabine (776B62CQ27) ; onvansertib (67RM91WDHQ) ; Piperazines ; Pyrazoles ; Quinazolines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1064950-5
ISSN	1432-0584 ; 0939-5555 ; 0945-8077
ISSN (online)	1432-0584
ISSN	0939-5555 ; 0945-8077
DOI	10.1007/s00277-023-05442-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Performance of the Cognitive Performance Scale of the Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) for Detecting Dementia amongst Older Adults in the Community

Susan Gee / Matthew Croucher / Gary Cheung

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 6708, p

2021 Volume 6708

Abstract: The Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) in the widely used interRAI suite of instruments is of interest to clinicians and policy makers as a potential screening mechanism for detecting dementia. However, there has been little evaluation of the CPS in home ... ...

Abstract	The Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) in the widely used interRAI suite of instruments is of interest to clinicians and policy makers as a potential screening mechanism for detecting dementia. However, there has been little evaluation of the CPS in home care settings. This retrospective diagnostic study included 134 older adults (age ≥ 65) who were discharged from two acute psychogeriatric inpatient units or assessed in two memory clinics. The reference test was a diagnosis of clinical dementia, and the index test was interRAI CPS measured within 90 days of discharge. The overall accuracy of the CPS was good, with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.75–0.89). The optimal cut point was 1/2, coinciding with the recommended cut point, with good sensitivity (0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.96) but poor specificity (0.60, 95% CI = 0.46–0.72). Positive predictive value improved from 0.72 (95% CI = 0.66–0.78) to 0.89 (95% CI = 0.75–0.96) when using a cut point of 2/3 instead of 1/2. If the results of the present study are replicated with more generalisable interRAI samples, older adults with a CPS of 3 or above, but without a formal diagnosis of dementia, should be referred for further cognitive assessment.
Keywords	interrail ; dementia ; cognitive assessment ; diagnostic accuracy ; validation studies ; geriatric assessment ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modulation of multidrug-resistant clone success in Escherichia coli populations: a longitudinal, multi-country, genomic and antibiotic usage cohort study.

Pöntinen, Anna K / Gladstone, Rebecca A / Pesonen, Henri / Pesonen, Maiju / Cléon, François / Parcell, Benjamin J / Kallonen, Teemu / Simonsen, Gunnar Skov / Croucher, Nicholas J / McNally, Alan / Parkhill, Julian / Johnsen, Pål J / Samuelsen, Ørjan / Corander, Jukka

The Lancet. Microbe

2024 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) e142–e150

Abstract: ... the proportion of ST69 increased between 2001-10 and 2011-17 (p=0·0004), whereas the proportions of ST73 and ST95 ... isolates in 2002-17; p<0·0001). DDD data indicated higher total use of antimicrobials in the UK, driven ...

Abstract	Background: The effect of antibiotic usage on the success of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones in a population remains unclear. With this genomics-based molecular epidemiology study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of antibiotic use to Escherichia coli clone success, relative to intra-strain competition for colonisation and infection. Methods: We sequenced all the available E coli bloodstream infection isolates provided by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) from 2012 to 2017 (n=718) and combined these with published data from the UK (2001-11; n=1090) and Norway (2002-17; n=3254). Defined daily dose (DDD) data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (retrieved on Sept 21, 2021) for major antibiotic classes (β-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, sulfonamide, quinolone, and non-penicillin β-lactam) were used together with sequence typing, resistance profiling, regression analysis, and non-neutral Wright-Fisher simulation-based modelling to enable systematic comparison of resistance levels, clone success, and antibiotic usage between the UK and Norway. Findings: Sequence type (ST)73, ST131, ST95, and ST69 accounted for 892 (49·3%) of 1808 isolates in the BSAC collection. In the UK, the proportion of ST69 increased between 2001-10 and 2011-17 (p=0·0004), whereas the proportions of ST73 and ST95 did not vary between periods. ST131 expanded quickly after its emergence in 2003 and its prevalence remained consistent throughout the study period (apart from a brief decrease in 2009-10). The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-carrying, globally disseminated MDR clone ST131-C2 showed overall greater success in the UK (154 [56·8%] of 271 isolates in 2003-17) compared with Norway (51 [18·3%] of 278 isolates in 2002-17; p<0·0001). DDD data indicated higher total use of antimicrobials in the UK, driven mainly by the class of non-penicillin β-lactams, which were used between 2·7-times and 5·1-times more in the UK per annum (ratio mean 3·7 [SD 0·8]). This difference was associated with the higher success of the MDR clone ST131-C2 (pseudo-R Interpretation: Our study indicates that resistance profiles of contemporaneously successful clones can vary substantially, warranting caution in the interpretation of correlations between aggregate measures of resistance and antibiotic usage. Our study further suggests that in countries with low-to-moderate use of antibiotics, such as the UK and Norway, the extent of non-penicillin β-lactam use modulates rather than determines the success of widely disseminated MDR ESBL-carrying E coli clones. Detailed understanding of underlying causal drivers of success is important for improved control of resistant pathogens. Funding: Trond Mohn Foundation, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Research Council, Royal Society, and Wellcome Trust.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Genomics ; beta-Lactams/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; beta-Lactams
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00292-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Onvansertib in Combination with FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab in Second-Line Treatment of KRAS-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Phase Ib Clinical Study.

Ahn, Daniel H / Barzi, Afsaneh / Ridinger, Maya / Samuëlsz, Errin / Subramanian, Ramanand A / Croucher, Peter J P / Smeal, Tod / Kabbinavar, Fairooz F / Lenz, Heinz-Josef

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

2024 Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 2039–2047

Abstract: ... and Bullock, p. 2005. ...

Abstract	Purpose: Onvansertib is a highly specific inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), with demonstrated safety in solid tumors. We evaluated, preclinically and clinically, the potential of onvansertib in combination with chemotherapy as a therapeutic option for KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Patients and methods: Preclinical activity of onvansertib was assessed (i) in vitro in KRAS wild-type and -mutant isogenic colorectal cancer cells and (ii) in vivo, in combination with irinotecan, in a KRAS-mutant xenograft model. Clinically, a phase Ib trial was conducted to investigate onvansertib at doses 12, 15, and 18 mg/m2 (days 1-5 and 14-19 of a 28-day cycle) in combination with FOLFIRI/bevacizumab (days 1 and 15) in patients with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer who had prior oxaliplatin exposure. Safety, efficacy, and changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were assessed. Results: In preclinical models, onvansertib displayed superior activity in KRAS-mutant than wild-type isogenic colorectal cancer cells and demonstrated potent antitumor activity in combination with irinotecan in vivo. Eighteen patients enrolled in the phase Ib study. Onvansertib recommended phase II dose was established at 15 mg/m2. Grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AE) represented 15% of all treatment-related AEs, with neutropenia being the most common. Partial responses were observed in 44% of patients, with a median duration of response of 9.5 months. Early ctDNA dynamics were predictive of treatment efficacy. Conclusions: Onvansertib combined with FOLIFRI/bevacizumab exhibited manageable safety and promising efficacy in second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. Further exploration of this combination therapy is ongoing. See related commentary by Stebbing and Bullock, p. 2005.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Bevacizumab/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Leucovorin/administration & dosage ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics ; Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives ; Camptothecin/administration & dosage ; Camptothecin/therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Fluorouracil/administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Animals ; Aged ; Mutation ; Mice ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Adult ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Treatment Outcome ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Clinical Trial, Phase I
ZDB-ID	1225457-5
ISSN	1557-3265 ; 1078-0432
ISSN (online)	1557-3265
ISSN	1078-0432
DOI	10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-3053
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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