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Article ; Online: Assessment of the Correlation Between Inflammatory Status and Severity of COVID-19: Experience from Tertiary Hospital in Iraq.

Mulakhudair, Ali R / Naser, Mariam Sabah / Akour, Amal / Kh, Almurtadha Mula

2023 Volume 80, Issue 9, Page(s) 283

Abstract: As COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly hit the health systems of many countries, thus, the assessment of disease severity and its correlation with clinical and biochemical markers has become a necessity. These predictors can help in the diagnostics and ... ...

Abstract	As COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly hit the health systems of many countries, thus, the assessment of disease severity and its correlation with clinical and biochemical markers has become a necessity. These predictors can help in the diagnostics and therapeutics of COVID_19 and future viral respiratory tract infections. This was a cross-sectional study to assess the association between inflammatory makers and chronic conditions on computed tomography (CT) severity score, and D-dimer as a surrogate marker of disease severity. The results showed that inflammatory markers, age, were positively and significantly correlated with D-dimer, but inversely with oxygen saturation (SPO2). CT score showed similar pattern with exception of C-reactive protein. Vaccines had positive impact on CT severity score and Neutrophil to lymphocyte ration. These favorable outcomes provide us with affirmation regarding WHO and other international organizations that encourage people to take vaccines and especially patients, who suffer chronic diseases. The ramifications of the results are vast and pave the pathway to manage and assess COVID-19 patients in Iraq healthcare facilities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iraq/epidemiology ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134238-1
ISSN	1432-0991 ; 0343-8651
ISSN (online)	1432-0991
ISSN	0343-8651
DOI	10.1007/s00284-023-03407-9
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Article ; Online: Treatment-related problems in neonates receiving parenteral nutrition: risk factors and implications for practice.

Akour, Amal / Gharaibeh, Lobna / El Khatib, Omar / Hammour, Khawla Abu / AlTaher, Noor / AbuRuz, Salah / Barakat, Muna

BMC pediatrics

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 4

Abstract: Objectives: Parenteral nutrition (PN) can be associated with several treatment-related problems (TRPs) and complications in neonatal settings. Thus, understanding the extent and type of these problems and related factors is pivotal to prevent negative ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Parenteral nutrition (PN) can be associated with several treatment-related problems (TRPs) and complications in neonatal settings. Thus, understanding the extent and type of these problems and related factors is pivotal to prevent negative consequences of these preparations. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess factors affecting TRPs in neonatal patients receiving PN. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of neonates receiving PN in NICU and other wards. We collected their demographics, and laboratory workup. TRPs related to PN preparations as well as their pharmacotherapy were the primary outcomes. Results: Medical charts of 96 neonate were reviewed. The most encountered TRPs related to patients' pharmacotherapy were the lack of frequent monitoring (34.2%) and low dose (17.5%). For PN-related TPRs, a mismatch between patients' nutritional needs and PN composition was observed in third of the patients. Statistically significant positive correlations between number of medications during hospital stay and number of reported TRPs [(r = 0.275, p < 0.01) and (r = 0.532, p < 0.001)] were observed. Conclusion: In neonates who receive parenteral nutrition (PN), TRPs are often observed. These problems primarily arise from issues in patients' pharmacotherapy, namely monitoring and dosing. Identifying the risk factors for these TRPs emphasizes the full and effective integration of clinical pharmacists into the healthcare team, which can serve as a potential preventive strategy to lower the occurrence of TRPs.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041342-7
ISSN	1471-2431 ; 1471-2431
ISSN (online)	1471-2431
ISSN	1471-2431
DOI	10.1186/s12887-023-04477-1
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Article: Information sources, attitudes, and practices of Self-Medication by Jordanian patients: A cross-sectional study.

Al-Qerem, Walid / Bargooth, Afnan / Jarab, Anan / Akour, Amal / Abu Heshmeh, Shrouq

Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

2023 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 482–491

Abstract: Background and objective: Self-medication (SM) has significantly increased worldwide in the past decades, which may have detrimental health consequences including antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interaction, and dependency. ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Self-medication (SM) has significantly increased worldwide in the past decades, which may have detrimental health consequences including antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interaction, and dependency. Although several studies have evaluated the extent of SM, such studies are still limited in Jordan. The aim of this study was to explore sources of SM information, attitudes toward SM and the practice of SM and its associated factors. Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study was collected between February and July 2022. A validated questionnaire was distributed to patients attending pharmacies from different locations in Jordan. The survey evaluated sources of information and attitudes toward SM, extent of SM practice, and attitudes towards SM, symptoms that the participants treat with SM and those that usually requires medical doctor consolation, followed by questions about the classes of medications mostly used for SM and the reasons for SM. Results and discussion: The study enrolled 695 Jordanian adults. The most reported indications for SM included headache (86.9 %), flu (76.4 %), and fever (69.6 %). The most common causes for SM included previous knowledge about the diseases and its treatments (84.2 %), and full knowledge of the medicine to be purchased (55.2 %). Results of the ordinal regression showed that physician counseling frequency was positively and significantly associated with "not being on chronic medication" (p-value = 0.001), and having a positive SM attitude level (p-value = 0.019), while negatively correlated with being in medical field (p-value < 0.001), having no children (p-value = 0.009), and relaying on non-scientific sources to obtain information for SM (p-value = 0.014). The frequency of SM practice was positively associated with being in medical field (p-value < 0.001, having no insurance (p-value < 0.001), and relaying on nonscientific sources (p-value = 0.017). Lastly, having a positive SM attitude level (p-value < 0.001) and not being on chronic medications (p-value = 0.007) were associated with decreased SM practice. Conclusion: The study participants demonstrated increased SM practice due to the wrong perceptions toward SM and the reliance on non-scientific source of information about SM practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378024-4
ISSN	1319-0164
ISSN	1319-0164
DOI	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.015
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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitudes, ethical and social perspectives towards fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) among Jordanian healthcare providers.

Al-Bakri, Amal G / Akour, Amal A / Al-Delaimy, Wael K

BMC medical ethics

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 19

Abstract: Background: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a treatment modality that involves the introduction of stool from a healthy pre-screened donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient. It exerts its therapeutic effects by remodeling the gut ... ...

Abstract	Background: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a treatment modality that involves the introduction of stool from a healthy pre-screened donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient. It exerts its therapeutic effects by remodeling the gut microbiota and treating microbial dysbiosis-imbalance. FMT is not regulated in Jordan, and regulatory effort for FMT therapy in Jordan, an Islamic conservative country, might be faced with unique cultural, social, religious, and ethical challenges. We aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of ethical and social issues of FMT use among Jordanian healthcare professionals. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study design was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of ethical and social issues of FMT among 300 Jordanian healthcare professionals. Results: A large proportion (39 %) thought that the safety and efficacy of this technique are limited and 29.3 % thought there is no evidence to support its use. Almost all (95 %) responded that they would only perform it in certain cases, if ethically justified, and 48.3 % would use it due to treatment failure of other approaches. When reporting about reasons for not using it, 40 % reported that they would not perform it due to concerns about medical litigation, fear of infections (38 %), and lack of knowledge of long safety and efficacy (31.3 %). Interestingly, all practitioners said they would perform this procedure through the lower rather than upper gastrointestinal tract modality and the majority will protect the patient's confidentiality via double-blinding (43.3 %). For a subset of participants (n = 100), the cultural constraints that might affect the choice of performing FMT were mainly due to donor's religion, followed by dietary intake, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Our healthcare practitioners are generally reluctant to use the FMT modality due to religious and ethical reasons but would consider it if there was a failure of other treatment and after taking into consideration many legislative, social, ethical and practice-based challenges including safety, efficacy and absence of guidelines.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/ethics ; Feces ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Microbiota
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2041552-7
ISSN	1472-6939 ; 1472-6939
ISSN (online)	1472-6939
ISSN	1472-6939
DOI	10.1186/s12910-021-00587-6
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Article: Canagliflozin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Autistic-like Features in Valproic-Acid-Induced Autism in Rats: Comparison with Aripiprazole Action.

Nakhal, Mohammed Moutaz / Jayaprakash, Petrilla / Aburuz, Salahdein / Sadek, Bassem / Akour, Amal

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 16, Issue 5

Abstract: Based on their proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, recent studies have examined the therapeutic potential of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ... ...

Abstract	Based on their proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, recent studies have examined the therapeutic potential of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of subchronic systemic treatment with intraperitoneal (i.p.) canagliflozin (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg) compared to aripiprazole (ARP) (3 mg/g, i.p.) in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of autism. The behavioral characteristics of ASD, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rats with ASD-like behaviors, which were induced by prenatal exposure to VPA, were evaluated. The behavioral assessment methods used for this study were the open field test (OFT), the marble-burying test (MBT), and the nestlet-shredding test (NST) to examine their exploratory, anxiety, and compulsiveness-like actions, while the biochemical assessment used for this study was an ELISA colorimetric assay to measure ASD biomarker activity in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. Rats that were pretreated with 100 mg/kg of canagliflozin displayed a significantly lower percentage of shredding (1.12 ± 0.6%,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2193542-7
ISSN	1424-8247
ISSN	1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph16050769
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Article: A swaying between successive pandemic waves and pandemic fatigue: Where does Jordan stand?

Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B / Tarhini, Zeinab / Akour, Amal

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2021 Volume 65, Page(s) 102298

Abstract: This article highlights the main aspects of Jordan's public health response in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it briefly describes the main characteristics of the pandemic waves. Although Jordan has successfully implemented various stringent ... ...

Abstract	This article highlights the main aspects of Jordan's public health response in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it briefly describes the main characteristics of the pandemic waves. Although Jordan has successfully implemented various stringent control measures at the early stage of the pandemic which resulted in a slow pace of COVID-19 spread in the country, the dramatic and sudden surge in COVID-19 cases and deaths since September 2020 raises many concerns and questionable debates regarding the effectiveness of Jordan's COVID-19 mitigation strategies, the earlier epidemiological surveillance process, decision-making and decisions' execution at various sectors, as well as the degree of commitment to precautionary measures among the general population. Jordan has passed through three distinct pandemic stages so far, and each stage provides lessons that can be used to improve the national preparedness and response plan in the future. This pandemic has afflicted most life domains; thus, sharing the responsibility and efforts between the government and people in combating it, is expected to be more efficient and effective than a one-sided response. Pandemic fatigue can act as a major risk factor for losing such a battle. The people of Jordan have been already through an unforgettable 2020 year that impacted them physically, emotionally, and even financially. Therefore, reliable actions should be considered by the decision-makers to provide sufficient support for the society. Also, strengthening the government-public partnership is a cornerstone for a successful, solid, and effective public health response, especially in times of an exhaustive pandemic crisis like the COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102298
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Article: The Safety and Effectiveness of Apixaban in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease on Dialysis: A Retrospective Observational Study.

El Nekidy, Wasim / Abidi, Emna / Nabil, Said / Kendakji, Saba / Ali, Moatasem / Aburuz, Salahdein / Atallah, Bassam / Hijazi, Fadi / Mallat, Jihad / Akour, Amal

Journal of clinical medicine

2024 Volume 13, Issue 5

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm13051351
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Article ; Online: Repurposing SGLT2 Inhibitors for Neurological Disorders: A Focus on the Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Nakhal, Mohammed Moutaz / Aburuz, Salahdein / Sadek, Bassem / Akour, Amal

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 21

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantially increasing incidence rate. It is characterized by repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, deficits in social communication, and interactions. Numerous medications, ... ...

Abstract	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantially increasing incidence rate. It is characterized by repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, deficits in social communication, and interactions. Numerous medications, dietary supplements, and behavioral treatments have been recommended for the management of this condition, however, there is no cure yet. Recent studies have examined the therapeutic potential of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in neurodevelopmental diseases, based on their proved anti-inflammatory effects, such as downregulating the expression of several proteins, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1). Furthermore, numerous previous studies revealed the potential of the SGLT2 inhibitors to provide antioxidant effects, due to their ability to reduce the generation of free radicals and upregulating the antioxidant systems, such as glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB). These properties have led to significant improvements in the neurologic outcomes of multiple experimental disease models, including cerebral oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and epilepsy. Such diseases have mutual biomarkers with ASD, which potentially could be a link to fill the gap of the literature studying the potential of repurposing the SGLT2 inhibitors' use in ameliorating the symptoms of ASD. This review will look at the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodevelopmental disorders on the various models, including humans, rats, and mice, with a focus on the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin. Furthermore, this review will discuss how SGLT2 inhibitors regulate the ASD biomarkers, based on the clinical evidence supporting their functions as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Rats ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Biomarkers ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Hypoglycemic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27217174
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and predictors of self-medication drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19: Experience from a Middle Eastern country.

Elayeh, Eman / Akour, Amal / Haddadin, Randa N

International journal of clinical practice

2021 Volume 75, Issue 11, Page(s) e14860

Abstract: Background: The lack of definitive cure for COVID-19 and the late introduction of a vaccine were responsible to push the general public to look for a remedy to treat or prevent COVID-19. The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns and factors ... ...

Abstract	Background: The lack of definitive cure for COVID-19 and the late introduction of a vaccine were responsible to push the general public to look for a remedy to treat or prevent COVID-19. The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns and factors that affect self-medication practices in Jordan during the pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire that was developed, piloted and distributed to the general public via various social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed the type of drugs and treatments used to self-medicate, the reasons behind their self-medication, and the factors affecting their practices. Results: A total of 1179 participants (females 46.4%) with a mean age of 32 (SD = 12.5) completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of the use of at least one product to treat or prevent COVID-19 was 80.4%. The most commonly used products to self-medicate were vitamin C (57.6%), followed by paracetamol (51.9%), zinc (44.8%) and vitamin D (32.5%). Female gender (odds ratio [OR]) = 1.603, working in the medical field (OR = 1.697), and history of COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.026) were variables associated with self-medication. The most common sources of participants' information about drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 were newspapers (n = 519, 44.0%), followed by pharmacists (43.4%), friends (33.8%) and internet searching such as Google (30.7%). Conclusion: This study identified the main drugs and supplements used during COVID-19 and the motives behind their use. It also identified the most influential source of information on the public during the pandemic. Self-medication can lead to worsening of the patient's health and delay seeking medical advice from healthcare professionals. Efforts should be done to help mitigate risks of self-medications by active involvement of pharmacists and other members of healthcare team to refute false claims about drug, especially in the media.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-19
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1386246-7
ISSN	1742-1241 ; 1368-5031
ISSN (online)	1742-1241
ISSN	1368-5031
DOI	10.1111/ijcp.14860
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Article ; Online: Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets.

Arafat, Mosab / Sakkal, Molham / Bostanudin, Mohammad F / Alhanbali, Othman Abdulrahim / Yuvaraju, Priya / Beiram, Rami / Sadek, Bassem / Akour, Amal / AbuRuz, Salahdein

F1000Research

2023 Volume 12, Page(s) 1325

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Pantoprazole ; Drug Liberation ; Excipients/chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets ; Stomach
Chemical Substances	Pantoprazole (D8TST4O562) ; Excipients ; Tablets
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.140607.1
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