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Article ; Online: Predator Performance and Fitness Is Dictated by Herbivore Prey Type Plus Indirect Effects of their Host Plant.

Ugine, Todd A / Gill, Harsimran K / Hernandez, Nicolo / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T / Losey, John E

2021 Volume 47, Issue 10-11, Page(s) 877–888

Abstract: Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. ... ...

Abstract	Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. However, beetles redressed this deficit by eating fava bean leaves. In the current study we used Coccinella septempunctata as a model to test the hypotheses that pea aphids are a poor sterol resource independent of their host plant, and that fava beans produce low quality prey regardless of aphid species. Additionally, we tested the reproductive rescue capacity of alfalfa and barley foliage compared to fava, and profiled the sterols of phloem exudates, foliage, and aphids reared on these different hosts. Beetle fecundity and egg viability was significantly better when provided pea aphids reared on alfalfa (compared to fava beans) and green peach aphids reared on fava plants. Alfalfa and barley leaves were not consumed by beetles and did not support beetle reproduction. The sterol profile of aphids largely reflected their host plant phloem. However, green peach aphids from fava acquired 125-times more sterol than pea aphids from fava. Our findings show how the sterol content of different host-plants can affect the third trophic level. Our results suggest that 1) prey quality varies depending on prey species, even when they occur on the same plant, 2) plant species can mediate prey quality, 3) host plant-mediated effects on prey quality partially drive omnivory, and 4) diet-mixing benefits growth and reproduction by redressing micronutrient deficits.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Aphids/growth & development ; Aphids/physiology ; Coleoptera/physiology ; Fertility ; Food Chain ; Herbivory ; Phloem/chemistry ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity ; Vicia faba
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800130-3
ISSN	1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
ISSN (online)	1573-1561
ISSN	0098-0331
DOI	10.1007/s10886-021-01251-4
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Article: Predator Performance and Fitness Is Dictated by Herbivore Prey Type Plus Indirect Effects of their Host Plant

Ugine, Todd A. / Gill, Harsimran K. / Hernandez, Nicolo / Grebenok, Robert J. / Behmer, Spencer T. / Losey, John E.

Journal of chemical ecology. 2021 Nov., v. 47, no. 10-11

2021

Abstract	Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. However, beetles redressed this deficit by eating fava bean leaves. In the current study we used Coccinella septempunctata as a model to test the hypotheses that pea aphids are a poor sterol resource independent of their host plant, and that fava beans produce low quality prey regardless of aphid species. Additionally, we tested the reproductive rescue capacity of alfalfa and barley foliage compared to fava, and profiled the sterols of phloem exudates, foliage, and aphids reared on these different hosts. Beetle fecundity and egg viability was significantly better when provided pea aphids reared on alfalfa (compared to fava beans) and green peach aphids reared on fava plants. Alfalfa and barley leaves were not consumed by beetles and did not support beetle reproduction. The sterol profile of aphids largely reflected their host plant phloem. However, green peach aphids from fava acquired 125-times more sterol than pea aphids from fava. Our findings show how the sterol content of different host-plants can affect the third trophic level. Our results suggest that 1) prey quality varies depending on prey species, even when they occur on the same plant, 2) plant species can mediate prey quality, 3) host plant-mediated effects on prey quality partially drive omnivory, and 4) diet-mixing benefits growth and reproduction by redressing micronutrient deficits.
Keywords	Coccinella septempunctata ; alfalfa ; barley ; chemical ecology ; eggs ; faba beans ; fecundity ; herbivores ; host plants ; leaves ; omnivores ; peaches ; peas ; phloem ; prey species ; sterols ; trophic levels ; viability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 877-888.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	800130-3
ISSN	1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
ISSN (online)	1573-1561
ISSN	0098-0331
DOI	10.1007/s10886-021-01251-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Role of Soil Solarization in India: How an Unnoticed Practice Could Support Pest Control.

Gill, Harsimran K / Aujla, Iqbal S / De Bellis, Luigi / Luvisi, Andrea

Frontiers in plant science

2017 Volume 8, Page(s) 1515

Abstract: Plant protection represents one of the strategies to fill the yield gap and to achieve food security, a key topic for India development. Analysis of climate risks for crops indicates that South Asia is one of the regions most exposed to the adverse ... ...

Abstract	Plant protection represents one of the strategies to fill the yield gap and to achieve food security, a key topic for India development. Analysis of climate risks for crops indicates that South Asia is one of the regions most exposed to the adverse impact on many plants that are relevant to inhabitants exposed to food safety risks. Furthermore, accumulation of pesticide residues in the aquatic and other ecosystems is becoming a significant threat in India. These perspectives require to develop programs of crop protection that can be feasible according to Indian rural development and pollution policy. Here we review the research works done on soil solarization in India. Soil solarization (also called plasticulture) is an eco-friendly soil disinfestations method for managing soil-borne plant pathogens. This is the process of trapping solar energy by moist soil covered with transparent polyethylene films and chemistry, biology and physical properties of soil are involved in pest control. So far, this technique is applied in more than 50 countries, mostly in hot and humid regions. India has 29 states and these states fall under five climatic zones, from humid to arid ones. We report pest management application in different climatic zones and their effects on production, weeds, nematodes, and pathogenic microorganisms. The analysis of soil temperatures and crop protection results indicate as environmental requirement for soil solarization fits in most of Indian rural areas. Soil solarization is compatible with future Indian scenarios and may support Indian national food security programs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2017.01515
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Article: The Distribution of Phytoplasmas in South and East Asia: An Emerging Threat to Grapevine Cultivation.

Pierro, Roberto / Semeraro, Teodoro / Luvisi, Andrea / Garg, Harsh / Vergine, Marzia / De Bellis, Luigi / Gill, Harsimran K

Frontiers in plant science

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 1108

Abstract: Grapevine is largely cultivated in several parts of the world, and a spurt in its cultivation has occurred in the last two decades in grapevine cultivated areas of South and East Asia, mainly in China, India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. ... ...

Abstract	Grapevine is largely cultivated in several parts of the world, and a spurt in its cultivation has occurred in the last two decades in grapevine cultivated areas of South and East Asia, mainly in China, India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. Grapevine yellows (GY) represent one of the most important diseases in viticultural areas of the world, and they have been assigned to five different groups: aster yellows [AY (16SrI)], peanut witches' broom [PnWB (16SrII)], X-disease (16SrIII), elm yellows [EY (16SrV)], and Stolbur (16SrXII). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the presence of phytoplasma strains and their vectors associated with GY complex, and their potential impact on viticulture of the South and East Asia. In general, both AY and EY were reported on several herbaceous plants and/or cultivated plants in South and East Asia, along with its vectors that were largely reported in China and sporadically in Japan. Interestingly, AY and EY are yet not found in South and East Asia grapevine regions; however, their presence on different plant species suggests the potential spread of the pathogens that may occur in grapevine regions in the near future. Additionally, a few reports also suggest the presence of Stolbur group in Asian countries, along with one study that found a Stolbur-related strain in China on
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2019.01108
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Article: Effect of Integrating Soil Solarization and Organic Mulching on the Soil Surface Insect Community

Gill, Harsimran K / McSorley, Robert

Florida entomologist. 2010 June, v. 93, no. 2

2010

Keywords	plant pests ; weeds ; insect pests ; weed control ; insect control ; biological control ; cultural control ; mulching ; mulches ; organic matter ; soil solarization ; soil heating ; plastic film ; row covers ; pest management ; integrated pest management ; risk assessment ; adverse effects ; nontarget organisms ; beneficial insects ; insect surveys ; insect ecology ; population ecology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-06
Size	p. 308-309.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1439588-5
ISSN	0015-4040
ISSN	0015-4040
DOI	10.1653/024.093.0224
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effect of organic mulches on soil surface insects and other arthropods

Gill, Harsimran K / McSorley, Robert / Branham, Marc

Florida entomologist. 2011 June, v. 94, no. 2

2011

Abstract: Four different types of organic mulches were evaluated for their effects on soil surface insects and related arthropods. Field experiments were conducted in fall 2007 and 2008 nearCitra, Florida. In both the years, five treatments were compared: cowpea ( ... ...

Abstract	Four different types of organic mulches were evaluated for their effects on soil surface insects and related arthropods. Field experiments were conducted in fall 2007 and 2008 nearCitra, Florida. In both the years, five treatments were compared: cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mulch, sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) mulch, sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor Moench ×S. sudanense ((Piper)] Stapf) mulch, pine bark nuggets, and unmulchedcontrol. Data were collected on insects and other arthropods using pitfall traps. Results indicate that organic mulches can affect a wide range of different insects. Diptera, dominated by Asyndetus spp. (Dolichopodidae), were most dense in pine bark plots in both years. Populations of small plant-feeding insects such as Aphididae, Thripidae, and Aleyrodidae were most dense in cowpea and unmulched control plots in one season. It is possible that these insects were affected by weed growth in cowpea and control plots. Ants, which tend or feed on small plant feeders, were fairly abundant in these plots as well, as were predatory beetles. Some groups, such as Collembola (mainly Isotomidae), spiders, and Orthoptera (Acrididae and Gryllidae) were unaffected by mulches.
Keywords	Acrididae ; Aleyrodidae ; Aphididae ; Araneae ; Coleoptera ; Crotalaria juncea ; Dolichopodidae ; Formicidae ; Gryllidae ; Isotomidae ; Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii ; Thripidae ; Vigna unguiculata ; arthropods ; bark ; cowpeas ; field experimentation ; mulches ; phytophagous insects ; pitfall traps ; soil ; weeds ; Florida
Language	English
Size	p. 226-232.
Publishing place	Florida Entomological Society
Document type	Article
Note	Summary in Spanish.
ZDB-ID	1439588-5
ISSN	0015-4040
ISSN	0015-4040
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Interferon Alpha Induces Sustained Changes in NK Cell Responsiveness to Hepatitis B Viral Load Suppression In Vivo.

Gill, Upkar S / Peppa, Dimitra / Micco, Lorenzo / Singh, Harsimran D / Carey, Ivana / Foster, Graham R / Maini, Mala K / Kennedy, Patrick T F

PLoS pathogens

2016 Volume 12, Issue 8, Page(s) e1005788

Abstract: NK cells are important antiviral effectors, highly enriched in the liver, with the potential to regulate immunopathogenesis in persistent viral infections. Here we examined whether changes in the NK pool are induced when patients with eAg-positive CHB ... ...

Abstract	NK cells are important antiviral effectors, highly enriched in the liver, with the potential to regulate immunopathogenesis in persistent viral infections. Here we examined whether changes in the NK pool are induced when patients with eAg-positive CHB are 'primed' with PegIFNα and importantly, whether these changes are sustained or further modulated long-term after switching to nucleos(t)ides (sequential NUC therapy), an approach currently tested in the clinic. Longitudinal sampling of a prospectively recruited cohort of patients with eAg+CHB showed that the cumulative expansion of CD56bright NK cells driven by 48-weeks of PegIFNα was maintained at higher than baseline levels throughout the subsequent 9 months of sequential NUCs. Unexpectedly, PegIFNα-expanded NK cells showed further augmentation in their expression of the activating NK cell receptors NKp30 and NKp46 during sequential NUCs. The expansion in proliferating, functional NK cells was more pronounced following sequential NUCs than in comparison cohorts of patients treated with de novo NUCs or PegIFNα only. Reduction in circulating HBsAg concentrations, a key goal in the path towards functional cure of CHB, was only achieved in those patients with enhancement of NK cell IFNγ and cytotoxicity but decrease in their expression of the death ligand TRAIL. In summary, we conclude that PegIFNα priming can expand a population of functional NK cells with an altered responsiveness to subsequent antiviral suppression by NUCs. Patients on sequential NUCs with a distinct NK cell profile show a decline in HBsAg, providing mechanistic insights for the further optimisation of treatment strategies to achieve sustained responses in CHB.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Hepatitis B/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B/immunology ; Hepatitis B/pathology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/pathology ; Male ; Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1/immunology ; Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3/immunology ; Prospective Studies ; Viral Load/immunology
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Interferon-alpha ; NCR1 protein, human ; NCR3 protein, human ; Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 ; Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2205412-1
ISSN	1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
ISSN (online)	1553-7374
ISSN	1553-7374
DOI	10.1371/journal.ppat.1005788
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: TRAIL regulatory receptors constrain human hepatic stellate cell apoptosis.

Singh, Harsimran D / Otano, Itziar / Rombouts, Krista / Singh, Kasha P / Peppa, Dimitra / Gill, Upkar S / Böttcher, Katrin / Kennedy, Patrick T F / Oben, Jude / Pinzani, Massimo / Walczak, Henning / Fusai, Giuseppe / Rosenberg, William M C / Maini, Mala K

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 5514

Abstract: The TRAIL pathway can mediate apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells to promote the resolution of liver fibrosis. However, TRAIL has the capacity to bind to regulatory receptors in addition to death-inducing receptors; their differential roles in liver ... ...

Abstract	The TRAIL pathway can mediate apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells to promote the resolution of liver fibrosis. However, TRAIL has the capacity to bind to regulatory receptors in addition to death-inducing receptors; their differential roles in liver fibrosis have not been investigated. Here we have dissected the contribution of regulatory TRAIL receptors to apoptosis resistance in primary human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC). hHSC isolated from healthy margins of liver resections from different donors expressed variable levels of TRAIL-R2/3/4 (but negligible TRAIL-R1) ex vivo and after activation. The apoptotic potential of TRAIL-R2 on hHSC was confirmed by lentiviral-mediated knockdown. A functional inhibitory role for TRAIL-R3/4 was revealed by shRNA knockdown and mAb blockade, showing that these regulatory receptors limit apoptosis of hHSC in response to both oligomerised TRAIL and NK cells. A close inverse ex vivo correlation between hHSC TRAIL-R4 expression and susceptibility to apoptosis underscored its central regulatory role. Our data provide the first demonstration of non-redundant functional roles for the regulatory TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R3/4) in a physiological setting. The potential for these inhibitory TRAIL receptors to protect hHSC from apoptosis opens new avenues for prognostic and therapeutic approaches to the management of liver fibrosis.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics ; GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/cytology ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Liver/cytology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c/genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c/metabolism ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; TNFRSF10B protein, human ; TNFRSF10C protein, human ; TNFRSF10D protein, human ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-05845-5
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Article: Mulch as a Potential Management Strategy for Lesser Cornstalk Borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Gill, Harsimran K / McSorley, Robert / Goyal, Gaurav / Webb, Susan E

Florida entomologist. 2010 June, v. 93, no. 2

2010

Keywords	green beans ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; plant pests ; insect pests ; Elasmopalpus lignosellus ; insect control ; cultural control ; mulches ; mulching ; Crotalaria juncea ; weeds ; vegetation cover ; protective effect ; vegetative growth ; mortality ; plant-insect relations ; risk assessment ; adverse effects ; nontarget organisms ; population ecology ; plant ecology ; Florida
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-06
Size	p. 183-190.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1439588-5
ISSN	0015-4040
ISSN	0015-4040
DOI	10.1653/024.093.0206
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Interferon Alpha Induces Sustained Changes in NK Cell Responsiveness to Hepatitis B Viral Load Suppression In Vivo.

Upkar S Gill / Dimitra Peppa / Lorenzo Micco / Harsimran D Singh / Ivana Carey / Graham R Foster / Mala K Maini / Patrick T F Kennedy

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 8, p e

2016 Volume 1005788

Abstract	NK cells are important antiviral effectors, highly enriched in the liver, with the potential to regulate immunopathogenesis in persistent viral infections. Here we examined whether changes in the NK pool are induced when patients with eAg-positive CHB are 'primed' with PegIFNα and importantly, whether these changes are sustained or further modulated long-term after switching to nucleos(t)ides (sequential NUC therapy), an approach currently tested in the clinic. Longitudinal sampling of a prospectively recruited cohort of patients with eAg+CHB showed that the cumulative expansion of CD56bright NK cells driven by 48-weeks of PegIFNα was maintained at higher than baseline levels throughout the subsequent 9 months of sequential NUCs. Unexpectedly, PegIFNα-expanded NK cells showed further augmentation in their expression of the activating NK cell receptors NKp30 and NKp46 during sequential NUCs. The expansion in proliferating, functional NK cells was more pronounced following sequential NUCs than in comparison cohorts of patients treated with de novo NUCs or PegIFNα only. Reduction in circulating HBsAg concentrations, a key goal in the path towards functional cure of CHB, was only achieved in those patients with enhancement of NK cell IFNγ and cytotoxicity but decrease in their expression of the death ligand TRAIL. In summary, we conclude that PegIFNα priming can expand a population of functional NK cells with an altered responsiveness to subsequent antiviral suppression by NUCs. Patients on sequential NUCs with a distinct NK cell profile show a decline in HBsAg, providing mechanistic insights for the further optimisation of treatment strategies to achieve sustained responses in CHB.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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