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Article: Editorial: Coronaviruses from the One Health perspective.

Hemida, Maged Gomaa / Egamberdieva, Dilfuza / Malik, Yashpal S

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1338529

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1338529
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Betaretrovirus infections in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia.

Hemida, Maged Gomaa / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen A

Veterinary medicine and science

2022 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 1330–1336

Abstract: Background: Retroviral infections have been reported in many species of animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats. However, there are no available reports about retrovirus infection in dromedary camels. Several dromedary camels showed visible tumor- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Retroviral infections have been reported in many species of animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats. However, there are no available reports about retrovirus infection in dromedary camels. Several dromedary camels showed visible tumor-like lesions on and around the nostrils as well as around the eyes. Objectives: Following are the objectives: to identify the causative agents of these identified tumours in dromedary camels and to perform molecular characterization of the detected strains of the causative agent. Methods: We extracted the nucleic acids from some fresh lesions out of these animals, and then amplified some key retrovirus genes. We amplified several regions of the rotavirus genome using the PCR technique. The obtained sequences were assembled and the phylogenetic trees were conducted per each target retrovirus gene. Results: Our results revealed a high degree of identity to some retroviruses of sheep. Phylogenetic analysis based on some retrovirus genes revealed that the causative agents of these lesions are closely related to sheep retroviruses, particularly the Jaagsiekte sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) and the ENTV. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of retrovirus infections in dromedary camels in the Arabian Peninsula. This highlights the possible species jump for the retrovirus from sheep and goats to the dromedary camels, which live in close proximity with these animals in many parts of the world, especially the Arabian Peninsula.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Betaretrovirus/genetics ; Camelus ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; Goat Diseases ; Goats ; Phylogeny ; Retroviridae Infections/veterinary ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2819409-3
ISSN	2053-1095 ; 2053-1095
ISSN (online)	2053-1095
ISSN	2053-1095
DOI	10.1002/vms3.760
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Article: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and the One Health concept.

Hemida, Maged Gomaa

PeerJ

2019 Volume 7, Page(s) e7556

Abstract: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the major threats to the healthcare systems in some countries, especially in the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV is considered an ideal example of the One Health concept. This is due to the ... ...

Abstract	Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the major threats to the healthcare systems in some countries, especially in the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV is considered an ideal example of the One Health concept. This is due to the animals, especially dromedary camels, play important roles in the transmission and sustainability of the virus, and the virus can be transmitted through aerosols of infected patients into the environment. However, there is some debate regarding the origin of MERS-CoV either from bats or other unknown reservoirs. The dromedary camel is the only identified animal reservoir to date. These animals play important roles in sustaining the virus in certain communities and may act as an amplifier of the virus by secreting it in their body fluids, especially in nasal and rectal discharges. MERS-CoV has been detected in the nasal and rectal secretions of infected camels, and MERS-CoV of this origin has full capacity to infect human airway epithelium in both in vitro and in vivo models. Other evidence confirms the direct transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans, though the role of camel meat and milk products has yet to be well studied. Human-to-human transmission is well documented through contact with an active infected patient or some silently infected persons. Furthermore, there are some significant risk factors of individuals in close contact with a positive MERS-CoV patient, including sleeping in the same patient room, removing patient waste (urine, stool, and sputum), and touching respiratory secretions from the index case. Outbreaks within family clusters have been reported, whereby some blood relative patients were infected through their wives in the same house were not infected. Some predisposing genetic factors favor MERS-CoV infection in some patients, which is worth investigating in the near future. The presence of other comorbidities may be another factor. Overall, there are many unknown/confirmed aspects of the virus/human/animal network. Here, the most recent advances in this context are discussed, and the possible reasons behind the emergence and sustainability of MERS-CoV in certain regions are presented. Identification of the exact mechanism of transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans and searching for new reservoir/s are of high priority. This will reduce the shedding of the virus into the environment, and thus the risk of human infection can be mitigated.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.7556
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Article ; Online: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and the One Health concept

Maged Gomaa Hemida

PeerJ, Vol 7, p e

2019 Volume 7556

Abstract	Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the major threats to the healthcare systems in some countries, especially in the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV is considered an ideal example of the One Health concept. This is due to the animals, especially dromedary camels, play important roles in the transmission and sustainability of the virus, and the virus can be transmitted through aerosols of infected patients into the environment. However, there is some debate regarding the origin of MERS-CoV either from bats or other unknown reservoirs. The dromedary camel is the only identified animal reservoir to date. These animals play important roles in sustaining the virus in certain communities and may act as an amplifier of the virus by secreting it in their body fluids, especially in nasal and rectal discharges. MERS-CoV has been detected in the nasal and rectal secretions of infected camels, and MERS-CoV of this origin has full capacity to infect human airway epithelium in both in vitro and in vivo models. Other evidence confirms the direct transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans, though the role of camel meat and milk products has yet to be well studied. Human-to-human transmission is well documented through contact with an active infected patient or some silently infected persons. Furthermore, there are some significant risk factors of individuals in close contact with a positive MERS-CoV patient, including sleeping in the same patient room, removing patient waste (urine, stool, and sputum), and touching respiratory secretions from the index case. Outbreaks within family clusters have been reported, whereby some blood relative patients were infected through their wives in the same house were not infected. Some predisposing genetic factors favor MERS-CoV infection in some patients, which is worth investigating in the near future. The presence of other comorbidities may be another factor. Overall, there are many unknown/confirmed aspects of the virus/human/animal network. Here, the most ...
Keywords	Dromedary camel ; Transmision ; Zoonosis ; One Health concept ; MERS-CoV ; Human ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; covid19
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Betaretrovirus infections in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia

Maged Gomaa Hemida / Abdelmohsen A. Alnaeem

Veterinary Medicine and Science, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 1330-

2022 Volume 1336

Abstract: Abstract Background Retroviral infections have been reported in many species of animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats. However, there are no available reports about retrovirus infection in dromedary camels. Several dromedary camels showed visible ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Retroviral infections have been reported in many species of animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats. However, there are no available reports about retrovirus infection in dromedary camels. Several dromedary camels showed visible tumor‐like lesions on and around the nostrils as well as around the eyes. Objectives Following are the objectives: to identify the causative agents of these identified tumours in dromedary camels and to perform molecular characterization of the detected strains of the causative agent. Methods We extracted the nucleic acids from some fresh lesions out of these animals, and then amplified some key retrovirus genes. We amplified several regions of the rotavirus genome using the PCR technique. The obtained sequences were assembled and the phylogenetic trees were conducted per each target retrovirus gene. Results Our results revealed a high degree of identity to some retroviruses of sheep. Phylogenetic analysis based on some retrovirus genes revealed that the causative agents of these lesions are closely related to sheep retroviruses, particularly the Jaagsiekte sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) and the ENTV. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of retrovirus infections in dromedary camels in the Arabian Peninsula. This highlights the possible species jump for the retrovirus from sheep and goats to the dromedary camels, which live in close proximity with these animals in many parts of the world, especially the Arabian Peninsula.
Keywords	dromedary camel ; genome ; interspecies transmission ; nasal lesions ; phylogenetic analysis ; retrovirus ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nucleic acids detected in the saliva and conjunctiva of some naturally infected dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia -2019.

Hemida, Maged Gomaa / Ali, Ali Mohamed / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen

Zoonoses and public health

2021 Volume 68, Issue 4, Page(s) 353–357

Abstract: Dromedary camels are playing essential roles in the evolution and transmission of MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV shedding in some dromedary camel secretions, particularly nasal swabs, were studied in more detail. However, the roles of viral shedding in saliva and ... ...

Abstract	Dromedary camels are playing essential roles in the evolution and transmission of MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV shedding in some dromedary camel secretions, particularly nasal swabs, were studied in more detail. However, the roles of viral shedding in saliva and ocular secretions are still required further detailed studies. We performed a longitudinal study on a farm of dromedary camel herd from 10th March until 7th April, 2019, in eastern Saudi Arabia. This is a closed management herd including a large number of colour-based breed animals and include animals of both sexes. We collected saliva and ocular swabs from 18% of the target animal population. Detection of the MERS-CoV-RNAs in these samples was conducted by the real-time PCR technique. We detected the viral RNAs in the saliva of and conjunctival swabs of some of the tested animals at 33%, 77% and 88% during the three-time points, respectively. Moreover, we also detected the viral RNAs in the conjunctival swabs at 11%, 22% and 33% at similar time intervals. Our results are suggesting the possibility of MERS-CoV shedding in the saliva and the ocular discharges of the infected dromedary camels. This explains, at least in part, the mechanism of transmission of MERS-CoV from animals to humans. More studies are needed for a better understanding of the transmission of MERS-CoV from animals to humans; thus, the risk of virus spread can be mitigated.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Camelus/virology ; Conjunctiva/chemistry ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Saliva/chemistry ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Virus Shedding
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.12816
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Article: Some One Health based control strategies for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Hemida, Maged Gomaa / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2019 Volume 8, Page(s) 100102

Abstract: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) presents an ideal example for developing One Health concepts. Dromedary camels are the principal reservoir for the virus. Infected camels shed the virus in body secretions, particularly nasal ... ...

Abstract	The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) presents an ideal example for developing One Health concepts. Dromedary camels are the principal reservoir for the virus. Infected camels shed the virus in body secretions, particularly nasal discharges. MERS-CoV has the potential to remain active in the environment for some time under optimum conditions of temperature and humidity. This shedding sustains the virus in endemic communities and thus contact with camels is considered a major risk factor for human infection. Reducing virus shedding from camels will have a great positive impact on reducing the human risk of infection. Our main objective is to highlight the potential aspects of reducing virus shedding from camels to the environment, thereby reducing the possibility of human infection. We will focus on the potential roles of camel markets, camel shows, importation, transportation and grazing in the amplification and shedding of the virus, providing some novel concepts for the control approaches for the MERS-CoV.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100102
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Article ; Online: Some One Health based control strategies for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Maged Gomaa Hemida / Abdelmohsen Alnaeem

One Health, Vol 8, Iss , Pp - (2019)

2019

Abstract	The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) presents an ideal example for developing One Health concepts. Dromedary camels are the principal reservoir for the virus. Infected camels shed the virus in body secretions, particularly nasal discharges. MERS-CoV has the potential to remain active in the environment for some time under optimum conditions of temperature and humidity. This shedding sustains the virus in endemic communities and thus contact with camels is considered a major risk factor for human infection. Reducing virus shedding from camels will have a great positive impact on reducing the human risk of infection. Our main objective is to highlight the potential aspects of reducing virus shedding from camels to the environment, thereby reducing the possibility of human infection. We will focus on the potential roles of camel markets, camel shows, importation, transportation and grazing in the amplification and shedding of the virus, providing some novel concepts for the control approaches for the MERS-CoV. Keywords: MERS-CoV, One Health, Dromedary camel, Human, Transmission, Shedding
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; covid19
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Surveillance of the equine infectious anemia virus in Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia during 2014-2016.

Alnaeem, Abdulmohsen Abdullah / Hemida, Maged Gomaa

Veterinary world

2019 Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) 719–723

Abstract: Background: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is one of the most important threats to the equine industry globally. This is due to the poor performance of the affected horses, which requires euthanization of the infected animals upon the infection ... ...

Abstract	Background: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is one of the most important threats to the equine industry globally. This is due to the poor performance of the affected horses, which requires euthanization of the infected animals upon the infection confirmation. Infected animals remain carriers throughout their life. EIAV infection has been reported in many parts of the world, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. However, the EIAV status is never assessed in horses in the Gulf area, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Aim: This study aimed to perform molecular and serological surveillance among some horse populations in Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: Sera and whole blood were collected from 361 horses and 19 donkeys from the eastern and central regions of Saudi Arabia during January 2014-December 2016. Sera were tested by the commercial EIAV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Moreover, the collected blood samples were tested by the commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction kits. Results: Our serological surveillance revealed the absence of any antibodies against EIAV in the tested animals. Similar results were reported for the tested horses' plasma. This study confirms the absence of EIAV in horses and donkeys from Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia during the tenure of the current study. However, careful monitoring of the EIAV is highly recommended to avoid the emergence of such a virus in the horse population in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first EIAV surveillance conducted not only in Saudi Arabia but also in the Gulf area. This study confirms the absence of EIAV in the tested equine population in the eastern and central regions of Saudi Arabia during 2014-2016.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-29
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2456277-4
ISSN	2231-0916 ; 0972-8988
ISSN (online)	2231-0916
ISSN	0972-8988
DOI	10.14202/vetworld.2019.719-723
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Article: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) nucleic acids detected in the saliva and conjunctiva of some naturally infected dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia ‐2019

Hemida, Maged Gomaa / Ali, Ali Mohamed / Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen

Zoonoses and public health. 2021 June, v. 68, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Dromedary camels are playing essential roles in the evolution and transmission of MERS‐CoV. MERS‐CoV shedding in some dromedary camel secretions, particularly nasal swabs, were studied in more detail. However, the roles of viral shedding in saliva and ... ...

Abstract	Dromedary camels are playing essential roles in the evolution and transmission of MERS‐CoV. MERS‐CoV shedding in some dromedary camel secretions, particularly nasal swabs, were studied in more detail. However, the roles of viral shedding in saliva and ocular secretions are still required further detailed studies. We performed a longitudinal study on a farm of dromedary camel herd from 10th March until 7th April, 2019, in eastern Saudi Arabia. This is a closed management herd including a large number of colour‐based breed animals and include animals of both sexes. We collected saliva and ocular swabs from 18% of the target animal population. Detection of the MERS‐CoV‐RNAs in these samples was conducted by the real‐time PCR technique. We detected the viral RNAs in the saliva of and conjunctival swabs of some of the tested animals at 33%, 77% and 88% during the three‐time points, respectively. Moreover, we also detected the viral RNAs in the conjunctival swabs at 11%, 22% and 33% at similar time intervals. Our results are suggesting the possibility of MERS‐CoV shedding in the saliva and the ocular discharges of the infected dromedary camels. This explains, at least in part, the mechanism of transmission of MERS‐CoV from animals to humans. More studies are needed for a better understanding of the transmission of MERS‐CoV from animals to humans; thus, the risk of virus spread can be mitigated.
Keywords	Camelus dromedarius ; Coronavirus infections ; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ; conjunctiva ; evolution ; farms ; herds ; longitudinal studies ; nose ; public health ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; risk ; saliva ; viruses ; zoonoses ; Saudi Arabia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 353-357.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.12816
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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