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Article ; Online: Reduced athletic performance post-COVID-19 is associated with reduced anaerobic threshold.

Barker-Davies, Robert M / Ladlow, Peter / Chamley, Rebecca / Nicol, Edward / Holdsworth, David A

BMJ case reports

2023 Volume 16, Issue 2

Abstract: Detailed characterisation of cardiopulmonary limitations in patients post-COVID-19 is currently limited, particularly in elite athletes. A male elite distance runner in his late 30s experienced chest pain following confirmed COVID-19. He underwent ... ...

Abstract	Detailed characterisation of cardiopulmonary limitations in patients post-COVID-19 is currently limited, particularly in elite athletes. A male elite distance runner in his late 30s experienced chest pain following confirmed COVID-19. He underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at 5 months postacute illness. Subjective exercise tolerance was reduced compared with normal, he described inability to 'kick' (rapidly accelerate). His CPET was compared with an identical protocol 15 months prior to COVID-19. While supranormal maximal oxygen uptake was maintained (155% of peak predicted V̇O
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Anaerobic Threshold ; COVID-19 ; Athletic Performance ; Chest Pain ; Exercise Test
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2022-250191
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Article ; Online: Biomechanical differences between military patients with patellar tendinopathy and asymptomatic controls during single-leg squatting and gait - A statistical parametric mapping study.

Houston, Andrew / Fong, Daniel T P / Bennett, Alexander N / Walters, Vanessa / Barker-Davies, Robert M

Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)

2021 Volume 90, Page(s) 105514

Abstract: Background: Prior identification of biomechanical differences between patients with patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls has utilised time-discrete analysis which is susceptible to type I error when multiple comparisons are uncorrected. We employ ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prior identification of biomechanical differences between patients with patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls has utilised time-discrete analysis which is susceptible to type I error when multiple comparisons are uncorrected. We employ statistical parametric mapping to minimise the risk of such error, enabling more appropriate clinical decision-making. Methods: Lower-limb biomechanics of 21 patients with patellar tendinopathy and 22 controls were captured during walking and three types of squats. A statistical parametric mapping two-sample t-test was used to identify kinematic and kinetic differences between groups for each joint. Paired t-tests were used to compare pain before and after tasks, in patients with patellar tendinopathy. Findings: During walking, cases demonstrated reduced knee joint power during initial contact and hip joint power during terminal stance. In squatting, cases demonstrated increased knee abduction angles at various time points of the small knee bend and single-leg squat. Cases demonstrated reduced knee internal rotation moment during the deepest portion of the single-leg squat and single-leg decline squat. Interpretation: Gait appears unaffected by patellar tendinopathy, likely due to low task difficulty. Elevated knee abductions angles during squatting were confirmed as a key difference in patients with patellar tendinopathy. Reduced knee internal rotation moments in patients were attributed to a potential reduction in hip external rotator strength and possible pain avoidance strategy; however further evidence is required to substantiate these claims. Findings provide a clear rationale for rehabilitation programs to focus on knee stabilisation and strengthening of the muscles surrounding the hip.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Gait ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Military Personnel ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tendinopathy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632747-3
ISSN	1879-1271 ; 0268-0033
ISSN (online)	1879-1271
ISSN	0268-0033
DOI	10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105514
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Article ; Online: How long is Long-COVID? Symptomatic improvement between 12 and 18 months in a prospective cohort study.

Barker-Davies, Robert M / O'Sullivan, O / Holdsworth, D A / Ladlow, P / Houston, A / Chamley, R / Greenhalgh, A / Nicol, E D / Bennett, A N

BMJ military health

2023

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 infection can precede, in a proportion of patients, a prolonged syndrome including fatigue, exercise intolerance, mood and cognitive problems. This study aimed to describe the profile of fatigue-related, exercise-related, mood- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 infection can precede, in a proportion of patients, a prolonged syndrome including fatigue, exercise intolerance, mood and cognitive problems. This study aimed to describe the profile of fatigue-related, exercise-related, mood-related and cognitive-related outcomes in a COVID-19-exposed group compared with controls. Methods: 113 serving UK Armed Forces participants were followed up at 5, 12 (n=88) and 18 months (n=70) following COVID-19. At 18 months, 56 were in the COVID-19-exposed group with 14 matched controls. Exposed participants included hospitalised (n=25) and community (n=31) managed participants. 43 described at least one of the six most frequent symptoms at 5 months: fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, joint pain, exercise intolerance and anosmia. Participants completed a symptom checklist, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), the National Institute for Health cognitive battery and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). PROMs included the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Checklist-5 (PCL-5) for post-traumatic stress. Results: At 5 and 12 months, exposed participants presented with higher PHQ-9, PCL-5 and FAS scores than controls (ES (effect size) ≥0.25, p≤0.04). By 12 months, GAD-7 was not significantly different to controls (ES <0.13, p=0.292). Remaining PROMs lost significant difference by 18 months (ES ≤0.11, p≥0.28). No significant differences in the cognitive scales were observed at any time point (F=1.96, p=0.167). At 5 and 12 months, exposed participants recorded significantly lower distances on the 6MWT (η Conclusions: This prospective cohort-controlled study observed adverse outcomes in depression, post-traumatic stress, fatigue and submaximal exercise performance up to 12 months but improved by 18-month follow-up, in participants exposed to COVID-19 compared with a matched control group.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3011686-7
ISSN	2633-3775 ; 2633-3767
ISSN (online)	2633-3775
ISSN	2633-3767
DOI	10.1136/military-2023-002500
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Article ; Online: Exercise tolerance, fatigue, mental health, and employment status at 5 and 12 months following COVID-19 illness in a physically trained population.

Ladlow, Peter / Holdsworth, David A / O'Sullivan, Oliver / Barker-Davies, Robert M / Houston, Andrew / Chamley, Rebecca / Rogers-Smith, Kasha / Kinkaid, Victoria / Kedzierski, Adam / Naylor, Jon / Mulae, Joseph / Cranley, Mark / Nicol, Edward D / Bennett, Alexander N

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2023 Volume 134, Issue 3, Page(s) 622–637

Abstract: Failure to recover following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may have a profound impact on individuals who participate in high-intensity/volume exercise as part of their occupation/recreation. The aim of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Failure to recover following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may have a profound impact on individuals who participate in high-intensity/volume exercise as part of their occupation/recreation. The aim of this study was to describe the longitudinal cardiopulmonary exercise function, fatigue, and mental health status of military-trained individuals (up to 12-mo postinfection) who feel recovered, and those with persistent symptoms from two acute disease severity groups (hospitalized and community-managed), compared with an age-, sex-, and job role-matched control. Eighty-eight participants underwent cardiopulmonary functional tests at baseline (5 mo following acute illness) and 12 mo; 25 hospitalized with persistent symptoms (hospitalized-symptomatic), 6 hospitalized and recovered (hospitalized-recovered); 28 community-managed with persistent symptoms (community-symptomatic); 12 community-managed, now recovered (community-recovered), and 17 controls. Cardiopulmonary exercise function and mental health status were comparable between the 5 and 12-mo follow-up. At 12 mo, symptoms of fatigue (48% and 46%) and shortness of breath (SoB; 52% and 43%) remain high in hospitalized-symptomatic and community-symptomatic groups, respectively. At 12 mo, COVID-19-exposed participants had a reduced capacity for work at anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise levels of deconditioning persist, with many individuals struggling to return to strenuous activity. The prevalence considered "fully fit" at 12 mo was lowest in symptomatic groups (hospitalized-symptomatic, 4%; hospitalized-recovered, 50%; community-symptomatic, 18%; community-recovered, 82%; control, 82%) and 49% of COVID-19-exposed participants remained medically nondeployable within the British Armed Forces. For hospitalized and symptomatic individuals, cardiopulmonary exercise profiles are consistent with impaired metabolic efficiency and deconditioning at 12 mo postacute illness. The long-term deployability status of COVID-19-exposed military personnel is uncertain.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Exercise Tolerance ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Fatigue ; Dyspnea ; Employment ; Mental Fatigue
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00370.2022
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Article: High-Volume Image-Guided Injections in Achilles and Patellar Tendinopathy in a Young Active Military Population: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Barker-Davies, Robert M / Baker, Polly / Watson, James / Goodall, Duncan / Wheeler, Patrick C / Nicol, Alastair M / Fong, Daniel T P / Lewis, Mark P / Bennett, Alexander N

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine

2022 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 23259671221088326

Abstract: Background: Chronic Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are a significant burden in physically active populations. High-volume image-guided injection (HVIGI) proposes to strip away associated neovascularity, disrupt painful nerve ingrowth, and facilitate ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are a significant burden in physically active populations. High-volume image-guided injection (HVIGI) proposes to strip away associated neovascularity, disrupt painful nerve ingrowth, and facilitate rehabilitation. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of HVIGI with and without steroid relative to placebo. Study design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 62 participants were recruited between May 25, 2016, and March 5, 2020. Participants were men aged 18 to 55 years with Achilles or patellar tendinopathy of at least 6-month chronicity that had not improved with nonoperative management (including physical therapy and shockwave therapy), with ultrasound evidence of neovascularization, tendon thickening, and echogenic changes. They were assigned to the following groups: control (3 mL of subcutaneous 0.5% bupivacaine), HVIGI (10 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and 30 mL of normal saline, ultrasound-guided between tendon and underlying fat pad), or HVIGI with steroid (HVIGIwSteroid; 0.25 mL of 100 mg/mL hydrocortisone). Clinicians and assessors were blinded. All participants were supervised through a pain-guided progressive loading program for 6 months postinjection. The main outcome measures were the Victoria Institute of Sport Assessments (VISA) for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at 6 months postinjection. Results: The VISA score improved by a mean of 22.8 points (95% CI, 10.4-35.3 points; effect size [ES], 1.51) in the control group (n = 21), 18.6 points (95% CI, 9.1-28.0 points; ES, 1.31) in the HVIGI group (n = 21), and 18.5 points (95% CI, 3.4-33.6 points; ES, 0.88) in the HVIGIwSteroid group (n = 20). VAS pain improved by a mean of 15 points (interquartile range [IQR], -38.75, 8 points; ES, 0.39) in controls, 13 points (IQR,-34.0, 3.75 points; ES, 0.47) in the HVIGI group, and 27 points (IQR,-38.0, -1.0 points; ES, 0.54) in the HVIGIwSteroid group. The main effects were significant for time ( Conclusion: Study findings did not demonstrate superiority of HVIGI over control injection. Registration: EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT: 2015-003587-36).
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2706251-X
ISSN	2325-9671
ISSN	2325-9671
DOI	10.1177/23259671221088326
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Article: Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population.

Sports medicine - open

2023 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services.: Methods: Observational cohort study ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods: Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function. Results: Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/V̇CO Conclusion: Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment prior to return to full physical activity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809942-4
ISSN	2198-9761 ; 2199-1170
ISSN (online)	2198-9761
ISSN	2199-1170
DOI	10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0
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Article ; Online: Kinematic and kinetic differences between military patients with patellar tendinopathy and asymptomatic controls during single leg squats.

Barker-Davies, Robert M / Roberts, Andrew / Watson, James / Baker, Polly / Bennett, Alexander N / Fong, Daniel T P / Wheeler, Patrick / Lewis, Mark P

Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)

2019 Volume 62, Page(s) 127–135

Abstract: Background: Knee valgus alignment has been associated with lower-limb musculoskeletal injury. This case-control study aims to: assess biomechanical differences between patients with patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls.: Methods: 43 military ... ...

Abstract	Background: Knee valgus alignment has been associated with lower-limb musculoskeletal injury. This case-control study aims to: assess biomechanical differences between patients with patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls. Methods: 43 military participants (21 cases, 22 controls) were recorded using 3D-motion capture performing progressively demanding, small knee bend, single leg and single leg decline squats. Planned a priori analysis of peak: hip adduction, knee flexion, pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity and trunk flexion was conducted using MANOVA. Kinematic and kinetic data were graphed with bootstrapped t-tests and 95% CI's normalised to the squat cycle. ANOVA and correlations in SPSS were used for exploratory analysis. Findings: On their symptomatic side cases squatted to less depth (-6.62°, p < 0.05) than controls with exploratory curve analysis revealing a pattern of increased knee valgus collapse throughout the squatting movement (p < 0.05). Greater patella tendon force was generated by: the eccentric than concentric phase of squatting (+30-43%, ES 0.52-1.32, p < 0.01), declined (plantarflexed) compared to horizontal surface (+36-51%, ES 1.19-1.68, p < 0.01) and deeper knee flexion angles (F ≥ 658.3, p < 0.01) with no difference between groups (F ≤ 1.380, p > 0.05). Cases experienced more pain on testing on decline board (ES = 0.69, p < 0.01). For symptomatic limbs pain (r Interpretation: Knee valgus alignment is a plausible risk factor for patellar tendinopathy. Conclusions relating to causation are limited by the cross-sectional study design. Increasing squat depth, use of a declined surface and isolating the eccentric phase enable progression of loading prescription guided by pain.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Patellar Ligament/physiopathology ; Posture/physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tendinopathy/physiopathology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632747-3
ISSN	1879-1271 ; 0268-0033
ISSN (online)	1879-1271
ISSN	0268-0033
DOI	10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.02.001
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Article: Sport and exercise medicine consultants are reliable in assessing tendon neovascularity using ultrasound Doppler.

Watson, James / Barker-Davies, Robert M / Bennett, Alexander N / Fong, Daniel T P / Wheeler, Patrick C / Lewis, Mark / Ranson, Craig

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine

2018 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e000298

Abstract: Objective: Several lower limb tendinopathy treatment modalities involve identification of pathological paratendinous or intratendinous neovascularisation to target proposed co-location of painful neoneuralisation. The ability to reliably locate and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Several lower limb tendinopathy treatment modalities involve identification of pathological paratendinous or intratendinous neovascularisation to target proposed co-location of painful neoneuralisation. The ability to reliably locate and assess the degree of neovascularity is therefore clinically important. The Modified Ohberg Score (MOS) is frequently used to determine degree of neovascularity, but reliability has yet to be established among Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) consultants. This study aims to determine inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of an SEM consultant cohort when assessing neovascularity using the 5-point MOS. Method: Eleven participants (7 male and 4 female) provided 16 symptomatic Achilles and patella tendons. These were sequentially examined using power Doppler (PD) enabled ultrasound (US) imaging by 6 SEM consultants who rated neovascular changes seen using the MOS. Representative digital scan images were saved for rescoring 3 weeks later. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the MOS was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa Agreement scores. Results: Neovascular changes were reported in 65.6% of 96 scans undertaken. ICC for inter-rater reliability was 0.86 and Fleiss Kappa 0.52. ICC for intra-rater reliability was 0.95 and Weighted Kappa 0.91. Conclusions: Neovascular changes were present in two-thirds of symptomatic tendons. Excellent SEM consultant inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was demonstrated. These findings support the use of PD-enabled US to assess neovascularity by appropriately experienced SEM consultants. Furthermore, future interventional research using a similarly experienced SEM consultant cohort can be undertaken with assurance that assessment of neovascularity will be reliable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2817580-3
ISSN	2055-7647
ISSN	2055-7647
DOI	10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000298
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Article ; Online: Single leg squat ratings by clinicians are reliable and predict excessive hip internal rotation moment.

Barker-Davies, Robert M / Roberts, Andrew / Bennett, Alexander N / Fong, Daniel T P / Wheeler, Patrick / Lewis, Mark P

Gait & posture

2018 Volume 61, Page(s) 453–458

Abstract: Background: Single leg squats are commonly used subjective assessments of general biomechanical function, injury risk, as a predictor for recovery and as an outcome measure of rehabilitation. While 3D motion capture is a useful tool for elite sports ... ...

Abstract	Background: Single leg squats are commonly used subjective assessments of general biomechanical function, injury risk, as a predictor for recovery and as an outcome measure of rehabilitation. While 3D motion capture is a useful tool for elite sports performance and research it is impractical for routine clinical use. Research question: This cross-sectional study aims to: assess reliability and validity of clinicians' subjective ratings of single leg squats compared to 3D motion capture, and to identify whether performance predicts joint moments. Methods: 22 healthy military volunteers were simultaneously recorded on video and 3D motion capture performing single leg squats. Videos were reviewed twice by 5 physiotherapists rating performance on a 0-5 scale assessing squat depth, hip adduction, pelvic obliquity, pelvic tilt and trunk flexion summated into a composite score. Results: Hip adduction and trunk flexion exhibited moderate to substantial inter- and intra-rater reliability (range κ = 0.408-0.699) other individual criteria were mostly fair (κ ≤ 0.4). Composite scores for inter-rater reliability were ICC Significance: Repeated use of single leg squats by a single practitioner is supported. Comparisons between clinicians are unreliable but improved by average measures from multiple raters. Heterogeneous reliability across scoring components suggests a qualitative description of the criteria scored is less ambiguous than using composite scores in a clinical setting. Composite scores may be more useful for analysis at a population level. Poor validity against kinematic data suggests clinicians use additional information upon which they find agreement such as estimating kinetics. Correlation between hip internal rotation moment and subjective ratings may be such an example of clinicians trying to identify excessive abnormal loading.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletic Performance/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise Test/methods ; Hip Joint/physiopathology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Observer Variation ; Pelvis/physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Torso/physiology ; Video Recording ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.016
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Article ; Online: Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population

Sports Medicine - Open, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods Observational cohort ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function. Results Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/V̇CO2 slope, 29.6 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), achieved less work at anaerobic threshold (70 ± 15, P < 0.001) and peak (231 ± 35, P < 0.001), and had a reduced forced vital capacity (4.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.004). Clinically significant abnormal cardiopulmonary imaging findings were present in 6% of hospitalised participants. Community-recovered individuals had no significant differences in outcomes to the comparison group. Conclusion Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment ...
Keywords	Coronavirus disease 2019 ; Long Covid ; Post-COVID-19 syndrome ; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing ; Outcomes ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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