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  1. Article ; Online: Are plant and animal sex chromosomes really all that different?

    Mank, Judith E

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2022  Volume 377, Issue 1850, Page(s) 20210218

    Abstract: Sex chromosomes in plants have often been contrasted with those in animals with the goal of identifying key differences that can be used to elucidate fundamental evolutionary properties. For example, the often homomorphic sex chromosomes in plants have ... ...

    Abstract Sex chromosomes in plants have often been contrasted with those in animals with the goal of identifying key differences that can be used to elucidate fundamental evolutionary properties. For example, the often homomorphic sex chromosomes in plants have been compared to the highly divergent systems in some animal model systems, such as birds,
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Mammals/genetics ; Plants/genetics ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2021.0218
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    Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: Sex-specific morphs: the genetics and evolution of intra-sexual variation.

    Mank, Judith E

    Nature reviews. Genetics

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–52

    Abstract: Sex-specific morphs exhibit discrete phenotypes, often including many disparate traits, that are observed in only one sex. These morphs have evolved independently in many different animals and are often associated with alternative mating strategies. The ... ...

    Abstract Sex-specific morphs exhibit discrete phenotypes, often including many disparate traits, that are observed in only one sex. These morphs have evolved independently in many different animals and are often associated with alternative mating strategies. The remarkable diversity of sex-specific morphs offers unique opportunities to understand the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, as the distinct nature of many morphs makes it easier to both categorize and compare genomes than for continuous traits. Sex-specific morphs also expand the study of sexual dimorphism beyond traditional bimodal comparisons of male and female averages, as they allow for a more expansive range of sexualization. Although ecological and endocrinological studies of sex-specific morphs have been advancing for some time, genomic and transcriptomic studies of morphs are far more recent. These studies reveal not only many different paths to the evolution of sex-specific morphs but also many commonalities, such as the role of sex-determining genes and hormone signalling in morph development, and the mixing of male and female traits within some morphs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Male ; Biological Evolution ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2035157-4
    ISSN 1471-0064 ; 1471-0056
    ISSN (online) 1471-0064
    ISSN 1471-0056
    DOI 10.1038/s41576-022-00524-2
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  3. Article ; Online: Editorial overview: Conflicts, conflicts everywhere.

    Malik, Harmit S / Mank, Judith E

    Current opinion in genetics & development

    2023  Volume 83, Page(s) 102131

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1077312-5
    ISSN 1879-0380 ; 0959-437X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0380
    ISSN 0959-437X
    DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102131
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  4. Article ; Online: Sex-biased gene expression at single-cell resolution: cause and consequence of sexual dimorphism.

    Darolti, Iulia / Mank, Judith E

    Evolution letters

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 148–156

    Abstract: Gene expression differences between males and females are thought to be key for the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and sex-biased genes are often used to study the molecular footprint of sex-specific selection. However, gene expression is often measured ...

    Abstract Gene expression differences between males and females are thought to be key for the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and sex-biased genes are often used to study the molecular footprint of sex-specific selection. However, gene expression is often measured from complex aggregations of diverse cell types, making it difficult to distinguish between sex differences in expression that are due to regulatory rewiring within similar cell types and those that are simply a consequence of developmental differences in cell-type abundance. To determine the role of regulatory versus developmental differences underlying sex-biased gene expression, we use single-cell transcriptomic data from multiple somatic and reproductive tissues of male and female guppies, a species that exhibits extensive phenotypic sexual dimorphism. Our analysis of gene expression at single-cell resolution demonstrates that nonisometric scaling between the cell populations within each tissue and heterogeneity in cell-type abundance between the sexes can influence inferred patterns of sex-biased gene expression by increasing both the false-positive and false-negative rates. Moreover, we show that, at the bulk level, the subset of sex-biased genes that are the product of sex differences in cell-type abundance can significantly confound patterns of coding-sequence evolution. Taken together, our results offer a unique insight into the effects of allometry and cellular heterogeneity on perceived patterns of sex-biased gene expression and highlight the power of single-cell RNA-sequencing in distinguishing between sex-biased genes that are the result of regulatory change and those that stem from sex differences in cell-type abundance, and hence are a consequence rather than a cause of sexual dimorphism.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2056-3744
    ISSN (online) 2056-3744
    DOI 10.1093/evlett/qrad013
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  5. Article ; Online: Gene gain and loss from the Asian corn borer W chromosome.

    Dai, Wenting / Mank, Judith E / Ban, Liping

    BMC biology

    2024  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 102

    Abstract: Background: Sex-limited chromosomes Y and W share some characteristics, including the degeneration of protein-coding genes, enrichment of repetitive elements, and heterochromatin. However, although many studies have suggested that Y chromosomes retain ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sex-limited chromosomes Y and W share some characteristics, including the degeneration of protein-coding genes, enrichment of repetitive elements, and heterochromatin. However, although many studies have suggested that Y chromosomes retain genes related to male function, far less is known about W chromosomes and whether they retain genes related to female-specific function.
    Results: Here, we built a chromosome-level genome assembly of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Pyraloidea), an economically important pest in corn, from a female, including both the Z and W chromosome. Despite deep conservation of the Z chromosome across Lepidoptera, our chromosome-level W assembly reveals little conservation with available W chromosome sequence in related species or with the Z chromosome, consistent with a non-canonical origin of the W chromosome. The W chromosome has accumulated significant repetitive elements and experienced rapid gene gain from the remainder of the genome, with most genes exhibiting pseudogenization after duplication to the W. The genes that retain significant expression are largely enriched for functions in DNA recombination, the nucleosome, chromatin, and DNA binding, likely related to meiotic and mitotic processes within the female gonad.
    Conclusions: Overall, our chromosome-level genome assembly supports the non-canonical origin of the W chromosome in O. furnacalis, which experienced rapid gene gain and loss, with the retention of genes related to female-specific function.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Moths/genetics ; Female ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromosomes, Insect/genetics ; Male ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Insect
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2133020-7
    ISSN 1741-7007 ; 1741-7007
    ISSN (online) 1741-7007
    ISSN 1741-7007
    DOI 10.1186/s12915-024-01902-4
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  6. Article ; Online: A chromosome predisposed for sex.

    Lin, Yuying / Mank, Judith E

    Nature

    2022  Volume 606, Issue 7913, Page(s) 257–258

    MeSH term(s) Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes ; Evolution, Molecular ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; Sex Determination Processes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type News ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-022-01129-9
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  7. Article ; Online: Sexual selection: Changing the definition of the fittest.

    van der Bijl, Wouter / Mank, Judith E

    Current biology : CB

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 7, Page(s) R277–R279

    Abstract: Sexual selection has long been known to produce rapid evolution of spectacular traits. A new study reveals how sexual selection can also rapidly reshape the genome. ...

    Abstract Sexual selection has long been known to produce rapid evolution of spectacular traits. A new study reveals how sexual selection can also rapidly reshape the genome.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.074
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  8. Article ; Online: Developmental mechanisms of sex differences: from cells to organisms.

    Mank, Judith E / Rideout, Elizabeth J

    Development (Cambridge, England)

    2021  Volume 148, Issue 19

    Abstract: Male-female differences in many developmental mechanisms lead to the formation of two morphologically and physiologically distinct sexes. Although this is expected for traits with prominent differences between the sexes, such as the gonads, sex-specific ... ...

    Abstract Male-female differences in many developmental mechanisms lead to the formation of two morphologically and physiologically distinct sexes. Although this is expected for traits with prominent differences between the sexes, such as the gonads, sex-specific processes also contribute to traits without obvious male-female differences, such as the intestine. Here, we review sex differences in developmental mechanisms that operate at several levels of biological complexity - molecular, cellular, organ and organismal - and discuss how these differences influence organ formation, function and whole-body physiology. Together, the examples we highlight show that one simple way to gain a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of animal development is to include both sexes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Development/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 90607-4
    ISSN 1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
    ISSN (online) 1477-9129
    ISSN 0950-1991
    DOI 10.1242/dev.199750
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  9. Article ; Online: A bioinformatic toolkit to simultaneously identify sex and sex-linked regions.

    Darolti, Iulia / Mank, Judith E

    Molecular ecology resources

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 455–457

    Abstract: ... of evolution, and gene regulation (Bachtrog et al., 2011, Mank, 2013). These unique features mean ...

    Abstract Sex chromosomes are strange things, and often exhibit unusual patterns of diversity, rates of evolution, and gene regulation (Bachtrog et al., 2011, Mank, 2013). These unique features mean that although sex chromosomes are often a relatively small proportion of the genome, they are best identified and assessed separately from the autosomal majority when carrying out genomic analyses. However, identifying and partitioning genomic regions into sex-linked and autosomal in non-model species can often be quite difficult. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Nursyifa et al. (2021) provide a useful method that combines sequencing depth information with clustering models to assign sex to samples at the same time as identifying sex-linked scaffolds. This method gives robust results even with more challenging or low-quality data, and thus is particularly promising in studies of non-model organisms.
    MeSH term(s) Computational Biology ; Genome ; Genomics ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type News
    ZDB-ID 2406833-0
    ISSN 1755-0998 ; 1755-098X
    ISSN (online) 1755-0998
    ISSN 1755-098X
    DOI 10.1111/1755-0998.13530
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  10. Article ; Online: Population genetics of sexual conflict in the genomic era.

    Mank, Judith E

    Nature reviews. Genetics

    2017  Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) 721–730

    Abstract: Sexual conflict occurs when selection acts in opposing directions on males and females. Case studies in both vertebrates and invertebrates indicate that sexual conflict maintains genetic diversity through balancing selection, which might explain why many ...

    Abstract Sexual conflict occurs when selection acts in opposing directions on males and females. Case studies in both vertebrates and invertebrates indicate that sexual conflict maintains genetic diversity through balancing selection, which might explain why many populations show more genetic variation than expected. Recent population genomic approaches based on different measures of balancing selection have suggested that sexual conflict can arise over survival, not just reproductive fitness as previously thought. A fuller understanding of sexual conflict will provide insight into its contribution to adaptive evolution and will reveal the constraints it might impose on populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2035157-4
    ISSN 1471-0064 ; 1471-0056
    ISSN (online) 1471-0064
    ISSN 1471-0056
    DOI 10.1038/nrg.2017.83
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