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  1. Article ; Online: Invited Perspective: Metal Mixtures and Child Health: The Complex Interplay of Essential and Toxic Elements.

    Breton, Carrie V / Farzan, Shohreh F

    Environmental health perspectives

    2021  Volume 129, Issue 6, Page(s) 61301

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Health ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Humans ; Metals/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Environmental Pollutants ; Metals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 195189-0
    ISSN 1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
    ISSN (online) 1552-9924
    ISSN 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
    DOI 10.1289/EHP9629
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Environmental Exposures and Pediatric Cardiology: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

    Zachariah, Justin P / Jone, Pei-Ni / Agbaje, Andrew O / Ryan, Heather H / Trasande, Leonardo / Perng, Wei / Farzan, Shohreh F

    Circulation

    2024  

    Abstract: Environmental toxicants and pollutants are causes of adverse health consequences, including well-established associations between environmental exposures and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental degradation is widely prevalent and has a long latency ... ...

    Abstract Environmental toxicants and pollutants are causes of adverse health consequences, including well-established associations between environmental exposures and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental degradation is widely prevalent and has a long latency period between exposure and health outcome, potentially placing a large number of individuals at risk of these health consequences. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental exposures in early life may be key risk factors for cardiovascular conditions across the life span. Children are a particularly sensitive population for the detrimental effects of environmental toxicants and pollutants given the long-term cumulative effects of early-life exposures on health outcomes, including congenital heart disease, acquired cardiac diseases, and accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors. This scientific statement highlights representative examples for each of these cardiovascular disease subtypes and their determinants, focusing specifically on the associations between climate change and congenital heart disease, airborne particulate matter and Kawasaki disease, blood lead levels and blood pressure, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals with cardiometabolic risk factors. Because children are particularly dependent on their caregivers to address their health concerns, this scientific statement highlights the need for clinicians, research scientists, and policymakers to focus more on the linkages of environmental exposures with cardiovascular conditions in children and adolescents.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80099-5
    ISSN 1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    ISSN (online) 1524-4539
    ISSN 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    DOI 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001234
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular health and proximity to urban oil drilling in Los Angeles, California.

    Johnston, Jill E / Quist, Arbor J L / Navarro, Sandy / Farzan, Shohreh F / Shamasunder, Bhavna

    Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Although ~18 million people live within a mile from active oil and gas development (OGD) sites in the United States, epidemiological research on how OGD affects the health of nearby urban residents is sparse. Thousands of OGD sites are ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although ~18 million people live within a mile from active oil and gas development (OGD) sites in the United States, epidemiological research on how OGD affects the health of nearby urban residents is sparse. Thousands of OGD sites are spread across Los Angeles (LA) County, California, home to the largest urban oil production in the country. Air pollution and noise from OGD may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity.
    Objective: We examined the association between proximity to OGD and blood pressure in a diverse cohort of residents in LA.
    Methods: We recruited residents in South LA who lived <1 km from an OGD site. We collected three blood pressure measurements for each participant and used the second and third measurements to calculate averages for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) separately. We conducted multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between distance to OGD sites and continuous SBP and DBP, adjusting for BMI, smoking status, distance to freeway, sex, age, and use of antihypertension medications, with a random effect for household. We examined effect measure modification by BMI category and smoking category.
    Results: Among the 623 adult participants, we found that for every 100 meter increase in distance from the OGD site, DBP was reduced by an average of 0.73 mmHg (95% CI: -1.26, -0.21) in this population. We observed stronger effects of proximity to OGD site on DBP among never smokers and among participants with a healthy BMI. The associations observed between proximity to OGD site and SBP were weaker but followed the same patterns as those for DBP.
    Impact: Our study suggests that living near urban oil drilling sites is significantly associated with greater diastolic blood pressure in urban Los Angeles communities. This research improves understanding of impacts from living nearby drilling operations on the health and welfare of this community, which is critical to inform public health relevant strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2218551-3
    ISSN 1559-064X ; 1559-0631
    ISSN (online) 1559-064X
    ISSN 1559-0631
    DOI 10.1038/s41370-023-00589-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and newborns.

    Ji, Nan / Eckel, Sandrah P / Foley, Helen / Yang, Tingyu / Lurmann, Fred / Grubbs, Brendan H / Habre, Rima / Bastain, Theresa M / Farzan, Shohreh F / Breton, Carrie V

    Environmental research

    2024  Volume 252, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 118797

    Abstract: Background: Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with individual inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and neonates. However, studies of air pollution and a comprehensive panel of biomarkers across maternal and ...

    Abstract Background: Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with individual inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and neonates. However, studies of air pollution and a comprehensive panel of biomarkers across maternal and cord blood samples remain limited. Few studies used data-driven methods to identify biomarker groupings that converge biomarkers from multiple biological pathways. This study aims to investigate the impacts of prenatal air pollution on groups of biomarkers in maternal and cord blood samples.
    Methods: In the Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, 87 biomarkers were quantified from 45 trimester 1 maternal blood and 55 cord blood samples. Pregnancy and trimester 1-averaged concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm in diameter (PM
    Results: In maternal samples, trimester 1-averaged PM
    Conclusion: Prenatal air pollution exposure was associated with changes in biomarkers related to inflammation, cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer, and neurological function in both mothers and neonates. This study shed light on mechanisms by which air pollution can influence biological function during pregnancy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118797
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Metal-mixtures in toenails of children living near an active industrial facility in Los Angeles County, California.

    Van Horne, Yoshira Ornelas / Farzan, Shohreh F / Johnston, Jill E

    Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 427–441

    Abstract: Background: Children residing in communities near metalworking industries are vulnerable to multiple toxic metal exposures. Understanding biomarkers of exposure to multiple toxic metals is important to characterize cumulative burden and to distinguish ... ...

    Abstract Background: Children residing in communities near metalworking industries are vulnerable to multiple toxic metal exposures. Understanding biomarkers of exposure to multiple toxic metals is important to characterize cumulative burden and to distinguish potential exposure sources in such environmental justice neighborhoods impacted by industrial operations. Exposure to metal mixtures has not been well-characterized among children residing in the United States, and is understudied in communities of color.
    Methods: In this study we used toenail clippings, a noninvasive biomarker, to assess exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and vanadium (V). We used nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to identify "source" signatures and patterns of exposure among predominantly working class Latinx children residing near an industrial corridor in Southeast Los Angeles County. Additionally, we investigated the association between participant demographic, spatial, and dietary characteristics with identified metal signatures.
    Results: Through NMF, we identified three groupings (source factors) for the metal concentrations in children's toenails. A grouping composed of Sb, Pb, As, and Cd, was identified as a potential industrial source factor, reflective of known airborne elemental emissions in the industrial corridor. We further identified a manganese source factor primarily composed of Mn, and a potential dietary source factor driven by Se and Hg. We observed differences in the industrial source factor by age of participants, while the dietary source factor varied by neighborhood.
    Conclusion: Utilizing an unsupervised dimension reduction technique (NMF), we identified a "source signature" of contamination in toenail samples from children living near metalworking industry. Investigating patterns and sources of exposures in cumulatively burdened communities is necessary to identify appropriate public health interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Arsenic/analysis ; Child ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Humans ; Los Angeles ; Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities ; Metals ; Nails/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Metals ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2218551-3
    ISSN 1559-064X ; 1559-0631
    ISSN (online) 1559-064X
    ISSN 1559-0631
    DOI 10.1038/s41370-021-00330-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Correction: Childhood traffic-related air pollution and adverse changes in subclinical atherosclerosis measures from childhood to adulthood.

    Farzan, Shohreh F / Habre, Rima / Danza, Phoebe / Lurmann, Frederick / Gauderman, W James / Avol, Edward / Bastain, Theresa / Hodis, Howard N / Breton, Carrie

    Environmental health : a global access science source

    2022  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2092232-2
    ISSN 1476-069X ; 1476-069X
    ISSN (online) 1476-069X
    ISSN 1476-069X
    DOI 10.1186/s12940-022-00931-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Metal Exposures in Residents Living Near an Urban Oil Drilling Site in Los Angeles, California.

    Quist, Arbor J L / Van Horne, Yoshira Ornelas / Farzan, Shohreh F / Johnston, Jill E

    Environmental science & technology

    2022  Volume 56, Issue 22, Page(s) 15981–15989

    Abstract: Urban environmental justice communities are potentially exposed to multiple toxic metals, through contaminated air, soil, water, and food. However, information on metals and their sources is lacking. This study uses non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) ...

    Abstract Urban environmental justice communities are potentially exposed to multiple toxic metals, through contaminated air, soil, water, and food. However, information on metals and their sources is lacking. This study uses non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) in a community-based participatory research study to identify potential sources and to understand how these metals cluster in a population near an urban oil drilling site. We recruited 203 Latinx, Black, and Asian residents who lived within 1 km of an oil drilling site in south Los Angeles and collected toenail clippings to assess exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb). Using NMF, we identified three clusters based on concentrations in the participants' toenails. As, Cd, Pb, and Sb grouped together, indicative of an industrial source. A second grouping was composed of Ni and Mn, which may be related to oil drilling. We also identified a third source factor predominantly driven by Hg and As, which may arise from dietary sources. Utilizing NMF, a dimension reduction method, we identified a source factor high in Ni and Mn in residents living in a neighborhood near an active oil drilling site.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cadmium ; Los Angeles ; Lead ; Arsenic/analysis ; Mercury/analysis ; Manganese ; Nickel ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Metals, Heavy
    Chemical Substances Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G) ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL) ; Manganese (42Z2K6ZL8P) ; Nickel (7OV03QG267) ; Metals, Heavy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.2c04926
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy Are Linked to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among a Predominantly Low-Income US Hispanic/Latina Pregnancy Cohort.

    Maldonado, Luis E / Bastain, Theresa M / Toledo-Corral, Claudia M / Dunton, Genevieve F / Habre, Rima / Eckel, Sandrah P / Yang, Tingyu / Grubbs, Brendan H / Chavez, Thomas / Al-Marayati, Laila A / Breton, Carrie V / Farzan, Shohreh F

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e029848

    Abstract: Background: Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women.: Methods and results: The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women.
    Methods and results: The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social stressors) study (n=451) is a prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles, California, who completed up to 2 staff-administered 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were abstracted from medical records and based on a physician's diagnosis or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg, respectively) at ≥2 consecutive prenatal visits. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated associations of 2 previously derived dietary patterns in this population (solid fats, refined grains, and cheese and vegetables, oils, and fruit) and the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, and (3) any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). In separate models, we additionally tested interactions with prepregnancy body mass index. Comparing highest-to-lowest quartiles, the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese dietary pattern was associated with an increased odds of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 1.44-11.0];
    Conclusions: While the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese diet was strongly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, findings suggest the vegetables, oils, and fruit diet may be more relevant than Healthy Eating Index 2015 for preventing preeclampsia among low-income Hispanic/Latina women.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/epidemiology ; Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology ; Pre-Eclampsia/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Prospective Studies ; Dietary Patterns ; Vegetables ; Hispanic or Latino ; Oils
    Chemical Substances Oils
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.123.029848
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  9. Article ; Online: Respiratory and allergic health effects in children living near agriculture: A review.

    Van Horne, Yoshira Ornelas / Farzan, Shohreh F / Razafy, Mitiasoa / Johnston, Jill E

    The Science of the total environment

    2022  Volume 832, Page(s) 155009

    Abstract: Background: Exposure to pesticides and agricultural burning are likely to co-occur in agricultural communities, but these exposures have remained distinct bodies of research. We reviewed epidemiological studies to identify the respiratory health effects ...

    Abstract Background: Exposure to pesticides and agricultural burning are likely to co-occur in agricultural communities, but these exposures have remained distinct bodies of research. We reviewed epidemiological studies to identify the respiratory health effects of children exposed to pesticides and agricultural burning through a systematic evaluation of peer-reviewed publications of children living in industrial agricultural areas.
    Methods: Two academic search databases (PubMed and Scopus) were queried for all available studies published in English before May 31st, 2021. The initial search combining both exposure metrics (pesticides and agricultural burning) yielded zero publications and thus the queries were performed and presented separately.
    Results: Studies were categorized based on main exposure of interest (i.e., pesticides or agricultural burning) and by respiratory health outcome assessment (i.e., self-reported asthma, acute respiratory symptoms, and lung function measurements). In total we identified 25 studies that focused on pesticide exposures and children's respiratory health, and 12 studies that focused on exposure to agricultural burning and children's respiratory health. A majority of the pesticide studies (18/25) reported a positive association between exposure to pesticides and adverse childhood respiratory health effects. Similarly, most (11/12) of the agricultural burning studies also reported a positive association between exposure to agricultural burning and adverse respiratory health effects.
    Conclusion: The most frequently studied health outcomes in these publications were acute respiratory symptoms (n = 11 pesticides, n = 3 agricultural burning), followed by asthma (n = 9 pesticides, n = 3 agricultural burning), and lung function measurements (n = 5 pesticides, n = 6 agricultural burning). Although health outcome assessment differed between pesticide studies and agricultural burning studies, similar adverse respiratory health effects were observed across the majority of studies.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture ; Asthma/chemically induced ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Child ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Pesticides/analysis ; Pesticides/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Pesticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155009
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of parental adverse childhood experiences on intergenerational DNA methylation signatures from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and buccal mucosa.

    Mohazzab-Hosseinian, Sahra / Garcia, Erika / Wiemels, Joseph / Marconett, Crystal / Corona, Karina / Howe, Caitlin G / Foley, Helen / Farzan, Shohreh F / Bastain, Theresa M / Breton, Carrie V

    Translational psychiatry

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 89

    Abstract: In this study, the effect of cumulative ACEs experienced on human maternal DNA methylation (DNAm) was estimated while accounting for interaction with domains of ACEs in prenatal peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from the Maternal and ... ...

    Abstract In this study, the effect of cumulative ACEs experienced on human maternal DNA methylation (DNAm) was estimated while accounting for interaction with domains of ACEs in prenatal peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. The intergenerational transmission of ACE-associated DNAm was also explored used paired maternal (N = 120) and neonatal cord blood (N = 69) samples. Replication in buccal samples was explored in the Children's Health Study (CHS) among adult parental (N = 31) and pediatric (N = 114) samples. We used a four-level categorical indicator variable for ACEs exposure: none (0 ACEs), low (1-3 ACEs), moderate (4-6 ACEs), and high (>6 ACEs). Effects of ACEs on maternal DNAm (N = 240) were estimated using linear models. To evaluate evidence for intergenerational transmission, mediation analysis (N = 60 mother-child pairs) was used. Analysis of maternal samples displayed some shared but mostly distinct effects of ACEs on DNAm across low, moderate, and high ACEs categories. CLCN7 and PTPRN2 was associated with maternal DNAm in the low ACE group and this association replicated in the CHS. CLCN7 was also nominally significant in the gene expression correlation analysis among maternal profiles (N = 35), along with 11 other genes. ACE-associated methylation was observed in maternal and neonatal profiles in the COMT promoter region, with some evidence of mediation by maternal COMT methylation. Specific genomic loci exhibited mutually exclusive maternal ACE effects on DNAm in either maternal or neonatal population. There is some evidence for an intergenerational effect of ACEs, supported by shared DNAm signatures in the COMT gene across maternal-neonatal paired samples.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Child ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; DNA Methylation ; Mouth Mucosa ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mothers ; Parents ; Chloride Channels
    Chemical Substances CLCN7 protein, human ; Chloride Channels
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2609311-X
    ISSN 2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
    ISSN (online) 2158-3188
    ISSN 2158-3188
    DOI 10.1038/s41398-024-02747-9
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