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Article ; Online: Let’s Ask the Teachers

Laura Laschke / Maren Flottmann / Kirsten Schlüter

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 4887, p

A Qualitative Analysis of Health Education in Schools and Its Effectiveness

2023 Volume 4887

Abstract: There is a need for action in health promotion for children and adolescents. Schools are assumed to be an appropriate place to enable students to behave healthily. Numerous interventions have been piloted in schools, but sustained implementation appears ... ...

Abstract	There is a need for action in health promotion for children and adolescents. Schools are assumed to be an appropriate place to enable students to behave healthily. Numerous interventions have been piloted in schools, but sustained implementation appears challenging. An alternative approach might be to ask teachers how they conduct health education and what they see as effective. Accordingly, we conducted an explorative study using semi-structured interviews with eleven teachers from secondary schools in Germany in 2019. The interviews focused on different aspects of health education: goals, methods and strategies, effectiveness, possible barriers, and ways to reduce them. We inductively identified six dimensions of effectiveness that teachers believe are relevant for effective health teaching in schools. Regarding methods and strategies, many were mentioned, but only a part was explicitly named as effective. Most of these strategies focus on improving students’ knowledge and skills, followed by strengthening health-promoting attitudes, but rarely promote long-term behavior change. Moreover, it became apparent that some aspects, such as goalsetting and developing action plans, received little attention in lessons, even though they are considered important for successful behavior change.
Keywords	health education ; teaching strategies ; teaching effectiveness ; knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) ; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ; health behavior change ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: America’s Racial Reckoning Within Perinatal Communication

Maren S.G. Henderson / Meghan M. JaKa / Jennifer M. Dinh / Barbara A. Olson-Bullis / Corinne Brown-Robinson / Thomas E. Kottke / Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, Vol

A Rapid Review Using Sociotechnical Systems Theory to Compare Publications Before and After 2020

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: ... fish consumption during pregnancy, and in response to racial disparities among our health system’s ...

Abstract	Perinatal communication is one factor driving racial disparities in maternal and infant morbidity. The murder of George Floyd in May 2020, in addition to the disproportionate impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on communities of color, was a catalyst for American society to address racial injustices with a renewed sense of urgency. Drawing upon sociotechnical systems (STS) theory, this rapid review describes changes in the literature regarding the organizational, social, technical, and external subsystems that affect communication between perinatal providers and their Black patients. The goal of this work is to support health system optimization of health communication initiatives and, as a result, improve patient experience and parent and child outcomes. As part of a multi-year project designed to improve health communications about safe fish consumption during pregnancy, and in response to racial disparities among our health system’s patient population related to receipt of nutrition messages during prenatal visits, we conducted a rapid review of literature on Black parents’ experience of all communication while receiving perinatal care. A search of PubMed identified relevant articles published in English since 2000. Articles were screened to include articles that focused on Black people receiving perinatal care. Article content was then coded using deductive content analysis guided by STS theory to inform healthcare system improvement efforts. Differences in the prevalence of codes pre- and post-2020 are compared using chi-square statistics. The search in PubMed yielded 2419 articles. After screening, 172 articles were included in the rapid review. There was an increased recognition of communication as a key component of quality perinatal care after 2020 ( P = .012) and of the limitations of standardized technical communication ( P = .002) after 2020. Emerging literature suggests improving perinatal health communication and relationships with Black parents would address disparities in perinatal patient and baby ...
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
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Conference proceedings ; Online: Rollout of central America’s national public earthquake early warning systems

Massin, F. / Clinton, J. / Billy, B. / Maren, B. / Marta Griselda, M. / Camilo Muñoz, M. / Orihuela Gonzales, B. / Marino, P. / Wilfried, S. / Robin Onelio, Y.

XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

2023

Abstract: The ATTAC project, or Alerta Temprana de Terremotos en América Central, aims to establish public earthquake early warning (EEW) systems in Central America. The region experiences frequent subduction and shallow crustal earthquakes and has a vulnerable ... ...

Abstract	The ATTAC project, or Alerta Temprana de Terremotos en América Central, aims to establish public earthquake early warning (EEW) systems in Central America. The region experiences frequent subduction and shallow crustal earthquakes and has a vulnerable building stock, along with a rapidly growing population density. EEW can reduce the fatalities and injuries that occur during strong earthquakes. The ATTAC project is building national EEW systems at seismic agencies in each of Guatemala (INSIVUMEH), El Salvador (MARN), Nicaragua (INETER), and Costa Rica (OVSICORI-UNA), with the collaboration of SED at ETH Zurich.The EEW systems are based on the ETHZ SeisComP EEW (ESE) add-on modules and include the Virtual Seismologist and FinDer algorithms. The project has deployed 70 low-latency accelerographs across the region and has implemented performance-tracking tools to monitor the network and EEW results in terms of accuracy and speed. The ESE dissemination module allows to select the best of the EEW solutions and to deliver targeted alerts via a mobile application and digital TV.Data analysis of the mobile application has shown promise (74% of users notified in 5 seconds). Although the number of active recipients is in the low thousands, it is scaling up. We demonstrate successful EEW for recent earthquakes with delay from event initiation to alert dissemination ranging from 10 to 15 seconds for shallow onshore seismicity and from 20 to 25 seconds for offshore or deep events. We focus on false alerts with software and configuration optimizations and establishing best practice in network management.
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
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Article: Application of the HRE-S to 140 horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking and the association of clinical signs with diagnosis, therapy, and outcome.

Kloock, Tanja / Hellige, Maren / Kloock, Anke / Feige, Karsten / Niebuhr, Tobias

Frontiers in veterinary science

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1329054

Abstract: ... The History Rest and Exercise Score (HRE-S) was developed to objectively clarify the severity of the condition ... included in the study. Video recordings were evaluated using the HRE-S and compared to the score described ... The following clinical signs were significantly correlated with a higher HRE-S and grade by Talbot: HS at walk ...

Abstract	Background: Horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking (TMHS) exhibit different headshaking patterns (HSPs), electric shock-like jerking, signs of nasal irritation, and painful facial expressions. The History Rest and Exercise Score (HRE-S) was developed to objectively clarify the severity of the condition in affected horses. This score considers the history and severity of clinical signs at rest and exercise. This study aimed to assess the frequency of different clinical signs and their individual associations with diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in horses diagnosed with TMHS.The clinical records of horses presented with headshaking (HS) at the Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, between 2006 and 2021 were assessed retrospectively for clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. A total of 140 horses were included in the study. Video recordings were evaluated using the HRE-S and compared to the score described by Talbot. Following discharge, owners were interviewed via telephone about the outcome. Correlations between the presence and severity of clinical signs, diagnosis, and outcome were evaluated. Results: The following clinical signs were significantly correlated with a higher HRE-S and grade by Talbot: HS at walk (independently of HSP) (52.9%, 74/140), increased total number of demonstrated HSP (independent of the dominant HSP) (more than one HSP per horse in 91.4%, 128/140), signs of nasal irritation (75.9%, 104/137), painful facial expression (67.8%, 80/118), and electric shock-like jerking (77.5%, 107/138). Diagnosis and outcome do not correlate with the presence of the above-mentioned clinical signs. Conclusion: The HRE-S was confirmed as a valid tool to evaluate disease severity in a cohort of 140 horses with HS. Additionally, clinical signs identified as indicators for higher disease severity may have a stronger negative effect on patient welfare, but they do not correlate with diagnosis or outcome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2024.1329054
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Article ; Online: ChAdOx1-S adenoviral vector vaccine applied intranasally elicits superior mucosal immunity compared to the intramuscular route of vaccination.

European journal of immunology

2022 Volume 52, Issue 6, Page(s) 936–945

Abstract: ... intramuscular immunization with adenoviral vector ChAdOx1-S expressing full-length Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 ... of intranasally immunized animals. Finally, both intranasal and intramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1-S ... Our results demonstrate that intranasal application of adenoviral vector ChAdOx1-S induces superior mucosal ...

Abstract	COVID-19 vaccines prevent severe forms of the disease, but do not warrant complete protection against breakthrough infections. This could be due to suboptimal mucosal immunity at the site of virus entry, given that all currently approved vaccines are administered via the intramuscular route. In this study, we assessed humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice after intranasal and intramuscular immunization with adenoviral vector ChAdOx1-S expressing full-length Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. We showed that both routes of vaccination induced a potent IgG antibody response, as well as robust neutralizing capacity, but intranasal vaccination elicited a superior IgA antibody titer in the sera and in the respiratory mucosa. Bronchoalveolar lavage from intranasally immunized mice efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV-2, which has not been the case in intramuscularly immunized group. Moreover, substantially higher percentages of epitope-specific CD8 T cells exhibiting a tissue resident phenotype were found in the lungs of intranasally immunized animals. Finally, both intranasal and intramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1-S efficiently protected the mice after the challenge with recombinant herpesvirus expressing the Spike protein. Our results demonstrate that intranasal application of adenoviral vector ChAdOx1-S induces superior mucosal immunity and therefore could be a promising strategy for putting the COVID-19 pandemic under control.
MeSH term(s)	Adenoviridae/genetics ; Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccination/methods ; Viral Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Vaccines ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120108-6
ISSN	1521-4141 ; 0014-2980
ISSN (online)	1521-4141
ISSN	0014-2980
DOI	10.1002/eji.202249823
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Article ; Online: Iron Insertion at the Assembly Site of the ISCU Scaffold Protein Is a Conserved Process Initiating Fe-S Cluster Biosynthesis.

Srour, Batoul / Gervason, Sylvain / Hoock, Maren Hellen / Monfort, Beata / Want, Kristian / Larkem, Djabir / Trabelsi, Nadine / Landrot, Gautier / Zitolo, Andrea / Fonda, Emiliano / Etienne, Emilien / Gerbaud, Guillaume / Müller, Christina Sophia / Oltmanns, Jonathan / Gordon, Jesse B / Yadav, Vishal / Kleczewska, Malgorzata / Jelen, Marcin / Toledano, Michel B /

Dutkiewicz, Rafal / Goldberg, David P / Schünemann, Volker / Guigliarelli, Bruno / Burlat, Bénédicte / Sizun, Christina / D'Autréaux, Benoit

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2022 Volume 144, Issue 38, Page(s) 17496–17515

Abstract: Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are prosthetic groups of proteins biosynthesized on scaffold proteins ... by highly conserved multi-protein machineries. Biosynthesis of Fe-S clusters into the ISCU scaffold protein ... predominated at pH 8.0 and correlated with the Fe-S cluster assembly activity, whereas the former increased ...

Abstract	Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are prosthetic groups of proteins biosynthesized on scaffold proteins by highly conserved multi-protein machineries. Biosynthesis of Fe-S clusters into the ISCU scaffold protein is initiated by ferrous iron insertion, followed by sulfur acquisition, via a still elusive mechanism. Notably, whether iron initially binds to the ISCU cysteine-rich assembly site or to a cysteine-less auxiliary site via N/O ligands remains unclear. We show here by SEC, circular dichroism (CD), and Mössbauer spectroscopies that iron binds to the assembly site of the monomeric form of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ISCU proteins via either one or two cysteines, referred to the 1-Cys and 2-Cys forms, respectively. The latter predominated at pH 8.0 and correlated with the Fe-S cluster assembly activity, whereas the former increased at a more acidic pH, together with free iron, suggesting that it constitutes an intermediate of the iron insertion process. Iron not binding to the assembly site was non-specifically bound to the aggregated ISCU, ruling out the existence of a structurally defined auxiliary site in ISCU. Characterization of the 2-Cys form by site-directed mutagenesis, CD, NMR, X-ray absorption, Mössbauer, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies showed that the iron center is coordinated by four strictly conserved amino acids of the assembly site, Cys35, Asp37, Cys61, and His103, in a tetrahedral geometry. The sulfur receptor Cys104 was at a very close distance and apparently bound to the iron center when His103 was missing, which may enable iron-dependent sulfur acquisition. Altogether, these data provide the structural basis to elucidate the Fe-S cluster assembly process and establish that the initiation of Fe-S cluster biosynthesis by insertion of a ferrous iron in the assembly site of ISCU is a conserved mechanism.
MeSH term(s)	Cysteine/chemistry ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; Sulfur/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Escherichia coli Proteins ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Cysteine (K848JZ4886) ; sulofenur (Z45N070N3S)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.2c06338
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Article ; Online: Native T2 Predicts Myocardial Inflammation Irrespective of a Patient’s Volume Status

Jan Sebastian Wolter / Julia M. Treiber / Selina Fischer / Ulrich Fischer-Rasokat / Steffen D. Kriechbaum / Andreas Rieth / Maren Weferling / Beatrice von Jeinsen / Andreas Hain / Christian W. Hamm / Till Keller / Andreas Rolf

Diagnostics, Vol 13, Iss 2240, p

2023 Volume 2240

Abstract: ... a patient’s volume status, and it is simple to use. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PVS ...

Abstract	Myocardial inflammation and edema are major pathological features in myocarditis. Myocardial tissue water content and myocardial edema can be quantified via T2 mapping. Thus, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the noninvasive gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis. Several studies showed an impact of short-term volume changes on T2 relaxation time. Plasma volume status (PVS) is a good surrogate parameter to quantify a patient’s volume status, and it is simple to use. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PVS on the diagnostic value of T2 relaxation time in myocardial inflammation. Between April 2017 and December 2022, patients who were indicated for cardiac CMR were included in our prospective clinical registry. Patients with myocardial inflammation and those with unremarkable findings were analyzed in the present study. A blood sample was drawn, and PVS was calculated. Patients were separated into PVS tertiles to explore a possible nonlinear dose–response relationship. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether T2 is an independent predictor of myocardial inflammation. A total of 700 patients (47.43% female) were eligible for analysis. Of these, 551 patients were healthy (78.7%), while 149 (21.3%) showed signs of myocardial inflammation. The T2 relaxation time was elevated in patients with myocardial inflammation (40 ms [IQR 37–42 ms] vs. 38.0 ms [IQR 36–39 ms], p < 0.001). PVS showed no difference between the groups (−12.94 [IQR −18.4–−7.28] vs.−12.19 [IQR −18.93–−5.87], p = 0.384). T2 showed a clear dose–response relationship with PVS, with increasing T2 values along the PVS tertiles. In spite of this, T2 was found to be an independent marker of myocardial inflammation in logistic regression (OR T2 1.3 [95% CI 1.21–1.39], p < 0.001), even after adjusting for PVS (OR T2 [adj. PVS] 1.31 [95% CI 1.22–1.40], p < 0.001). Despite a dose–response relationship between T2 and the volume status, T2 was found to be an independent indicator of myocardial inflammation.
Keywords	CMR ; T2 ; PVS ; myocardial inflammation ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Energy flow in men’s javelin throw and its relationship to joint load and performance

Hans-Peter Köhler / Maren Witt

PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

2023 Volume 16081

Abstract: ... infrared system. 16 markers were placed on the athlete’s body, five on the javelin to track the movement ...

Abstract	Background Performance in javelin throwing is dependent on the release speed and therefore the energy transferred to the javelin. Little is known about the flow of mechanical energy in javelin throwing and whether there is a connection to joint loading and throwing performance. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate (1) the energy flow within the kinetic chain of the throwing arm, (2) how it is related to performance and joint loads and (3) how joint forces and torques are used to transfer, generate and absorb mechanical energy. Methods The kinematics of 10 experienced javelin throwers were recorded using a 12-camera infrared system. 16 markers were placed on the athlete’s body, five on the javelin to track the movement of each segment. A segmental power analysis was carried out to calculate energy flow between upper body, upper arm, forearm and hand. Stepwise regression analysis was used to calculate the variable that best predicts release speed and joint loads. Results The results indicate that the higher the peak rate of energy transfer from the thorax to the humerus, the higher the release speed and the joint loads. While there were no differences between the peak rate of energy transfer in the different joints, the energy transferred differed depending on whether joint forces or torques were used. It can be further shown that higher joint torques and thus higher rotational kinetics at the shoulder are linked to higher release speeds. Thus, the movements of the upper body can be of great influence on the result in javelin throwing. Furthermore, the data show that athletes who are able to transfer more energy through the shoulder, rather than generate it, experience a smaller joint loading. An effective technique for improved energy transfer can thus help perform at the same level while lowering joint stress or have higher performance at the same joint loading.
Keywords	Kinetics ; Injury ; Modeling ; Athletics ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study

Mandy Bochnia / Jörg Ziegler / Maren Glatter / Annette Zeyner

Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 381, p

2021 Volume 381

Abstract: ... myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out ...

Abstract	Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins’ stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well.
Keywords	hypoglycin A ; raw milk ; intoxication ; carry-over ; transfer ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: High-Spin (S = 1) Blatter-Based Diradical with Robust Stability and Electrical Conductivity

Zhang, Shuyang / Pink, Maren / Junghoefer, Tobias / Zhao, Wenchao / Hsu, Sheng-Ning / Rajca, Suchada / Calzolari, Arrigo / Boudouris, Bryan W. / Casu, Maria Benedetta / Rajca, Andrzej

Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2022 Mar. 25, v. 144, no. 13

2022

Abstract: Triplet ground-state organic molecules are of interest with respect to several emerging technologies but usually show limited stability, especially as thin films. We report an organic diradical, consisting of two Blatter radicals, that possesses a ... ...

Abstract	Triplet ground-state organic molecules are of interest with respect to several emerging technologies but usually show limited stability, especially as thin films. We report an organic diradical, consisting of two Blatter radicals, that possesses a triplet ground state with a singlet–triplet energy gap, ΔEST ≈ 0.4–0.5 kcal mol–¹ (2J/k ≈ 220–275 K). The diradical possesses robust thermal stability, with an onset of decomposition above 264 °C (TGA). In toluene/chloroform, glassy matrix, and fluid solution, an equilibrium between two conformations with ΔEST ≈ 0.4 kcal mol–¹ and ΔEST ≈ −0.7 kcal mol–¹ is observed, favoring the triplet ground state over the singlet ground-state conformation in the 110–330 K temperature range. The diradical with the triplet ground-state conformation is found exclusively in crystals and in a polystyrene matrix. The crystalline neutral diradical is a good electrical conductor with conductivity comparable to the thoroughly optimized bis(thiazolyl)-related monoradicals. This is surprising because the triplet ground state implies that the underlying π-system is cross-conjugated and thus is not compatible with either good conductance or electron delocalization. The diradical is evaporated under ultra-high vacuum to form thin films, which are stable in air for at least 18 h, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies.
Keywords	X-radiation ; air ; chloroform ; electrical conductivity ; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy ; energy ; polystyrenes ; temperature ; thermal stability ; toluene
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0325
Size	p. 6059-6070.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.2c01141
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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