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Article ; Online: Morphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of three species of Jatropha: a contribution to plant recognition and selection.

Syahruni, R / Umar, A H / Todingbua, D / Semba, Y / Irmawati, D / Ratnadewi, D

2023 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 1009–1021

Abstract: Jatropha, a traditional medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant properties, was the subject of our study. We examined the morphology and chemical composition of three Jatropha ...

Abstract	Jatropha, a traditional medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant properties, was the subject of our study. We examined the morphology and chemical composition of three Jatropha species using cross- and longitudinal sections of fresh samples, observed with light microscopy. Histochemical analysis was conducted using various reagents to reveal the metabolites present. Anatomically, the distinguishing feature among the three Jatropha species was the presence of secretory cavities. These structures were identified in the petiole and stem bark of J. multifida, while in J. gossypiifolia and J. curcas they were present in roots. The stem bark cells of J. gossypiifolia were roundish in shape, whereas the others were rectangular. Laticifers were detected in the leaves, petioles, and stem bark of all three Jatropha species, while idioblasts were present in almost all organs. Histochemical tests revealed that excretory idioblasts and laticifers in Jatropha species contained alkaloids, phenolics, lipophilic compounds, and terpenoids. The cuticle of non-glandular trichomes contained terpenoids, while phenolic compounds were found within the secretory cavities. These findings contribute to the identification of Jatropha species and provide valuable insights for the selection and collection of specific plant organs containing bioactive compounds.
MeSH term(s)	Jatropha ; Biological Transport ; Phenols ; Plant Leaves ; Terpenes
Chemical Substances	Phenols ; Terpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1464075-2
ISSN	1438-8677 ; 1435-8603
ISSN (online)	1438-8677
ISSN	1435-8603
DOI	10.1111/plb.13567
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Article: The origins and growth of the Meatless Monday movement.

Semba, Richard D / Neu, Peggy / Berg, Pamela / Harding, Jamie / McKenzie, Shawn / Ramsing, Rebecca

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1283239

Abstract: Meatless Monday is a global movement that encourages people to reduce meat in their diets for their own health and the health of the planet. We conducted a comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources and archival material documenting the ... ...

Abstract	Meatless Monday is a global movement that encourages people to reduce meat in their diets for their own health and the health of the planet. We conducted a comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources and archival material documenting the origins, historical roots, and growth of Meatless Monday and simultaneous developments in public health. Sources for the paper included publications of the US Food Administration and articles and media identified using searches of ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Newspapers.com Academic, ProQuest US Newsstream, ProQuest Canadian Newstream, ProQuest International Newsstream databases, and Google.com. Meatless Monday was conceived by the advertising executive and public health advocate Sid Lerner in 2003, inspired by the meatless days observed during World War I and II. Meatless Monday grew steadily from 2003 to 2023 through advocacy by food writers, talk show hosts, and celebrity chefs, and through participation by schools, cities, restaurants, corporations, and institutions worldwide. School systems began to observe Meatless Monday, such as Baltimore City Public Schools in 2009 and New York City Public Schools in 2019. Meat-Free Monday campaign was launched by Paul McCartney and his daughters in 2009 in the United Kingdom. The Humane Society of the United States became an advocate for Meatless Monday and helped institute it in >200 US school systems. From 2003 to 2023, Meatless Monday spread to over 40 countries and was observed in public schools in countries such as Brazil, Ireland, and Belgium. Findings regarding high meat consumption and its adverse effects on health, high greenhouse gas production and environment degradation, and problems with animal welfare under conditions of industrial food animal production emerged during the same period and influenced many to advocate Meatless Monday. Meatless days of World War I and II were driven by patriotic motivations to provide food for the US troops and the Allies in Europe, whereas motivations for observing Meatless Monday were largely related to concerns regarding personal health, the environment, and animal welfare. Meatless Monday grew from relatively humble origins to a highly recognized worldwide movement with wide appeal as a way to begin reducing meat consumption for personal and planetary health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1283239
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Article ; Online: Relationships of GDF8 and 11 and Their Antagonists With Decline of Grip Strength Among Older Adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Yamaguchi, Yuko / Zhu, Min / Moaddel, Ruin / Palchamy, Elango / Ferrucci, Luigi / Semba, Richard D

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

2023 Volume 78, Issue 10, Page(s) 1793–1798

Abstract: Although growth/differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), and their circulating antagonists, which include GDF11 and GDF8 propeptides, follistatin (FST), WAP, Follistatin/Kazal, Immunoglobulin, Kunitz And Netrin Domain ... ...

Abstract	Although growth/differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), and their circulating antagonists, which include GDF11 and GDF8 propeptides, follistatin (FST), WAP, Follistatin/Kazal, Immunoglobulin, Kunitz And Netrin Domain Containing (WFIKKN)1, and WFIKKN2, have been shown to influence skeletal muscle and aging in mice, the relationship of these circulating factors with human phenotypes is less clear. This study aimed to characterize the relationship between plasma GDF8, GDF11, FST, WFIKKN1, and WFIKKN2 concentrations with the decline of grip strength in 534 adults, ≥65 years, who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and had grip strength measured over time. Plasma GDF8 and GDF11 mature proteins, GDF8 and GDF11 propeptides, FST (isoform FST315 and cleaved form FST303), WFIKKN1, and WFIKKN2 concentrations were measured using selected reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry at baseline. Grip strength was measured at baseline and at follow-up visits (median follow-up 8.87 years). Mean (standard deviation) grip strength declined in men and women by -0.84 (2.45) and -0.60 (1.32) kg/year, respectively. Plasma GDF8 and GDF11 mature proteins, GDF8 and GDF11 propeptides, FST315, FST303, WFIKKN1, and WFIKKN2 concentrations were not independently predictive of the decline of grip strength in men or women in multivariable linear regression analyses that adjusted for potential confounders. In conclusion, circulating GDF8, GDF11, and their antagonists do not appear to influence the decline of grip strength in older men or women.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Aged ; Follistatin ; Baltimore ; Longitudinal Studies ; Proteins/metabolism ; Growth Differentiation Factors ; Aging/physiology ; Hand Strength ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Follistatin ; Proteins ; Growth Differentiation Factors ; GDF11 protein, human ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1223643-3
ISSN	1758-535X ; 1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
ISSN	1079-5006
DOI	10.1093/gerona/glad135
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Article ; Online: Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health.

Ramsing, Rebecca / Santo, Raychel / Kim, Brent F / Altema-Johnson, Daphene / Wooden, Alyssa / Chang, Kenjin B / Semba, Richard D / Love, David C

Current environmental health reports

2023 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 291–302

Abstract: Purpose of review: Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compare the retail sales, nutrient profiles, and known health and environmental impacts of the production and consumption of dairy and plant-based milks and identify knowledge gaps for future studies. For our plant-based milk comparisons, we reviewed almond, soy, oat, coconut, rice, pea, cashew, and other plant-based milks as data were available. Recent findings: The retail unit price of plant-based milks was generally higher than that of cow's milk, making it less accessible to lower-income groups. Many plant-based milks are fortified to match the micronutrient profile of dairy milk more closely. Notable differences remained, especially in protein, zinc, and potassium, depending on the base ingredient and individual product. Some plant-based milks contain added sugar to improve flavor. Plant-based milks were generally associated with lower environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, water use) than cow's milk, with the notable exception of the higher water footprint of almond milk. This review of recent studies and consumer purchases confirmed that retail sales of plant-based milks are increasing and shifting among products. Further research is needed to better characterize the environmental impacts of newer plant-based milks, such as cashew, hemp, and pea milks; consumer attitudes and behavior towards plant-based milks; and the safety and potential health effects related to their long-term and more frequent consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Humans ; Milk ; Nutritional Status ; Micronutrients
Chemical Substances	Micronutrients
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2196-5412
ISSN (online)	2196-5412
DOI	10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z
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Article ; Online: Traditional and novel risk factors for incident aortic stenosis in community-dwelling older adults.

Massera, Daniele / Bartz, Traci M / Biggs, Mary L / Sotoodehnia, Nona / Reiner, Alexander P / Semba, Richard D / Gottdiener, John S / Psaty, Bruce M / Owens, David S / Kizer, Jorge R

Heart (British Cardiac Society)

2023 Volume 110, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–64

Abstract: Objectives: Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease in older adults, yet its risk factors remain insufficiently studied in this population. Such studies are necessary to enhance understanding of mechanisms, disease management ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease in older adults, yet its risk factors remain insufficiently studied in this population. Such studies are necessary to enhance understanding of mechanisms, disease management and therapeutics. Methods: The Cardiovascular Health Study is a population-based investigation of older adults that completed adjudication of incident AS over long-term follow-up. We evaluated traditional cardiovascular risk factors or disease, as well as novel risk factors from lipid, inflammatory and mineral metabolism pathways, in relation to incident moderate or severe AS (including AS procedures) and clinically significant AS (severe AS, including procedures). Results: Of 5390 participants (age 72.9±5.6 years, 57.6% female, 12.5% black), 287 developed moderate or severe AS, and 175 clinically significant AS, during median follow-up of 13.1 years. After full adjustment, age (HR=1.66 per SD (95% CI=1.45, 1.91)), male sex (HR=1.41 (1.06, 1.87)), diabetes (HR=1.53 (1.10, 2.13)), coronary heart disease (CHD, HR=1.36 (1.01, 1.84)), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A Conclusion: This comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for long-term incidence of AS identified associations for diabetes and prevalent CHD, LpPLA
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Independent Living ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; Risk Factors ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnosis ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Diabetes Mellitus
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1303417-0
ISSN	1468-201X ; 1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
ISSN	1355-6037
DOI	10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322709
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Article ; Online: Greater Carboxy-Methyl-Lysine Is Associated With Increased Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.

Dhaliwal, Ruban / Ewing, Susan K / Vashishth, Deepak / Semba, Richard D / Schwartz, Ann V

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

2021 Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 265–272

Abstract: Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in bone alters collagen structure and function. Fluorescent AGEs are associated with fractures but less is known regarding non-fluorescent AGEs. We examined associations of carboxy-methyl-lysine (CML), ...

Abstract	Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in bone alters collagen structure and function. Fluorescent AGEs are associated with fractures but less is known regarding non-fluorescent AGEs. We examined associations of carboxy-methyl-lysine (CML), with incident clinical and prevalent vertebral fractures by type 2 diabetes (T2D) status, in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition cohort of older adults. Incident clinical fractures and baseline vertebral fractures were assessed. Cox regression was used to analyze the associations between serum CML and clinical fracture incidence, and logistic regression for vertebral fracture prevalence. At baseline, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 73.7 ± 2.8 and 73.6 ± 2.9 years in T2D (n = 712) and non-diabetes (n = 2332), respectively. Baseline CML levels were higher in T2D than non-diabetes (893 ± 332 versus 771 ± 270 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). In multivariate models, greater CML was associated with higher risk of incident clinical fracture in T2D (hazard ratio [HR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.79 per 1-SD increase in log CML) but not in non-diabetes (HR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94-1.13; p for interaction = 0.001). This association was independent of bone mineral density (BMD), glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c), weight, weight loss, smoking, cystatin-C, and medication use. CML was not significantly associated with the odds of prevalent vertebral fractures in either group. In conclusion, higher CML levels are associated with increased risk of incident clinical fractures in T2D, independent of BMD. These results implicate CML in the pathogenesis of bone fragility in diabetes. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Bone Density ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Fractures, Bone/complications ; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lysine ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Fractures/etiology
Chemical Substances	Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	632783-7
ISSN	1523-4681 ; 0884-0431
ISSN (online)	1523-4681
ISSN	0884-0431
DOI	10.1002/jbmr.4466
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Article: The Discovery of the Vitamins

Semba, R. D.

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research

2012 Volume 82, Issue 5, Page(s) 310

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120692-8
ISSN	0300-9831
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Plasma Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 Predict Longitudinal Changes in Bone Parameters in Women, but Not in Men.

Osawa, Yusuke / Tanaka, Toshiko / Semba, Richard D / Fantoni, Giovanna / Moaddel, Ruin / Candia, Julián / Simonsick, Eleanor M / Bandinelli, Stefania / Ferrucci, Luigi

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

2022 Volume 77, Issue 10, Page(s) 1951–1958

Abstract: ... hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, diabetes mellitus, and follow-up time. We found a significant ...

Abstract	Bone fragility can progress with aging, but biomarkers to detect emerging osteopenia have not been fully elucidated. Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has pleiotropic roles in a broad range of age-related conditions, but its association with osteopenia is unknown. We examined the relationship between plasma GDF-15 levels and rate of change in bone parameters over 9 years of follow-up in 596 adults in the InCHIANTI study (baseline age, 65-94 years; women, 52.4%; mean follow-up, 7.0 ± 3.0 years). Plasma GDF-15 concentrations were measured using the 1.3k HTS SOMAscan assay. Eight bone parameters were measured in the right tibia by peripheral quantitative computed tomography; total bone density, trabecular bone density, medullary plus trabecular bone density, cortical bone density, total bone area, cortical bone area, medullary bone area, and minimum moment of inertia (mMOI). We ran sex-specific linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts and slopes adjusted for age, age-squared, education, body mass index, the rate of change in weight, smoking, sedentary behavior, cross-sectional areas of calf muscles and fat, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, diabetes mellitus, and follow-up time. We found a significant association of "baseline GDF-15 × time" in models predicting cortical bone density and the mMOI in women, suggesting that the rates of decline in these bone parameters increased with higher GDF-15 (false discovery rate <0.05). Higher plasma levels GDF-15 predicted an accelerated decline in bone parameters in women, but was less associated in men. Furthermore studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density/physiology ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcium ; Female ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ; Humans ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Radius/physiology ; Tibia/diagnostic imaging ; Tibia/physiology
Chemical Substances	GDF15 protein, human ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	1223643-3
ISSN	1758-535X ; 1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
ISSN	1079-5006
DOI	10.1093/gerona/glac079
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Article ; Online: Proteins in the pathway from high red blood cell width distribution to all-cause mortality.

Osawa, Yusuke / Tanaka, Toshiko / Semba, Richard D / Fantoni, Giovanna / Moaddel, Ruin / Candia, Julián / Simonsick, Eleanor M / Bandinelli, Stefania / Ferrucci, Luigi

EBioMedicine

2022 Volume 76, Page(s) 103816

Abstract: Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and all-cause mortality are unknown. We conducted a data-driven discovery investigation to identify plasma proteins that mediate the ...

Abstract	Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and all-cause mortality are unknown. We conducted a data-driven discovery investigation to identify plasma proteins that mediate the association between RDW and time to death in community-dwelling adults. Methods: At baseline, 962 adults (women, 54·4%; age range, 21-98 years) participated in the InCHIANTI, "Aging in the Chianti Area" study, and proteomics data were generated from their plasma specimens. Of these, 623 participants had proteomics data available at the 9-year follow-up. For each visit, a total of 1301 plasma proteins were measured using SOMAscan technology. Complete data on vital status were available up to the 15-year follow-up period. Protein-specific exponential distribution accelerated failure time, and linear regression analyses adjusted for possible covariates were used for mortality and mediation analyses, respectively (survival data analysis). Findings: Baseline values of EGFR, GHR, NTRK3, SOD2, KLRF1, THBS2, TIMP1, IGFBP2, C9, APOB, and LRP1B mediated the association between baseline RDW and all-cause mortality. Changes in IGFBP2 and C7 over 9 years mediated the association between changes in RDW and 6-year all-cause mortality. Interpretation: Cellular senescence may contribute to the association between RDW and mortality. Funding: This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) contract and was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIA, NIH. The InCHIANTI study was supported as a 'targeted project' by the Italian Ministry of Health and in part by the U.S. NIA.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proteomics ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851331-9
ISSN	2352-3964
ISSN (online)	2352-3964
DOI	10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103816
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Article ; Online: POT1a deficiency in mesenchymal niches perturbs B-lymphopoiesis.

Nakashima, Kentaro / Kunisaki, Yuya / Hosokawa, Kentaro / Gotoh, Kazuhito / Yao, Hisayuki / Yuta, Ryosuke / Semba, Yuichiro / Nogami, Jumpei / Kikushige, Yoshikane / Stumpf, Patrick S / MacArthur, Ben D / Kang, Dongchon / Akashi, Koichi / Ohga, Shouichi / Arai, Fumio

Communications biology

2023 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 996

Abstract: Protection of telomeres 1a (POT1a) is a telomere binding protein. A decrease of POT1a is related to myeloid-skewed haematopoiesis with ageing, suggesting that protection of telomeres is essential to sustain multi-potency. Since mesenchymal stem cells ( ... ...

Abstract	Protection of telomeres 1a (POT1a) is a telomere binding protein. A decrease of POT1a is related to myeloid-skewed haematopoiesis with ageing, suggesting that protection of telomeres is essential to sustain multi-potency. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a constituent of the hematopoietic niche in bone marrow, their dysfunction is associated with haematopoietic failure. However, the importance of telomere protection in MSCs has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that genetic deletion of POT1a in MSCs leads to intracellular accumulation of fatty acids and excessive ROS and DNA damage, resulting in impaired osteogenic-differentiation. Furthermore, MSC-specific POT1a deficient mice exhibited skeletal retardation due to reduction of IL-7 producing bone lining osteoblasts. Single-cell gene expression profiling of bone marrow from POT1a deficient mice revealed that B-lymphopoiesis was selectively impaired. These results demonstrate that bone marrow microenvironments composed of POT1a deficient MSCs fail to support B-lymphopoiesis, which may underpin age-related myeloid-bias in haematopoiesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Aging ; Cell Differentiation ; Lymphopoiesis/genetics ; Telomere/genetics ; Telomere/metabolism ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Telomere-Binding Proteins ; POT1 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-023-05374-0
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