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Article ; Online: Perinatal Care of Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors: Scoping Review.

Head, Morgan L / Heck, Jennifer L

MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing

2021 Volume 47, Issue 3, Page(s) 154–159

Abstract: Background: An estimated one in nine women seeking perinatal care is a survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), yet CSA may be unknown to nurses and other health care providers. Childhood sexual abuse can have adverse physical and psychological effects ...

Abstract	Background: An estimated one in nine women seeking perinatal care is a survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), yet CSA may be unknown to nurses and other health care providers. Childhood sexual abuse can have adverse physical and psychological effects for survivors, and the intimacy of perinatal care can trigger distress like intrusive thoughts. Purpose: To explore available literature about CSA survivors and perinatal care. Specific aims were to 1) identify nursing actions that ease undesirable feelings during perinatal care for CSA survivors and 2) identify gaps in the literature on perinatal care for CSA survivors. Study design and methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched using: "Child Abuse, Sexual," "Perinatal Care," and "Parturition." Initial yield was 109 records. Results: Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria produced 14 full-text articles. Findings suggest that obtaining consent, promoting safety, trust, and control, fostering a healthy nurse-patient relationship, and inquiring about abuse may improve how CSA survivors experience perinatal care. Gaps in literature include nursing assessments for history of CSA with nonverbal cues. Clinical implications: For all patients, nurses should foster security and trust. It is critical that CSA survivors be in control of their care. Procedures should be thoroughly explained, and most importantly, consent should be obtained prior to every physical touch. Nurses must ask about history of CSA because it is part of patient-centered care, which is central to nursing.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition ; Perinatal Care ; Pregnancy ; Survivors/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	605601-5
ISSN	1539-0683 ; 0361-929X
ISSN (online)	1539-0683
ISSN	0361-929X
DOI	10.1097/NMC.0000000000000813
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Article ; Online: Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations.

Head, Jennifer R / Andrejko, Kristin L / Remais, Justin V

Lancet regional health. Americas

2021 Volume 5, Page(s) 100133

Abstract: Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst ongoing transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals ≥12 years.: Methods: We collected data on social contacts among school-aged children ...

Abstract	Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst ongoing transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals ≥12 years. Methods: We collected data on social contacts among school-aged children in the California Bay Area and developed an individual-based transmission model to simulate transmission of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in schools. We evaluated the additional infections in students and teachers/staff resulting over a 128-day semester from in-school instruction compared to remote instruction when various NPIs (mask use, cohorts, and weekly testing of students/teachers) were implemented, across various community-wide vaccination coverages (50%, 60%, 70%), and student (≥12 years) and teacher/staff vaccination coverages (50% - 95%). Findings: At 70% vaccination coverage, universal masking reduced infections by >57% among students. Masking plus 70% vaccination coverage enabled achievement of <50 excess cases per 1,000 students/teachers, but stricter risk tolerances, such as <25 excess infections per 1,000 students/teachers, required a cohort approach in elementary and middle school populations. In the absence of NPIs, increasing the vaccination coverage of community members from 50% to 70% or elementary teachers from 70% to 95% reduced the excess rate of infection among elementary school students attributable to school transmission by 24% and 37%, respectively. Interpretations: Amidst Delta variant circulation, we found that schools are not inherently low risk, yet can be made so with high community vaccination coverages and masking. Vaccination of adults protects unvaccinated children. Funding: National Science Foundation grant no. 2032210; National Institutes of Health grant nos. R01AI125842 and R01AI148336; MIDAS Coordination Center (MIDASSUP2020-4).
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-193X
ISSN (online)	2667-193X
DOI	10.1016/j.lana.2021.100133
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal social contacts among school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Bay Area Contacts among Kids (BACK) study.

Andrejko, Kristin L / Head, Jennifer R / Lewnard, Joseph A / Remais, Justin V

BMC infectious diseases

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 242

Abstract: Background: The San Francisco Bay Area was the first region in the United States to enact school closures to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The effects of closures on contact patterns for schoolchildren and their household members remain poorly ... ...

Abstract	Background: The San Francisco Bay Area was the first region in the United States to enact school closures to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The effects of closures on contact patterns for schoolchildren and their household members remain poorly understood. Methods: We conducted serial cross-sectional surveys (May 2020, September 2020, February 2021) of Bay Area households with children to estimate age-structured daily contact rates for children and their adult household members. We examined changes in contact rates over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, including after vaccination of household members, and compared contact patterns by household demographics using generalized estimating equations clustered by household. Results: We captured contact histories for 1,967 households on behalf of 2,674 children, comprising 15,087 non-household contacts over the three waves of data collection. Shortly after the start of shelter-in-place orders in May 2020, daily contact rates were higher among children from Hispanic families (1.52 more contacts per child per day; [95% CI: 1.14-2.04]), households whose parents were unable to work from home (1.82; [1.40-2.40]), and households with income < $150,000 (1.75; [1.33-2.33]), after adjusting for other demographic characteristics and household clustering. Between May and August 2020, non-household contacts of children increased by 145% (ages 5-12) and 172% (ages 13-17), despite few children returning to in-person instruction. Non-household contact rates among children were higher-by 1.75 [1.28-2.40] and 1.42 [0.89-2.24] contacts per child per day in 5-12 and 13-17 age groups, respectively, in households where at least one adult was vaccinated against COVID-19, compared to children's contact rates in unvaccinated households. Conclusions: Child contact rates rebounded despite schools remaining closed, as parents obtained childcare, children engaged in contact in non-school settings, and family members were vaccinated. The waning reductions observed in non-household contact rates of schoolchildren and their family members during a prolonged school closure suggests the strategy may be ineffective for long-term SARS-CoV-2 transmission mitigation. Reductions in age-assortative contacts were not as apparent amongst children from lower income households or households where adults could not work from home. Heterogeneous reductions in contact patterns raise concerning racial, ethnic and income-based inequities associated with long-term school closures as a COVID-19 mitigation strategy.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-022-07218-4
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Article: Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations.

Head, Jennifer R / Andrejko, Kristin L / Remais, Justin V

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2021

Abstract: Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst rising transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals aged 12 years and older, with the goal of characterizing risk to students and teachers ... ...

Abstract	Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst rising transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals aged 12 years and older, with the goal of characterizing risk to students and teachers under various within-school non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) combined with specific vaccination coverage levels. Methods: We developed an individual-based transmission model to simulate transmission of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 among a synthetic population, representative of Bay Area cities. We parameterized the model using community contact rates from vaccinated households ascertained from a household survey of Bay Area families with children conducted between February - April, 2021. Interventions and outcomes: We evaluated the additional infections in students and teachers/staff resulting over a 128-day semester from in-school instruction compared to remote instruction when various NPIs (mask use, cohorts, and weekly testing of students/teachers) were implemented in schools, across various community-wide vaccination coverages (50%, 60%, 70%), and student (≥12 years) and teacher/staff vaccination coverages (50% - 95%). We quantified the added benefit of universal masking over masking among unvaccinated students and teachers, across varying levels of vaccine effectiveness (45%, 65%, 85%), and compared results between Delta and Alpha variant circulation. Results: The Delta variant sharply increases the risk of within-school COVID-transmission when compared to the Alpha variant. In our highest risk scenario (50% community and within-school vaccine coverage, no within-school NPIs, and predominant circulation of the Delta variant), we estimated that an elementary school could see 33-65 additional symptomatic cases of COVID-19 over a four-month semester (depending on the relative susceptibility of children <10 years). In contrast, under the Bay Area reopening plan (universal mask use, community and school vaccination coverage of 70%), we estimated excess symptomatic infection attributable to school reopening among 2.0-9.7% of elementary students (8-36 excess symptomatic cases per school over the semester), 3.0% of middle school students (13 cases per school) and 0.4% of high school students (3 cases per school). Excess rates among teachers attributable to reopening were similar. Achievement of lower risk tolerances, such as <5 excess infections per 1,000 students or teachers, required a cohort approach in elementary and middle school populations. In the absence of NPIs, increasing the vaccination coverage of community members from 50% to 70% or elementary teachers from 70% to 95% reduced the estimated excess rate of infection among elementary school students attributable to school transmission by 24% and 41%, respectively. We estimated that with 70% coverage of the eligible community and school population with a vaccine that is ≤65% effective, universal masking can avert more cases than masking of unvaccinated persons alone. Conclusions: Amidst circulation of the Delta variant, our findings demonstrated that schools are not inherently low risk, yet can be made so with high community vaccination coverages and universal masking. Vaccination of adult community members and teachers protects unvaccinated elementary and middle school children. Elementary and middle schools that can support additional interventions, such as cohorts and testing, should consider doing so, particularly if additional studies find that younger children are equally as susceptible as adults to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Limitations: We did not consider the effect of social distancing in classrooms, or variation in testing frequency, and considerable uncertainty remains in key transmission parameters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2021.08.20.21262389
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Article ; Online: Psychosocial Experiences, Challenges, and Recommendations for Care Delivery among Partners of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study.

Acquati, Chiara / Head, Katharine J / Rand, Kevin L / Alwine, Jennifer S / Short, Danielle Nicole / Cohee, Andrea A / Champion, Victoria L / Draucker, Claire Burke

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 4

Abstract: For women diagnosed with breast cancer, partners are consistently identified as the primary support person. Despite growing consensus about the psychosocial experience and unmet needs of cancer caregivers, limited evidence exists about strategies to ... ...

Abstract	For women diagnosed with breast cancer, partners are consistently identified as the primary support person. Despite growing consensus about the psychosocial experience and unmet needs of cancer caregivers, limited evidence exists about strategies to offer partner-centered care across the cancer continuum. This study describes challenges endured by partners of breast cancer survivors (BCS), strategies implemented to manage these experiences, and recommendations for healthcare providers to inform targeted psychosocial care. Using convenience sampling, 22 partners of female BCS were recruited and completed semi-structured interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to code and synthesize findings. Participants described undergoing five experiences in their role as romantic partners: (a) assuming the role of caregiver, (b) becoming healthcare advocates for BCS, (c) connecting emotionally with the partner, (d) managing their own painful emotions, and (e) connecting with others for support. Experience-specific coping strategies and recommendations were identified. Romantic partners face multiple transitions across the cancer care continuum, which warrant investigation to sustain their well-being and active participation in illness management. Psychosocial interventions for this group will benefit from flexible implementation and attention to care delivery, mental health, and supportive/social needs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/psychology ; Cancer Survivors ; Social Support ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Caregivers/psychology ; Delivery of Health Care ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20042786
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Article: Delivering Genetic Test Results for Parkinson Disease: A Qualitative Approach to Provider Experiences in the PD GENEration Study.

Miller, Mandy / Cook, Lola / Verbrugge, Jennifer / Hodges, Priscila D / Head, Katharine J / Nance, Martha A

Neurology. Clinical practice

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e200282

Abstract: Background and objectives: The PD GENEration (PD GENE) study (NCT04057794) is an interventional clinical trial offering genetic testing with result disclosure and genetic counseling to individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). In general, experiences of ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: The PD GENEration (PD GENE) study (NCT04057794) is an interventional clinical trial offering genetic testing with result disclosure and genetic counseling to individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). In general, experiences of those providing PD genetic testing and counseling in a research or clinical setting have not been extensively evaluated. In this study, providers' experiences when providing research result disclosure and genetic counseling to people with PD were explored with the goal of improving PD genetics services. Methods: Qualitative semistructured interviews of all neurologists and genetic counselors who performed genetic test result disclosure and genetic counseling to at least 5 participants in the pilot portion of the PD GENE study were conducted. An inductive thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews identified core themes and subthemes for "lessons learned" and "challenges encountered." Results: Interviews were conducted with 14 providers (7 neurologists and 7 genetic counselors) who described multiple lessons learned while disclosing genetic test results, including the ability to adapt to participant background and needs and the value of a well-structured and supportive study that also provides training and educational materials for the provider. Of importance, responses suggested that the PD GENE study answered a real need, highlighting a strong interest in the community. Providers also voiced several shared challenges including the complexities of PD and PD genetics, unexpected confusion on provider roles within a research study, and complicated family histories/dynamics. Discussion: Providers in the pilot portion of the PD GENE study encountered enthusiasm and strong engagement from many of the participants, and they, too, voiced significant satisfaction about their roles and the mission of the study. They learned valuable lessons, and their comfort providing genetic test result disclosure and genetic counseling grew as the study progressed. Although there were challenges, they were deemed manageable. The results from this qualitative study can inform both the expanded PD GENE study and other providers offering genetic testing and counseling to their patients in a neurology setting. It will also allow for targeted PD provider education.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645818-4
ISSN	2163-0933 ; 2163-0402
ISSN (online)	2163-0933
ISSN	2163-0402
DOI	10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200282
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Article ; Online: Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations

Jennifer R. Head, MPH / Kristin L. Andrejko, BS / Justin V. Remais, PhD

The Lancet Regional Health. Americas, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100133- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Summary: Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst ongoing transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals ≥12 years. Methods: We collected data on social contacts among school-aged ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst ongoing transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals ≥12 years. Methods: We collected data on social contacts among school-aged children in the California Bay Area and developed an individual-based transmission model to simulate transmission of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in schools. We evaluated the additional infections in students and teachers/staff resulting over a 128-day semester from in-school instruction compared to remote instruction when various NPIs (mask use, cohorts, and weekly testing of students/teachers) were implemented, across various community-wide vaccination coverages (50%, 60%, 70%), and student (≥12 years) and teacher/staff vaccination coverages (50% - 95%). Findings: At 70% vaccination coverage, universal masking reduced infections by >57% among students. Masking plus 70% vaccination coverage enabled achievement of <50 excess cases per 1,000 students/teachers, but stricter risk tolerances, such as <25 excess infections per 1,000 students/teachers, required a cohort approach in elementary and middle school populations. In the absence of NPIs, increasing the vaccination coverage of community members from 50% to 70% or elementary teachers from 70% to 95% reduced the excess rate of infection among elementary school students attributable to school transmission by 24% and 37%, respectively. Interpretations: Amidst Delta variant circulation, we found that schools are not inherently low risk, yet can be made so with high community vaccination coverages and masking. Vaccination of adults protects unvaccinated children. Funding: National Science Foundation grant no. 2032210; National Institutes of Health grant nos. R01AI125842 and R01AI148336; MIDAS Coordination Center (MIDASSUP2020-4).
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; schools ; vaccination ; masks ; transmission model ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Folic Acid and the Prevention of Birth Defects: 30 Years of Opportunity and Controversies.

Crider, Krista S / Qi, Yan Ping / Yeung, Lorraine F / Mai, Cara T / Head Zauche, Lauren / Wang, Arick / Daniels, Kelicia / Williams, Jennifer L

Annual review of nutrition

2022 Volume 42, Page(s) 423–452

Abstract: For three decades, the US Public Health Service has recommended that all persons capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg/day of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). The neural tube forms by 28 days after conception. Fortification ... ...

Abstract	For three decades, the US Public Health Service has recommended that all persons capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg/day of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). The neural tube forms by 28 days after conception. Fortification can be an effective NTD prevention strategy in populations with limited access to folic acid foods and/or supplements. This review describes the status of mandatory FA fortification among countries that fortify (
MeSH term(s)	Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Food, Fortified ; Humans ; Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Vitamin B 12
Chemical Substances	Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	406980-8
ISSN	1545-4312 ; 0199-9885
ISSN (online)	1545-4312
ISSN	0199-9885
DOI	10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-091647
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Article ; Online: Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations

Head, Jennifer R / Andrejko, Kristin L / Remais, Justin V

medRxiv

Abstract: Abstract Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst rising transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals aged 12 years and older, with the goal of characterizing risk to students and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background: We examined school reopening policies amidst rising transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals aged 12 years and older, with the goal of characterizing risk to students and teachers under various within-school non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) combined with specific vaccination coverage levels. Methods: We developed an individual-based transmission model to simulate transmission of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 among a synthetic population, representative of Bay Area cities. We parameterized the model using community contact rates from vaccinated households ascertained from a household survey of Bay Area families with children conducted between February - April, 2021. Interventions and outcomes: We evaluated the additional infections in students and teachers/staff resulting over a 128-day semester from in-school instruction compared to remote instruction when various NPIs (mask use, cohorts, and weekly testing of students/teachers) were implemented in schools, across various community-wide vaccination coverages (50%, 60%, 70%), and student (≥12 years) and teacher/staff vaccination coverages (50% - 95%). We quantified the added benefit of universal masking over masking among unvaccinated students and teachers, across varying levels of vaccine effectiveness (45%, 65%, 85%), and compared results between Delta and Alpha variant circulation. Results: The Delta variant sharply increases the risk of within-school COVID transmission when compared to the Alpha variant. In our highest risk scenario (50% community and within-school vaccine coverage, no within-school NPIs, and predominant circulation of the Delta variant), we estimated that an elementary school could see 33-65 additional symptomatic cases of COVID-19 over a four-month semester (depending on the relative susceptibility of children <10 years). In contrast, under the Bay Area reopening plan (universal mask use, community and school vaccination coverage of 70%), we estimated excess symptomatic infection attributable to school reopening among 2.0-9.7% of elementary students (8-36 excess symptomatic cases per school over the semester), 3.0% of middle school students (13 cases per school) and 0.4% of high school students (3 cases per school). Excess rates among teachers attributable to reopening were similar. Achievement of lower risk tolerances, such as <5 excess infections per 1,000 students or teachers, required a cohort approach in elementary and middle school populations. In the absence of NPIs, increasing the vaccination coverage of community members from 50% to 70% or elementary teachers from 70% to 95% reduced the estimated excess rate of infection among elementary school students attributable to school transmission by 24% and 41%, respectively. We estimated that with 70% coverage of the eligible community and school population with a vaccine that is <65% effective, universal masking can avert more cases than masking of unvaccinated persons alone. Conclusions: Amidst circulation of the Delta variant, our findings demonstrated that schools are not inherently low risk, yet can be made so with high community vaccination coverages and universal masking. Vaccination of adult community members and teachers protects unvaccinated elementary and middle school children. Elementary and middle schools that can support additional interventions, such as cohorts and testing, should consider doing so, particularly if additional studies find that younger children are equally as susceptible as adults to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Limitations: We did not consider the effect of social distancing in classrooms, or variation in testing frequency, and considerable uncertainty remains in key transmission parameters.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-23
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.08.20.21262389
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Establishing a Successful Outpatient Joint Arthroplasty Program.

AORN journal

2018 Volume 108, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–50

Abstract: Many surgical procedures are performed in outpatient settings, and outpatient joint replacements are one of the emerging trends in orthopedics. Rising consumer demand for value-driven health care, new technology, and pain management advancements, and ... ...

Abstract	Many surgical procedures are performed in outpatient settings, and outpatient joint replacements are one of the emerging trends in orthopedics. Rising consumer demand for value-driven health care, new technology, and pain management advancements, and more physicians training in minimally invasive surgical techniques during their residency have driven this change. When a facility is considering the establishment of an outpatient joint arthroplasty program, leaders must take into consideration the outcomes data from the facility's current joint arthroplasty program. Additional factors in establishing a successful outpatient program include careful patient selection, preoperative patient education, the presence of a case manager, and specialized protocols and techniques.
MeSH term(s)	Arthroplasty/methods ; Arthroplasty/standards ; Humans ; Pain Management/methods ; Patient Education as Topic/methods ; Patient Selection ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Preoperative Care/standards ; Program Evaluation/methods ; Quality Improvement
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603972-8
ISSN	1878-0369 ; 0001-2092
ISSN (online)	1878-0369
ISSN	0001-2092
DOI	10.1002/aorn.12277
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