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Article ; Online: The role of coronary CTA and CT-fractional flow reserve evaluating coronary artery disease in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Tipograf, Yuliya / McLaren, Thomas / Savoie, Brent / Kumar, Anupam / Levack, Melissa M

2022

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639059-6
ISSN	1540-8191 ; 0886-0440
ISSN (online)	1540-8191
ISSN	0886-0440
DOI	10.1111/jocs.16967
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Zs.A 2221: Show issues

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Article: Phase IIa Clinical Biomarker Trial of Dietary Arginine Restriction and Aspirin in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Zell, Jason A / Taylor, Thomas H / Albers, C Gregory / Carmichael, Joseph C / McLaren, Christine E / Wenzel, Lari / Stamos, Michael J

Cancers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7

Abstract: After potentially curative treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain at high risk for recurrence, second primary CRC, and high-risk adenomas. In combination with existing data, our previous findings provide a rationale for reducing tissue ... ...

Abstract	After potentially curative treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain at high risk for recurrence, second primary CRC, and high-risk adenomas. In combination with existing data, our previous findings provide a rationale for reducing tissue polyamines as tertiary prevention in non-metastatic CRC patients. The goal of this study was to demonstrate rectal tissue polyamine reduction in optimally treated stage I-III CRC patients after intervention with daily oral aspirin + dietary arginine restriction. A single-institution phase IIa clinical trial was conducted. Patients were treated with aspirin 325 mg/day and an individualized dietary regimen designed to reduce arginine intake by ≥30% over a 12-week study period. Dietary intake, endoscopy with rectal biopsies, and phlebotomy were performed pre- and post-intervention. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate ≥50% decrease in rectal tissue putrescine levels from baseline as a measure of polyamine reduction in the target tissue. Twenty eligible patients completed the study. After study intervention, mean dietary arginine intake decreased from 3.7 g/day ± 1.3 SD to 2.6 g/day ± 1.2 SD (29.7% decrease,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers15072103
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Article ; Online: Acute cardiogenic shock secondary to blunt traumatic aortic valve injury.

Quintana, Eric N / DeBose-Scarlett, Alexandra / McLaren, Thomas A / Gondek, Stephen P / Smith, Michael C / Alder, Madeleine R / Baker, Michael T / Shah, Ashish S / Absi, Tarek S

Trauma case reports

2024 Volume 51, Page(s) 100995

Abstract: Background: Blunt cardiac injuries rarely result in aortic valve cusp rupture, leading to acute aortic insufficiency and cardiogenic shock. This rare clinical entity carries a high mortality rate if left undiagnosed and not managed surgically, with few ... ...

Abstract	Background: Blunt cardiac injuries rarely result in aortic valve cusp rupture, leading to acute aortic insufficiency and cardiogenic shock. This rare clinical entity carries a high mortality rate if left undiagnosed and not managed surgically, with few patients surviving beyond 24 h. It presents a diagnostic challenge in the polytrauma patient in shock, with multiple possible and complementary etiologies. Case presentation: We present a 56-year-old male with persistent hypotension, a wide pulse pressure, and elevated serum troponin levels suggesting blunt cardiac injury after a motor vehicle accident. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed normal biventricular function but severe aortic insufficiency due to prolapse of the left coronary cusp.He was taken emergently to surgery, where aortic valve exploration revealed complete left coronary cusp avulsion from the aortic annulus with a mid-cusp tear, requiring aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. Postoperative echocardiography showed normal biventricular function with a well-seated bioprosthetic aortic valve with no insufficiency. Conclusions: Traumatic aortic valve injury can lead to torn or prolapsed cusps causing acute aortic insufficiency leading to cardiogenic shock, but early recognition with appropriate and targeted diagnostic imaging is vital to prevent rapid patient deterioration and demise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2835433-3
ISSN	2352-6440 ; 2352-6440
ISSN (online)	2352-6440
ISSN	2352-6440
DOI	10.1016/j.tcr.2024.100995
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Article ; Online: The bullseye sign: A variant of the reverse halo sign in COVID-19 pneumonia.

McLaren, Thomas A / Gruden, James F / Green, Daniel B

Clinical imaging

2020 Volume 68, Page(s) 191–196

Abstract: The predominant pulmonary imaging findings on chest CT in the novel 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are bilateral ground glass opacities. The reverse halo sign is uncommon. This is a report of the new "bullseye sign," which is considered a variant ... ...

Abstract	The predominant pulmonary imaging findings on chest CT in the novel 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are bilateral ground glass opacities. The reverse halo sign is uncommon. This is a report of the new "bullseye sign," which is considered a variant of the reverse halo sign and favored to represent a focus of organizing pneumonia. The specificity of this finding is unclear, however its presence should alert radiologists to the possibility of COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1028123-x
ISSN	1873-4499 ; 0899-7071
ISSN (online)	1873-4499
ISSN	0899-7071
DOI	10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.07.024
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Zs.A 1469: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Sub-regional analysis of the parotid glands: model development for predicting late xerostomia with radiomics features in head and neck cancer patients.

Berger, Thomas / Noble, David J / Yang, Zhuolin / Shelley, Leila Ea / McMullan, Thomas / Bates, Amy / Thomas, Simon / Carruthers, Linda J / Beckett, George / Duffton, Aileen / Paterson, Claire / Jena, Raj / McLaren, Duncan B / Burnet, Neil G / Nailon, William H

Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)

2023 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 166–173

Abstract: Background: The irradiation of sub-regions of the parotid has been linked to xerostomia development in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). In this study, we compared the xerostomia classification performance of radiomics features calculated on ... ...

Abstract	Background: The irradiation of sub-regions of the parotid has been linked to xerostomia development in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). In this study, we compared the xerostomia classification performance of radiomics features calculated on clinically relevant and de novo sub-regions of the parotid glands of HNC patients. Material and methods: All patients ( Results: In this study, radiomics-based models predicted xerostomia better than standard clinical predictors. Models combining dose to the parotid and xerostomia scores at baseline yielded an AUC Conclusion: Our results indicate that variations of radiomics features calculated on sub-regions of the parotid glands can lead to earlier and improved prediction of xerostomia in HNC patients.
MeSH term(s)	Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Xerostomia/complications ; Humans ; Radiomics ; Parotid Gland/diagnostic imaging ; Parotid Gland/radiation effects ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	896449-x
ISSN	1651-226X ; 0349-652X ; 0284-186X ; 1100-1704
ISSN (online)	1651-226X
ISSN	0349-652X ; 0284-186X ; 1100-1704
DOI	10.1080/0284186X.2023.2179895
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Zs.A 6348: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Response to Letter to the Editor of Radiotherapy and Oncology regarding the paper entitled "50 years of radiotherapy research: Evolution, trends and lessons for the future" by Berger et al. (December 2021, volume 165).

Berger, Thomas / Noble, David J / Shelley, Leila E A / Hopkins, Kirsten I / McLaren, Duncan B / Burnet, Neil G / Nailon, William H

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

2022 Volume 172, Page(s) 151–152

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Medical Oncology ; Radiation Oncology ; Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	605646-5
ISSN	1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
ISSN (online)	1879-0887
ISSN	0167-8140
DOI	10.1016/j.radonc.2022.04.001
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Zs.A 1926: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Inter-rater reliability of a novel objective endpoint for benign central airway stenosis interventions: Segmentation-based volume rendering of computed tomography scans.

Ratwani, Ankush P / Chen, Heidi / Brown, Leah / Schwartz, Evan A / Patel, Khushbu / Guttentag, Adam / McLaren, Thomas A / Sandler, Kim L / Rickman, Otis B / Shojaee, Samira / Lentz, Robert J / Maldonado, Fabien

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0290393

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach for quantification of benign central airway obstruction (BCAO).: Design: A retrospective single-center cohort study.: Setting: Data were ascertained ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach for quantification of benign central airway obstruction (BCAO). Design: A retrospective single-center cohort study. Setting: Data were ascertained using electronic health records at a tertiary academic medical center in the United States. Participants and inclusion: Patients with airway stenosis located within the trachea on two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) imaging and documentation of suspected benign etiology were included. Four readers with varying expertise in quantifying tracheal stenosis severity were selected to manually segment each CT using a volume rendering approach with the available free tools in the medical imaging viewing software OsiriX (Bernex, Switzerland). Three expert thoracic radiologists were recruited to quantify the same CTs using traditional subjective methods on a continuous and categorical scale. Outcome measures: The interrater reliability for continuous variables was calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using a two-way mixed model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria, and fifty CT scans were selected for measurement. The most common etiology of BCAO was iatrogenic in 22 patients (58%). There was an even distribution of chest and neck CT imaging within our cohort. The average ICC across all four readers for the volume rendering approach was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.93), suggesting good to excellent agreement. The average ICC for thoracic radiologists for subjective methods on the continuous scale was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.55), suggesting poor to fair agreement. The kappa for the categorical approach was 0.26, suggesting a slight to fair agreement amongst the raters. Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study, agreement was good to excellent for raters with varying expertise in airway cross-sectional imaging using a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach to quantify BCAO. This proposed measurement outperformed our expert thoracic radiologists using conventional subjective grading methods.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cohort Studies ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Observer Variation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290393
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Article: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the West of Scotland: a cohort study.

McLaren, Alistair Stewart / Spoor, Johannes A / Cartwright, Douglas / Naylor, Gregory / Barclay, Stephen / Priest, Matthew / Puttagunta, Srikanth / Armstrong, Kirsty / Ballantyne, Stuart / Stanley, Adrian / Jeffry Evans, Thomas R

BMJ open gastroenterology

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic had an undoubted impact on the provision of elective and emergency cancer care, including the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to determine the effects of the COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic had an undoubted impact on the provision of elective and emergency cancer care, including the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with HCC in the West of Scotland. Design: This was a retrospective audit of a prospectively collated database of patients presented to the West of Scotland Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) between April and October 2020 (during the pandemic), comparing baseline demographics, characteristics of disease at presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment and outcomes with patients from April to October 2019 (pre pandemic). Results: There was a 36.5% reduction in new cases referred to the MDT during the pandemic. Patients presented at a significantly later Barcelona Cancer Liver Clinic stage (24% stage D during the pandemic, 9.5% pre pandemic, p<0.001) and with a significantly higher Child-Pugh Score (46% Child-Pugh B/C during the pandemic vs 27% pre pandemic, p<0.001). We observed a reduction in overall survival (OS) among all patients with a median OS during the pandemic of 6 months versus 17 months pre pandemic (p=0.048). Conclusion: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have contributed to a reduction in the presentation of new cases and survival among patients with HCC in the West of Scotland. The reason for this is likely multifactorial, but disruption of standard care is likely to have played a significant role. Resources should be provided to address the backlog and ensure there are robust investigation and management pathways going forward.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Pandemics ; Cohort Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2054-4774
ISSN	2054-4774
DOI	10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001231
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Article ; Online: Pelvic examination under anesthesia by learners at the time of abortion: Who accepts and who declines?

Pascoe, Kristin / Thomas, Leah / Naik, Aaditi G / McLaren, Hillary / Ellis, Kaitlin / Chor, Julie

Contraception

2023 Volume 129, Page(s) 110301

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors correlated with accepting a pelvic examination under anesthesia (EUA) by learners at the time of surgical abortion.: Study design: Retrospective chart review assessing the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors correlated with accepting a pelvic examination under anesthesia (EUA) by learners at the time of surgical abortion. Study design: Retrospective chart review assessing the prevalence of and comparing factors associated with accepting EUA by learners at the time of abortion. Results: Most (88%) of the 274 patients accepted EUA by learners. Declining was associated with prior intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Most patients accept EUA by learners at the time of abortion. Implications: In adhering to fundamental principles of medical ethics, professional guidelines, and legal mandates, consent prior to pelvic EUA by learners should be obtained universally.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Gynecological Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Anesthesia ; Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80106-9
ISSN	1879-0518 ; 0010-7824
ISSN (online)	1879-0518
ISSN	0010-7824
DOI	10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110301
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Article: The effects of causal and self-efficacy beliefs on help-seeking for people with depressive complaints: a quasi-experimental online study.

McLaren, Thomas / Peter, Lina-Jolien / Tomczyk, Samuel / Muehlan, Holger / Schomerus, Georg / Schmidt, Silke

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1232848

Abstract: Background: Only approximately a third of people with depressive symptoms seek professional health care. Furthermore, people labelled as mentally ill may experience stigmatisation, which can impede help-seeking behaviour.: Aim: To examine the effects ...

Abstract	Background: Only approximately a third of people with depressive symptoms seek professional health care. Furthermore, people labelled as mentally ill may experience stigmatisation, which can impede help-seeking behaviour. Aim: To examine the effects of three vignette-based interventions endorsing biopsychosocial causal beliefs and strengthening self-efficacy on help-seeking intention and behaviour, as well as the predictive values of these variables and previous treatment experience. Method: A quasi-experimental online study utilising a fractioned factorial design was carried out. People were screened for depressive symptoms and their current treatment status. After baseline assessment, they were randomly allocated into one of 24 groups receiving a combination of interventional messages. Actual help-seeking behaviour was measured at follow-ups 3 and 6 months after baseline. Results: Altogether, Conclusion: Biopsychosocial causal beliefs and self-efficacy have a direct effect on help-seeking intention. Interventions should include information on how to actually seek help as a means to strengthen self-efficacy beliefs and simulate previous treatment experience. Further research is needed to investigate the respective interaction effects on intention and behaviour. Clinical trial registration: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00023557, German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023557. Registered 11 December 2020. World Health Organization, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1264-9954. Registered 16 February 2021.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232848
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