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Article ; Online: Evaluating child helmet protection and testing standards: A study using PIPER child head models aged 1.5, 3, 6, and 18 years.

Li, Xiaogai / von Schantz, Anna / Fahlstedt, Madelen / Halldin, Peter

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e0286827

Abstract: The anatomy of children's heads is unique and distinct from adults, with smaller and softer skulls and unfused fontanels and sutures. Despite this, most current helmet testing standards for children use the same peak linear acceleration threshold as for ... ...

Abstract	The anatomy of children's heads is unique and distinct from adults, with smaller and softer skulls and unfused fontanels and sutures. Despite this, most current helmet testing standards for children use the same peak linear acceleration threshold as for adults. It is unclear whether this is reasonable and otherwise what thresholds should be. To answer these questions, helmet-protected head responses for different ages are needed which is however lacking today. In this study, we apply continuously scalable PIPER child head models of 1.5, 3, and 6 years old (YO), and an upgraded 18YO to study child helmet protection under extensive linear and oblique impacts. The results of this study reveal an age-dependence trend in both global kinematics and tissue response, with younger children experiencing higher levels of acceleration and velocity, as well as increased skull stress and brain strain. These findings indicate the need for better protection for younger children, suggesting that youth helmets should have a lower linear kinematic threshold, with a preliminary value of 150g for 1.5-year-old helmets. However, the results also show a different trend in rotational kinematics, indicating that the threshold of rotational velocity for a 1.5YO is similar to that for adults. The results also support the current use of small-sized adult headforms for testing child helmets before new child headforms are available.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Infant ; Head Protective Devices ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Head ; Skull ; Acceleration ; Craniocerebral Trauma/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0286827
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Article: Potential for reduced premature mortality by current and increased bicycle commuting: a health impact assessment using registry data on home and work addresses in Stockholm, Sweden.

Sommar, Johan Nilsson / Schantz, Peter / Strömgren, Magnus / Forsberg, Bertil

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine

2021 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e000980

Abstract: Objectives: The study aims to make use of individual data to estimate the impact on premature mortality due to both existing commuter bicycling and the potential impact due to increased physical activity through shifting transport mode from car ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The study aims to make use of individual data to estimate the impact on premature mortality due to both existing commuter bicycling and the potential impact due to increased physical activity through shifting transport mode from car commuting to bicycling. Methods: Using registry data on home and work addresses for the population of Stockholm County the shortest bicycling route on a network of bicycle paths and roads was retrieved. Travel survey data were used to establish current modes of commuting. The relation between duration of bicycling and distance bicycled within the general population in 2015 was established as a basis for identifying individuals that currently drive a car to work but were estimated to have the physical capacity to bicycle to work within 30 min. Within this mode-shift scenario from car-to-bike the duration of bicycling per week was estimated, both among current and potential bicycle commuters. The health impact assessment (HIA) on mortality due to bicycle commuting physical activity was estimated using the same relative risk as within the WHO Health Economic Assessment Tool. Results: The current number of bicycle commuters were 53 000, and the scenario estimated an additional 111 000. Their mean bicycle distances were 4.5 and 3.4 km, respectively. On average these respective amounts of physical activity reduced the yearly mortality by 16% and 12%, resulting in 11.3 and 16.2 fewer preterm deaths per year. Conclusion: The HIA of transferring commuting by car to bicycle estimated large health benefits due to increased physical activity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2817580-3
ISSN	2055-7647
ISSN	2055-7647
DOI	10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000980
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 and West Nile Virus Prevalence Studies in Raccoons and Raccoon Dogs from Germany.

Keller, Markus / Peter, Norbert / Holicki, Cora M / Schantz, Anna V / Ziegler, Ute / Eiden, Martin / Dörge, Dorian D / Vilcinskas, Andreas / Groschup, Martin H / Klimpel, Sven

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 11

Abstract: Unlike farm animals, wild animals are not subject to continuous health surveillance. Individual projects designed to screen wildlife populations for specific pathogens are, therefore, also of great importance for human health. In this context, the ... ...

Abstract	Unlike farm animals, wild animals are not subject to continuous health surveillance. Individual projects designed to screen wildlife populations for specific pathogens are, therefore, also of great importance for human health. In this context, the possible formation of a reservoir for highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogens is a focus of research. Two of these pathogens that have received particular attention during the last years are the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), due to its fast global spread and high impact to the human health, and, since its introduction into Germany, the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV). Especially in combination with invasive vertebrate species (e.g., raccoons (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Raccoons ; Raccoon Dogs ; West Nile virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Germany/epidemiology ; Animals, Wild
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14112559
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Article ; Online: Lifetime prevalence and potential determinants of psychotic experiences in the general population of Qatar.

Khaled, Salma M / Wilkins, Stacy Schantz / Woodruff, Peter

Psychological medicine

2019 Volume 50, Issue 7, Page(s) 1110–1120

Abstract: Background: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and potential determinants of psychotic experience(s) (PEs) in the general population of Qatar - a small non-war afflicted, conservative, high-income, middle-eastern country with recent rapid urbanization ... ...

Abstract	Background: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and potential determinants of psychotic experience(s) (PEs) in the general population of Qatar - a small non-war afflicted, conservative, high-income, middle-eastern country with recent rapid urbanization including an influx of migrants. Methods: A probability-based sample (n = 1353) of non-migrants and migrants were interviewed face-to-face and administered a 7-item psychosis screener adapted from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale, and the 5 items assessing odd (paranormal) beliefs and magical thinking (OBMT) from the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Using bivariate and logistic regression analyses, lifetime prevalence rates of PEs were estimated then compared before and after adjustment for socio-demographics, Arab ethnicity, psychological distress, and OBMT. Results: Prevalence of PEs was 27.9%. Visual hallucinations were most common (12.8%), followed by persecutory delusions (6.7%) and auditory hallucinations (6.9%). Ideas of reference (3.6%) were least prevalent. PEs were significantly higher in Arabs (34.7%) compared with non-Arabs (16.4%, p < 0.001) with the exception of ideas of reference and paranoid delusions. Female gender was associated with a higher prevalence of PEs in the Arab group only (p < 0.001). Prevalence of PEs was significantly higher among Arabs (48.8% v. 15.8%, p < 0.001) and non-Arabs (35.2% v. 7.3%, p < 0.001) with OBMT. Arab ethnicity (OR = 2.10, p = 0.015), psychological distress (OR = 2.29 p = 0.003), and OBMT (OR = 6.25, p < 0.001) were independently associated with PEs after adjustment for all variables. Conclusions: Ethnicity, but not migration was independently associated with PEs. Evidence linking Arab ethnicity, female gender, and psychological distress to PEs through associations with OBMT was identified for future prospective investigations.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Delusions/epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups/psychology ; Female ; Hallucinations/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Qatar/epidemiology ; Social Determinants of Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291719000977
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Zs.B 1003: Show issues

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Article: Progress in diagnosis, treatment and elimination of echinococcosis and cysticercosis.

Schantz, Peter M

Parasitology international

2006 Volume 55 Suppl, Page(s) S7–S13

Abstract: Here I review the current status of geographical occurrence and public health significance of echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp. infections) and cysticercosis (Taenia solium infection) with special emphasis on the remarkable technologic progress achieved ... ...

Abstract	Here I review the current status of geographical occurrence and public health significance of echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp. infections) and cysticercosis (Taenia solium infection) with special emphasis on the remarkable technologic progress achieved in recent decades that has led to greater understanding of the biology and epidemiology of these cestode infections. The greatest remaining challenges are to apply this knowledge and technology to improved medical management and prevention of these infections.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cysticercosis/diagnosis ; Cysticercosis/drug therapy ; Cysticercosis/parasitology ; Cysticercosis/prevention & control ; Echinococcosis/diagnosis ; Echinococcosis/drug therapy ; Echinococcosis/parasitology ; Echinococcosis/prevention & control ; Echinococcus ; Humans ; Taenia solium ; Taeniasis/diagnosis ; Taeniasis/drug therapy ; Taeniasis/parasitology ; Taeniasis/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2006
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1363151-2
ISSN	1383-5769
ISSN	1383-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.050
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Zs.B 2322: Show issues

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Article: The burden of echinococcosis.

Schantz, Peter M

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2005 Volume 73, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cost of Illness ; Echinococcosis/economics ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
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Ud II Zs.61: Show issues

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Article ; Online: ATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), an Fc-gamma receptor conditional 4-1BB agonist designed for optimal safety and efficacy, activates exhausted T cells in combination with anti-PD-1.

Enell Smith, Karin / Fritzell, Sara / Nilsson, Anneli / Barchan, Karin / Rosén, Anna / Schultz, Lena / Varas, Laura / Säll, Anna / Rose, Nadia / Håkansson, Maria / von Schantz, Laura / Ellmark, Peter

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII

2023 Volume 72, Issue 12, Page(s) 4145–4159

Abstract: Background: 4-1BB (CD137) is a co-stimulatory receptor highly expressed on tumor reactive effector T cells and NK cells, which upon stimulation prolongs persistence of tumor reactive effector T and NK cells within the tumor and induces long-lived memory ...

Abstract	Background: 4-1BB (CD137) is a co-stimulatory receptor highly expressed on tumor reactive effector T cells and NK cells, which upon stimulation prolongs persistence of tumor reactive effector T and NK cells within the tumor and induces long-lived memory T cells. 4-1BB agonistic antibodies have been shown to induce strong anti-tumor effects that synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The first generation of 4-1BB agonists was, however, hampered by dose-limiting toxicities resulting in suboptimal dose levels or poor agonistic activity. Methods: ATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), a second-generation Fc-gamma receptor conditional 4-1BB agonist in IgG4 format, was designed to overcome the limitations of the first generation of 4-1BB agonists, providing strong agonistic effect while minimizing systemic immune activation and risk of hepatoxicity. The epitope of ATOR-1017 was determined by X-ray crystallography, and the functional activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD1. Results: ATOR-1017 binds to a unique epitope on 4-1BB enabling ATOR-1017 to activate T cells, including cells with an exhausted phenotype, and NK cells, in a cross-linking dependent, FcγR-conditional, manner. This translated into a tumor-directed and potent anti-tumor therapeutic effect in vivo, which was further enhanced with anti-PD-1 treatment. Conclusions: These preclinical data demonstrate a strong safety profile of ATOR-1017, together with its potent therapeutic effect as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD1, supporting further clinical development of ATOR-1017.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; T-Lymphocytes ; Receptors, IgG ; Neoplasms ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9 ; Epitopes
Chemical Substances	Receptors, IgG ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9 ; Epitopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	195342-4
ISSN	1432-0851 ; 0340-7004
ISSN (online)	1432-0851
ISSN	0340-7004
DOI	10.1007/s00262-023-03548-7
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Zs.A 1237: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Overall health impacts of a potential increase in cycle commuting in Stockholm, Sweden.

Sommar, Johan Nilsson / Johansson, Christer / Lövenheim, Boel / Schantz, Peter / Markstedt, Anders / Strömgren, Magnus / Stigson, Helena / Forsberg, Bertil

Scandinavian journal of public health

2021 Volume 50, Issue 5, Page(s) 552–564

Abstract: Aims: To estimate the overall health impact of transferring commuting trips from car to bicycle.: Methods: In this study registry information on the location of home and work for residents in Stockholm County was used to obtain the shortest travel ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To estimate the overall health impact of transferring commuting trips from car to bicycle. Methods: In this study registry information on the location of home and work for residents in Stockholm County was used to obtain the shortest travel route on a network of bicycle paths and roads. Current modes of travel to work were based on travel survey data. The relation between duration of cycling and distance cycled was established as a basis for selecting the number of individuals that normally would drive a car to work, but have a distance to work that they could bicycle within 30 minutes. The change in traffic flows was estimated by a transport model (LuTrans) and effects on road traffic injuries and fatalities were estimated by using national hospital injury data. Effects on air pollution concentrations were modelled using dispersion models. Results: Within the scenario, 111,000 commuters would shift from car to bicycle. On average the increased physical activity reduced the one-year mortality risk by 12% among the additional bicyclists. Including the number of years lost due to morbidity, the total number of disability adjusted life-years gained was 696. The amount of disability adjusted life-years gained in the general population due to reduced air pollution exposure was 471. The number of disability adjusted life-years lost by traffic injuries was 176. Also including air pollution effects among bicyclists, the net benefit was 939 disability adjusted life-years per year. Conclusions: Large health benefits were estimated by transferring commuting by car to bicycle.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution ; Bicycling ; Humans ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Transportation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-12
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1475054-5
ISSN	1651-1905 ; 1403-4948
ISSN (online)	1651-1905
ISSN	1403-4948
DOI	10.1177/14034948211010024
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Zs.A 884: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Echinococcosis: a review.

Moro, Pedro / Schantz, Peter M

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2009 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–133

Abstract: Echinococcosis in humans occurs as a result of infection by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. In this review we discuss aspects of the biology, life cycle, etiology, distribution, and transmission of the Echinococcus ... ...

Abstract	Echinococcosis in humans occurs as a result of infection by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. In this review we discuss aspects of the biology, life cycle, etiology, distribution, and transmission of the Echinococcus organisms, and the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and effect of improved diagnosis of the diseases they cause. New sensitive and specific diagnostic methods and effective therapeutic approaches against echinococcosis have been developed in the last 10 years. Despite some progress in the control of echinococcosis, this zoonosis continues to be a major public health problem in several countries, and in several others it constitutes an emerging and re-emerging disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/parasitology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/parasitology ; Dog Diseases/prevention & control ; Dog Diseases/transmission ; Dogs ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/parasitology ; Echinococcosis/prevention & control ; Echinococcosis/transmission ; Echinococcus/classification ; Echinococcus/growth & development ; Echinococcus/isolation & purification ; Echinococcus multilocularis/growth & development ; Echinococcus multilocularis/isolation & purification ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/parasitology ; Sheep Diseases/prevention & control ; Sheep Diseases/transmission ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.037
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Zs.A 4516: Show issues

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Article: The Role of Procurement Biopsies in Kidney Acceptance Decision Making and Kidney Discard: Perceptions of Physicians, Nurse Coordinators, and OPO Staff and Directors.

Schantz, Karolina / Gordon, Elisa J / Lee, Unsun / Rocha, Maria / Friedewald, John / Ladner, Daniela P / Becker, Yolanda / Formica, Richard / Reese, Peter P / Kaufman, Dixon / Barah, Masoud / Walker, Marissa / Mehrotra, Om / Viveros, Dania / Mehrotra, Sanjay

Transplantation direct

2022 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) e1299

Abstract: Procurement biopsies suffer from challenges with quality and reproducibility and are linked to kidney discard. Nonetheless, procurement biopsies are obtained for the majority of kidneys in the United States, and biopsy findings are commonly relied upon ... ...

Abstract	Procurement biopsies suffer from challenges with quality and reproducibility and are linked to kidney discard. Nonetheless, procurement biopsies are obtained for the majority of kidneys in the United States, and biopsy findings are commonly relied upon in kidney acceptance decisions. Methods: We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 30 surgeons, nephrologists, nurse coordinators, and organ procurement organization (OPO) staff and directors to assess perceptions of factors contributing to kidney discard and strategies to reduce kidney discard, with a focus on the role of procurement biopsies. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) participants emphasized the importance of biopsy findings in making acceptance decisions but expressed concerns about a lack of standardization and quality control; (2) participants reported large variations in the level of importance placed on biopsy findings, the level of reliance on glomerulosclerosis in particular, and the cutoffs used; and (3) participants disagreed about how often procurement biopsies should be taken, with some supporting stricter limits on which kidneys are biopsied and others preferring a biopsy for most kidney offers. Conclusions: These findings support the development of standard practices for which kidneys require biopsy, how the biopsy material is prepared, and how the biopsy is interpreted. Variability in kidney acceptance practices across centers and the use of biopsy findings in guiding recipient selection also lend support to policies to allocate kidneys with suboptimal histological findings to the centers that are willing to use such kidneys and the patients who could most benefit from such offers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2373-8731
ISSN	2373-8731
DOI	10.1097/TXD.0000000000001299
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