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  1. Article ; Online: Complement-ary protection for all ages.

    Han, Geongoo / Vaishnava, Shipra

    Immunity

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 411–413

    Abstract: Complement proteins form a proteolytic cascade to clear invading microbes. In a recent issue of Cell, Wu et al. and Xu et al. demonstrate two distinct complement systems operating in the gut, independent of circulating complement, and protecting against ... ...

    Abstract Complement proteins form a proteolytic cascade to clear invading microbes. In a recent issue of Cell, Wu et al. and Xu et al. demonstrate two distinct complement systems operating in the gut, independent of circulating complement, and protecting against intestinal pathogens.
    MeSH term(s) Complement System Proteins
    Chemical Substances Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.010
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    Zs.A 4227: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Mucin-binding adhesins: A key to unlocking the door of mutualism.

    Han, Geongoo / Vaishnava, Shipra

    Cell host & microbe

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 1254–1256

    Abstract: From corals to mammals, mucus is a conserved feature that prevents microbes from accessing the surfaces that produce it. However, interactions between mucus and microbes remain poorly understood. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Smith et al. unveil ... ...

    Abstract From corals to mammals, mucus is a conserved feature that prevents microbes from accessing the surfaces that produce it. However, interactions between mucus and microbes remain poorly understood. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Smith et al. unveil that mucus binding by bacteria is crucial for host-microbe symbiosis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Symbiosis ; Mucins/metabolism ; Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Mucus/metabolism ; Mammals
    Chemical Substances Mucins ; Adhesins, Bacterial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.007
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  3. Article ; Online: Microbial underdogs: exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions.

    Han, Geongoo / Vaishnava, Shipra

    Experimental & molecular medicine

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 12, Page(s) 2498–2507

    Abstract: Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, ... ...

    Abstract Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, laboratory animals usually do not have microorganisms beyond bacteria. The phenotypes observed in laboratory animals, including the immune system, have displayed notable discrepancies when compared to real-world observations due to the diverse microbial community in natural environments. Interestingly, recent studies have unveiled the beneficial roles played by low-abundance microorganisms. Despite their rarity, these keystone taxa play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial composition and fulfilling specific functions in the host. Consequently, understanding low-abundance microorganisms has become imperative to unravel true commensalism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of important findings on how low-abundance commensal microorganisms, including low-abundance bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, interact with the host and contribute to host phenotypes, with emphasis on the immune system. Indeed, low-abundance microorganisms play vital roles in the development of the host's immune system, influence disease status, and play a key role in shaping microbial communities in specific niches. Understanding the roles of low-abundance microbes is important and will lead to a better understanding of the true host-microbe relationships.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Symbiosis ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Fungi/genetics ; Microbiota ; Bacteria
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1328915-9
    ISSN 2092-6413 ; 1226-3613 ; 0378-8512
    ISSN (online) 2092-6413
    ISSN 1226-3613 ; 0378-8512
    DOI 10.1038/s12276-023-01120-y
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    Zs.A 4775: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Microbial underdogs

    Geongoo Han / Shipra Vaishnava

    Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Vol 55, Iss 12, Pp 2498-

    exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions

    2023  Volume 2507

    Abstract: Abstract Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, laboratory animals usually do not have microorganisms beyond bacteria. The phenotypes observed in laboratory animals, including the immune system, have displayed notable discrepancies when compared to real-world observations due to the diverse microbial community in natural environments. Interestingly, recent studies have unveiled the beneficial roles played by low-abundance microorganisms. Despite their rarity, these keystone taxa play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial composition and fulfilling specific functions in the host. Consequently, understanding low-abundance microorganisms has become imperative to unravel true commensalism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of important findings on how low-abundance commensal microorganisms, including low-abundance bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, interact with the host and contribute to host phenotypes, with emphasis on the immune system. Indeed, low-abundance microorganisms play vital roles in the development of the host’s immune system, influence disease status, and play a key role in shaping microbial communities in specific niches. Understanding the roles of low-abundance microbes is important and will lead to a better understanding of the true host-microbe relationships.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
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  5. Article ; Online: Out of destruction comes new growth: Pore-forming antimicrobials make pancreas grow.

    Yunker, Rebecca / Bonakdar, Maryam / Vaishnava, Shipra

    Cell metabolism

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 11, Page(s) 1611–1613

    Abstract: Gut-residing bacteria are known to regulate the physiologies of distal organs. However, the mechanism behind the long-distance communication between gut microbes and distal organs remains unknown. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, two studies show that β ...

    Abstract Gut-residing bacteria are known to regulate the physiologies of distal organs. However, the mechanism behind the long-distance communication between gut microbes and distal organs remains unknown. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, two studies show that β cell expansion in the pancreas depends on bacterially induced antimicrobials produced in the gut.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria/metabolism ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/metabolism ; Pancreas
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2176834-1
    ISSN 1932-7420 ; 1550-4131
    ISSN (online) 1932-7420
    ISSN 1550-4131
    DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.006
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  6. Article ; Online: The Intestinal Mucus Layer Comes of Age.

    Vaishnava, Shipra

    Trends in immunology

    2016  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–4

    Abstract: The mucus layer is critical in limiting contact between host and the complex bacterial consortia that colonize the intestine. A recent paper in Cell Host and Microbe provides comprehensive insight into the dynamics of mucus layer maturation upon ... ...

    Abstract The mucus layer is critical in limiting contact between host and the complex bacterial consortia that colonize the intestine. A recent paper in Cell Host and Microbe provides comprehensive insight into the dynamics of mucus layer maturation upon bacterial colonization of germ-free (GF) mice that have implications for studies on host-microbe interaction involving colonization of GF mice.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Germ-Free Life ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Infection/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microbiota ; Mucin-2/genetics ; Mucin-2/metabolism ; Mucus/immunology ; Mucus/microbiology ; Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins ; Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Muc2 protein, mouse ; Mucin-2 ; Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins ; Proteins ; Reg3g protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2036831-8
    ISSN 1471-4981 ; 1471-4906
    ISSN (online) 1471-4981
    ISSN 1471-4906
    DOI 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.002
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    Zs.MG 2: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Low abundance members of the gut microbiome exhibit high immunogenicity.

    Han, Geongoo / Luong, Hien / Vaishnava, Shipra

    Gut microbes

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2104086

    Abstract: Studies identifying bacterial members that dictate host phenotype have focused mainly on the dominant members, and the role of low abundance microbes in determining host phenotypes and pathogenesis of diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we ... ...

    Abstract Studies identifying bacterial members that dictate host phenotype have focused mainly on the dominant members, and the role of low abundance microbes in determining host phenotypes and pathogenesis of diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we compared the gut bacterial community of mice with wide-ranging microbial exposure to determine if low abundance bacteria vary based on microbial exposure or remain consistent. We noted that similar to the high abundance bacterial community, a core community of low abundance bacteria made up a significant portion of the gut microbiome irrespective of microbial exposure. To determine the role of low abundance bacteria in regulating community composition and host gene expression, we devised a microbiome dilution strategy to "delete" out low abundance bacteria and engrafted the diluted microbiomes into germ-free mice. Our approach successfully excluded low abundance bacteria from small and large intestinal bacterial communities and induced global changes in microbial community composition in the large intestine. Gene expression analysis of intestinal tissue revealed that loss of low abundance bacteria resulted in a drastic reduction in expression of multiple genes involved MHCII antigen presentation pathway and T-cell cytokine production in the small intestine. The effect of low abundance bacteria on MHCII expression was found to be specific to the intestinal epithelium at an early timepoint post-colonization and correlated with bacteria belonging to the family
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; Firmicutes/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2575755-6
    ISSN 1949-0984 ; 1949-0984
    ISSN (online) 1949-0984
    ISSN 1949-0984
    DOI 10.1080/19490976.2022.2104086
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  8. Article ; Online: Spatial analysis of gut microbiome reveals a distinct ecological niche associated with the mucus layer.

    Duncan, Kellyanne / Carey-Ewend, Kelly / Vaishnava, Shipra

    Gut microbes

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1874815

    Abstract: Mucus-associated bacterial communities are critical for determining disease pathology and promoting colonization resistance. Yet the key ecological properties of mucus resident communities remain poorly defined. Using an approach that ... ...

    Abstract Mucus-associated bacterial communities are critical for determining disease pathology and promoting colonization resistance. Yet the key ecological properties of mucus resident communities remain poorly defined. Using an approach that combines
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Biofilms ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucus/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Spatial Analysis
    Chemical Substances DNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1949-0984
    ISSN (online) 1949-0984
    DOI 10.1080/19490976.2021.1874815
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  9. Article ; Online: Vitamin A at the interface of host-commensal-pathogen interactions.

    Iyer, Namrata / Vaishnava, Shipra

    PLoS pathogens

    2019  Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) e1007750

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Bacteria/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases/microbiology ; Vitamin A/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Vitamin A (11103-57-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7366
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7366
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007750
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  10. Article ; Online: Vitamin A at the interface of host-commensal-pathogen interactions.

    Namrata Iyer / Shipra Vaishnava

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e

    2019  Volume 1007750

    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
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