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Article ; Online: Histopathologic correlates of trabecular meshwork in microincisional trabeculectomy.

Rao, Aparna

2023 Volume 72, Issue 3, Page(s) 335–338

Abstract: Purpose: To report the histopathologic correlates of trabecular meshwork (TM) specimens procured by microincisional trabeculectomy (MIT) for different severities of glaucoma (early glaucoma: visual field mean deviation [MD] <-6 dB, moderate glaucoma: MD ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report the histopathologic correlates of trabecular meshwork (TM) specimens procured by microincisional trabeculectomy (MIT) for different severities of glaucoma (early glaucoma: visual field mean deviation [MD] <-6 dB, moderate glaucoma: MD from - 6 to - 12 dB, and advanced glaucoma: MD <-12 dB). Methods: TM specimens from four patients undergoing MIT with or without cataract surgery were analyzed by routine histopathology for structural changes. The number of cells, the number of cells with spindle-shaped nuclei suggestive of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and the distance between the trabecular beams were calculated using different tools on freely available ImageJ software using the line or pint/count tool. Results: The TM specimens procured from two early and two advanced glaucoma cases showed decreasing cellularity and decreased compact arrangement of the trabecular beams in severe disease stages. The number of cells and preserved architecture in all four specimens were evident, with > 50 cells being present per section in all four cases despite the glaucoma being of advanced disease stage in two patients. Conclusion: The TM specimens obtained from MIT can be utilized for downstream analysis using different molecular methods for studying the molecular events in the tissue from early to severe glaucoma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Trabeculectomy/methods ; Trabecular Meshwork/surgery ; Trabecular Meshwork/pathology ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Cataract Extraction ; Visual Fields ; Intraocular Pressure
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/IJO.IJO_1390_23
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Article ; Online: Commentary: Glaucoma in patients aged less than 40 years: A growing concern.

Rao, Aparna

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2022 Volume 70, Issue 12, Page(s) 4193

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glaucoma/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/ijo.IJO_2169_22
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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Market-Driven Plant Breeding for Practicing Breeders

Tiwari, Aparna / Tikoo, Surinder K. / Angadi, Sharan P. / Kadaru, Suresh B. / Ajanahalli, Sadananda R. / Vasudeva Rao, M. J.

2022

Abstract: This book highlights the technicalities of plant breeding in a seed-business environment and explains the crucial aspects of the value chain. It educates the readers on how to initiate, participate, sustain national and international agreements for ... ...

Author's details	by Aparna Tiwari, Surinder K. Tikoo, Sharan P. Angadi, Suresh B. Kadaru, Sadananda R. Ajanahalli, M. J. Vasudeva Rao
Abstract	This book highlights the technicalities of plant breeding in a seed-business environment and explains the crucial aspects of the value chain. It educates the readers on how to initiate, participate, sustain national and international agreements for material transfer, how consortia work to facilitate germplasm accessibility, and how to set visionary goals to develop a superior plant varieties. The book covers the aspects such as how to conduct disease screening trials at hot spots, preparing an operational budget, and how to accelerate product advancement. Plant breeding is broadly defined as manipulation of plant genotypes to create phenotypes that are beneficial to mankind. It helps to achieve food security and sustainability by developing high yielding, climate-resilient, nutritious varieties of crops and hence is able to address unprecedented challenges like rising global population, diminishing genetic biodiversity, and uncertainties of the weather . This book is an extraordinary source of information starting from goal-genesis to market-oriented product-profiling and help readers to accelerate/enhance? their work/professional performance more effectively. This book will be very useful to practicing plant breeders at various levels in the public and private sectors. It is a must-have book for potential plant breeders who enter plant breeding profession just after the completion of their formal plant breeding education.
Keywords	Agricultural genome mapping ; Agricultural biotechnology ; Agriculture ; Agricultural Genetics ; Agricultural Biotechnology
Subject code	631.5233
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (XXXI, 387 p. 53 illus., 31 illus. in color.)
Edition	1st ed. 2022.
Publisher	Springer Nature Singapore ; Imprint: Springer
Publishing place	Singapore
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	981-19-5434-8 ; 981-19-5433-X ; 978-981-19-5434-4 ; 978-981-19-5433-7
DOI	10.1007/978-981-19-5434-4
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Inter-individual Variation in Pain Sensitivity among Healthy Young Indian Adults- a pilot study.

Aparna Rao, C / Savitha, D

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)

2023 Volume 21, Issue 81, Page(s) 40–45

Abstract: Background Pain perception, with inter-individual variability, is a challenge for both patients and clinicians. Distribution of pain sensitivity parameters being less explored in Indian population can vary with reports from outside India. Objective To ... ...

Abstract	Background Pain perception, with inter-individual variability, is a challenge for both patients and clinicians. Distribution of pain sensitivity parameters being less explored in Indian population can vary with reports from outside India. Objective To describe distribution of pain sensitivity parameters using cold pressor test in healthy adults and to explore relationship of pain sensitivity with gender, vascular reactivity and parental history of hypertension. Method Pain was induced with non-dominant hand immersed in cold water (30 C to 50 C) in 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females) selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pain sensitivity (pain threshold, tolerance and unpleasantness), vascular reactivity (Δ change in blood pressure and pulse rate) were measured. Result Subjects demonstrated pain threshold [17.6 s (10.7, 26.6)], tolerance [40.2 s (30.0, 59.2)] and unpleasantness [7.0 (6.1,8.0)]. Pain unpleasantness showed a weak negative correlation with pain threshold and tolerance (p < 0.001). Pain threshold had moderate positive correlation with tolerance (p < 0.001). Males had significantly higher pain threshold and tolerance than females (p=0.004). Significant rise in posttest systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), decrease in pulse rate (p=0.007) were found compared to resting values. Pain tolerance showed a weak positive correlation with Δ systolic blood pressure (p=0.039). Subjects with positive parental history of hypertension showed higher pain unpleasantness scores (p=0.02). Conclusion The study demonstrated a wide range of pain sensitivity for narrow age and body mass index. Gender difference was observed for pain threshold and tolerance. Vascular reactivity was demonstrated. Subjective pain perception was higher in subjects with parental history of hypertension.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Pain Threshold/physiology ; Pilot Projects ; Pain Measurement ; Pain ; Hypertension ; Cold Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2257651-4
ISSN	1812-2078 ; 1812-2078
ISSN (online)	1812-2078
ISSN	1812-2078
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Article: An Interprofessional Approach to Aural Rehabilitation for Adults with Hearing Loss and Cognitive Concerns.

Tillery, Kate Helms / Rao, Aparna

Audiology research

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 166–178

Abstract: Individuals with hearing loss are at risk for cognitive decline. The traditional approach to audiological care does not typically involve a team approach that addresses cognitive concerns. While cognitive screening is within the scope of practice in ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with hearing loss are at risk for cognitive decline. The traditional approach to audiological care does not typically involve a team approach that addresses cognitive concerns. While cognitive screening is within the scope of practice in audiology, audiologists are not typically trained in interpreting screening results or providing rehabilitation that supports cognitive health. However, as growing evidence shows that hearing loss is tied to cognitive decline, a team approach is required to support whole-person care. Speech-language pathologists, who specialize in optimizing communication, are best situated to collaborate with audiologists to provide holistic aural rehabilitation. Audiologists and speech-language pathologists who partner to support a client's communication skills and social relationships play an important role in the life of an individual with hearing loss. In this perspective, we describe relevant background information about hearing loss and cognition and present an interprofessional approach to aural rehabilitation for adults with hearing loss who have cognitive concerns. We also discuss implications for future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2039-4330
ISSN	2039-4330
DOI	10.3390/audiolres14010014
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Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor: Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation is a Risk Factor for Visual Field Progression in Advanced Glaucoma.

Rao, Aparna / Khan, Sardar M

Journal of glaucoma

2023 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) e41

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Visual Fields ; Glaucoma/complications ; Glaucoma/diagnosis ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Risk Factors ; Disease Progression
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	913494-3
ISSN	1536-481X ; 1057-0829
ISSN (online)	1536-481X
ISSN	1057-0829
DOI	10.1097/IJG.0000000000002179
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Article ; Online: Cogan Reese Syndrome, a Unilateral Puzzling Cause of Secondary Glaucoma.

Rao, Aparna

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma

2020 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 287

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anterior Chamber/diagnostic imaging ; Cogan Syndrome/complications ; Cogan Syndrome/diagnosis ; Female ; Glaucoma/etiology ; Glaucoma/physiopathology ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	2589-4196
ISSN (online)	2589-4196
DOI	10.1016/j.ogla.2020.02.004
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Article ; Online: A Feedback Loop between TGF-β1 and

Chakraborthy, Munmun / Rao, Aparna

Current issues in molecular biology

2023 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 2381–2392

Abstract: Autophagy is a cell's evolutionary conserved process for degrading and recycling cellular proteins and removing damaged organelles. There has been an increasing interest in identifying the basic cellular mechanism of autophagy and its implications in ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy is a cell's evolutionary conserved process for degrading and recycling cellular proteins and removing damaged organelles. There has been an increasing interest in identifying the basic cellular mechanism of autophagy and its implications in health and illness during the last decade. Many proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease are reported to be associated with impaired autophagy. The functional significance of autophagy in exfoliation syndrome/exfoliation glaucoma (XFS/XFG), remains unknown though it is presumed to be impaired autophagy to be responsible for the aggregopathy characteristic of this disease. In the current study we have shown that autophagy or ATG5 is enhanced in response to TGF-β1 in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells and TGF-β1 induced autophagy is necessary for increased expression of profibrotic proteins and epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) through Smad3 that lead to aggregopathy. Inhibition of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2000024-8
ISSN	1467-3045 ; 1467-3037
ISSN (online)	1467-3045
ISSN	1467-3037
DOI	10.3390/cimb45030154
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Article ; Online: Secondary glaucoma following vitreo-retinal surgeries.

Kolipaka, Gowri P / Rao, Aparna

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2023 Volume 71, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–25

Abstract: Vitreoretinal surgeries either in the form of external compression by buckles or by increasing the intraocular volume by tamponades can cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure (IOP), causing glaucoma to be one of the most common consequences of ... ...

Abstract	Vitreoretinal surgeries either in the form of external compression by buckles or by increasing the intraocular volume by tamponades can cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure (IOP), causing glaucoma to be one of the most common consequences of vitreoretinal surgeries despite improved surgical techniques. Identifying the mechanism that causes the raised IOP is crucial as the management of glaucoma can differ accordingly. Intravitreal (IVT) injections in the form of IVT steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections can also cause a significant rise in the IOP and effect, especially the glaucomatous eyes, which are already predisposed. Not just the overlapping clinical features make the diagnosis confusing but also associated scarring of the conjunctiva, and the presence of episcleral hardware in some cases due to scleral buckle make the surgical management of glaucoma in these eyes very challenging. In this review, we describe in detail the various mechanisms causing secondary glaucoma post vitreoretinal surgeries with a focus on how to distinguish between them. We also discuss the possible consequences of anti-VEGF agents on IOP, various surgical challenges, and modifications with newer surgical options in the management of this refractory glaucoma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vitreoretinal Surgery/adverse effects ; Vitrectomy/adverse effects ; Glaucoma/diagnosis ; Glaucoma/etiology ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Intraocular Pressure ; Scleral Buckling/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/ijo.IJO_1155_22
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Article ; Online: A Feedback Loop between TGF-β1 and ATG5 Mediated by miR-122-5p Regulates Fibrosis and EMT in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Munmun Chakraborthy / Aparna Rao

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Vol 45, Iss 154, Pp 2381-

2023 Volume 2392

Abstract: Autophagy is a cell’s evolutionary conserved process for degrading and recycling cellular proteins and removing damaged organelles. There has been an increasing interest in identifying the basic cellular mechanism of autophagy and its implications in ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy is a cell’s evolutionary conserved process for degrading and recycling cellular proteins and removing damaged organelles. There has been an increasing interest in identifying the basic cellular mechanism of autophagy and its implications in health and illness during the last decade. Many proteinopathies such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease are reported to be associated with impaired autophagy. The functional significance of autophagy in exfoliation syndrome/exfoliation glaucoma (XFS/XFG), remains unknown though it is presumed to be impaired autophagy to be responsible for the aggregopathy characteristic of this disease. In the current study we have shown that autophagy or ATG5 is enhanced in response to TGF-β1 in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells and TGF-β1 induced autophagy is necessary for increased expression of profibrotic proteins and epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) through Smad3 that lead to aggregopathy. Inhibition of ATG5 by siRNA mediated knockdown reduced profibrotic and EMT markers and increased protein aggregates in the presence of TGF-β1 stimulation. The miR-122-5p, which was increased upon TGF exposure, was also reduced upon ATG5 inhibition. We thus conclude that TGF-β1 induces autophagy in primary HTM cells and a positive feedback loop exists between TGF-β1 and ATG5 that regulated TGF downstream effects mainly mediated by Smad3 signaling with miR-122-5p also playing a role.
Keywords	TGF-β1 ; ATG5 ; miR-122-5p ; feedback loop ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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