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  1. Article ; Online: The impact of health expenditures on mortality in England: Assessing plausibility.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2024  Volume 143, Page(s) 105038

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Health Expenditures ; England/epidemiology ; Mortality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 605805-x
    ISSN 1872-6054 ; 0168-8510
    ISSN (online) 1872-6054
    ISSN 0168-8510
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105038
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2250: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Value-based pricing of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in primary care: an economic evaluation.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    BMC health services research

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 317

    Abstract: Objectives: Value-based pricing (VBP) determines product prices based on their perceived benefits. In healthcare, VBP prices medical technologies considering health outcomes and other relevant factors. This study applies VBP using economic evaluation to ...

    Abstract Objectives: Value-based pricing (VBP) determines product prices based on their perceived benefits. In healthcare, VBP prices medical technologies considering health outcomes and other relevant factors. This study applies VBP using economic evaluation to provider-patient communication, taking cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for adult primary care patients with depressive disorders as a case study.
    Methods: A 12-week decision-tree model was developed from the German social health insurance system's perspective, comparing CBT against the standard of care. The influence of an extended time horizon on VBP was assessed using a theoretical model and long-term data spanning 46 months.
    Results: Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of €88,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained, the base-case 50-minute compensation rate for CBT was €45. Assuming long-term effects of CBT significantly affected the value-based compensation, increasing it to €226.
    Conclusions: This study showcases the potential of applying VBP to CBT. However, significant price variability is highlighted, contingent upon assumptions regarding CBT's long-term impacts.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Depression/therapy ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Primary Health Care ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-024-10653-5
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  3. Article ; Online: Comment on: "10 Years of AMNOG: What is the Willingness-to-Pay for Pharmaceuticals in Germany?"

    Gandjour, Afschin

    Applied health economics and health policy

    2023  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 125–126

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Germany ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-02
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2171420-4
    ISSN 1179-1896 ; 1175-5652
    ISSN (online) 1179-1896
    ISSN 1175-5652
    DOI 10.1007/s40258-023-00852-2
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6060: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Negative Drug Pricing in the Context of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Consistency Examination.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 131

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Drug Costs ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1471745-1
    ISSN 1524-4733 ; 1098-3015
    ISSN (online) 1524-4733
    ISSN 1098-3015
    DOI 10.1016/j.jval.2023.09.2909
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5904: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Impact of the introduction of the AMNOG law on launch delays of new drugs in Germany: a comment.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 7, Page(s) 1243–1244

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical ; Germany ; Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2045253-6
    ISSN 1618-7601 ; 1618-7598
    ISSN (online) 1618-7601
    ISSN 1618-7598
    DOI 10.1007/s10198-023-01607-5
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5475: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Long COVID: Costs for the German economy and health care and pension system.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    BMC health services research

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 641

    Abstract: Background: Patients with acute COVID-19 can develop persistent symptoms (long/post COVID-19 syndrome). This study aimed to project the economic, health care, and pension costs due to long/post-COVID-19 syndrome with new onset in Germany in 2021.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patients with acute COVID-19 can develop persistent symptoms (long/post COVID-19 syndrome). This study aimed to project the economic, health care, and pension costs due to long/post-COVID-19 syndrome with new onset in Germany in 2021.
    Methods: Using secondary data, economic costs were calculated based on wage rates and the loss of gross value-added. Pension payments were determined based on the incidence, duration, and amount of disability pensions. Health care expenditure was calculated based on rehabilitation expenses.
    Results: The analysis estimated a production loss of 3.4 billion euros. The gross value-added loss was calculated to be 5.7 billion euros. The estimated financial burden on the health care and pension systems due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was approximately 1.7 billion euros. Approximately 0.4 percent of employees are projected to be wholly or partially withdrawn from the labor market in the medium term due to long/post-COVID with new onset in 2021.
    Conclusion: Costs of long/post-COVID-19 syndrome with new onset in 2021 are not negligible for the German economy and health care and pension systems but may still be manageable.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Expenditures ; Pensions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-023-09601-6
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  7. Article ; Online: Optimal allocation of scarce PCR tests during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0285083

    Abstract: Background/aim: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Germany and various other countries experienced a shortage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory tests due to the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that drove an ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Germany and various other countries experienced a shortage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory tests due to the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that drove an unprecedented surge of infections. This study developed a mathematical model that optimizes diagnostic capacity with lab-based PCR testing.
    Methods: A mathematical model was constructed to determine the value of PCR testing in relation to the pre-test probability of COVID-19. Furthermore, the model derives the lower and upper bounds for the threshold pre-test probability of the designated priority group. The model was applied in a German setting using the PCR test-positivity rate at the beginning of February 2022.
    Results: The value function of PCR testing is bell-shaped with respect to the pre-test probability, reaching a maximum at a pre-test probability of 0.5. Based on a PCR test-positivity rate of 0.3 and assuming that at least two thirds of the tested population have a pre-test probability below, lower and higher pre-test probability thresholds are ≥ 0.1 and 0.7, respectively. Therefore, individuals who have a 25% likelihood of testing positive because they exhibit symptoms should be a higher priority for PCR testing. Furthermore, a positive rapid antigen test in asymptomatic individuals with no known exposure to COVID-19 should be confirmed using PCR. Yet, symptomatic individuals with a positive RAT should be excluded from PCR testing.
    Conclusion: A mathematical model that allows for the optimal allocation of scarce PCR tests during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Pandemics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0285083
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  8. Article ; Online: A Model-Based Estimate of the Cost-Effectiveness Threshold in Germany.

    Gandjour, Afschin

    Applied health economics and health policy

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 627–635

    Abstract: Purpose: Value-based pricing of new, innovative health technologies defined as pricing through economic evaluation requires the use of a basic cost-effectiveness threshold. This study presents a cost-effectiveness model that determines the cost- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Value-based pricing of new, innovative health technologies defined as pricing through economic evaluation requires the use of a basic cost-effectiveness threshold. This study presents a cost-effectiveness model that determines the cost-effectiveness threshold for life-extending new, innovative technologies based on health system opportunity costs.
    Methods: To estimate health system opportunity costs, the study used German data and examined the period between 1896 and 2014. To this end, it determined intertemporal differences in the remaining lifetime spending and life expectancy by age and gender. To account for the age composition of the population, it weighted age-specific intertemporal changes in the remaining lifetime spending and life expectancy by the age-specific population size. To estimate life expectancy gains solely attributable to the health care system, it used aggregated data on amenable mortality. It calculated the cost-effectiveness ratio of health care spending in the German health care system on average and at the margin.
    Results: Based on the cost-effectiveness ratio of health care spending at the margin, the threshold value for life-prolonging new, innovative technologies was at least €42,634 per life-year gained, with a point estimate of €88,107 per life-year gained. Based on the average ratio, the threshold value dropped below €34,000 per life-year gained.
    Conclusion: This study provides new evidence on the cost-effectiveness threshold for value-based pricing of new, innovative technologies. Data from Germany suggest that a threshold value based on health care spending at the margin is considerably higher than that based on the average ratio.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Life Expectancy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Germany
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2171420-4
    ISSN 1179-1896 ; 1175-5652
    ISSN (online) 1179-1896
    ISSN 1175-5652
    DOI 10.1007/s40258-023-00803-x
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6060: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Optimal allocation of scarce PCR tests during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Afschin Gandjour

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

    2023  Volume 0285083

    Abstract: Background/aim During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Germany and various other countries experienced a shortage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory tests due to the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that drove an ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Germany and various other countries experienced a shortage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory tests due to the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that drove an unprecedented surge of infections. This study developed a mathematical model that optimizes diagnostic capacity with lab-based PCR testing. Methods A mathematical model was constructed to determine the value of PCR testing in relation to the pre-test probability of COVID-19. Furthermore, the model derives the lower and upper bounds for the threshold pre-test probability of the designated priority group. The model was applied in a German setting using the PCR test-positivity rate at the beginning of February 2022. Results The value function of PCR testing is bell-shaped with respect to the pre-test probability, reaching a maximum at a pre-test probability of 0.5. Based on a PCR test-positivity rate of 0.3 and assuming that at least two thirds of the tested population have a pre-test probability below, lower and higher pre-test probability thresholds are ≥ 0.1 and 0.7, respectively. Therefore, individuals who have a 25% likelihood of testing positive because they exhibit symptoms should be a higher priority for PCR testing. Furthermore, a positive rapid antigen test in asymptomatic individuals with no known exposure to COVID-19 should be confirmed using PCR. Yet, symptomatic individuals with a positive RAT should be excluded from PCR testing. Conclusion A mathematical model that allows for the optimal allocation of scarce PCR tests during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Comment on "Cost Effectiveness of Vericiguat for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Following a Worsening Heart Failure Event from a US Medicare Perspective".

    Gandjour, Afschin

    PharmacoEconomics

    2022  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-19
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1100273-6
    ISSN 1179-2027 ; 1170-7690
    ISSN (online) 1179-2027
    ISSN 1170-7690
    DOI 10.1007/s40273-022-01170-6
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